A General Statement On The "passions" In Thomas Aquinas's Ethics

Philosophy and Culture 36 (6):45-62 (2009)
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Abstract

Thomas Aquinas to human behavior is divided into two categories: one for the dedicated people of the "people having sex", this is the basic philosophy and ethics issues; one for humans and animals there is a "feeling" or "emotional" This and ethics, ethics education is also closely related. According to Thomas Aquinas, the soul of the love of nature is part of emotional desire, the soul of love can be divided into greedy love / For love two kinds of love and anger. Greedy love / For love aspect includes three pairs of conditions, namely: love and hate, desire, and escape, pleasure and pain / sadness. Main aspects of the situation, including anger and disappointment waited, fear and bravery, and anger; angry confrontation with those who did not. Therefore, different types of love there are eleven kinds, six are in want love, five belong to the situation in anger. This eleven kinds of conditions, including the soul of all human feelings. Among them, the happiness, sadness, fear, and waited for the four major feelings. Love itself has no moral good and evil, however, issued by the intellect and the will to love the command, that is associated with moral good and evil, the soul of love and therefore can be used as the subject of human virtue. Thomas Aquinas divided human acts into two categories: first, the "human acts," which are acts peculiar to men and the fundamental issues of philosophical ethics; and second, "passions" common to human beings and animals, which are closely related to ethics and ethical education. For Aquinas, the nature of the soul's passions is about the sensitive appetites, as the passions of the soul can be categorized into the passions of the irascible appetites and the passions of the concupiscible appetites. The passions of the irascible appetites is composed of three pairs of passions: love and hatred, concupiscence and aversion, delight and sorrow. Regarding the passions of the concupiscible appetites, they consist largely of hope and despair, fear and daring, along with anger, which has no contrary passion. Therefore , there are eleven different passions while six of them belong to the concupiscible faculty and the other five to the irascible faculty. All passions of the soul are contained in these eleven passions, among which delight, sorrow, hope and fear are the cardinal ones. There is no moral good or evil in passions if they are considered by themselves. And yet if they are considered subject to the command of intellect and will, there is moral good and evil in them; therefore, the passions of the soul can be the subject of human virtue

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