La distinzione fenomenologica fra corpo vivo e oggetto corporeo in Husserl e Scheler.The phenomenological distinction between Leib (living body) and Körper (corporeal object) in Scheler and Husserl

In Biosemiotic and psychopathology of the ordo amoris. Biosemiotica e psicopatologia dell'ordo amoris. In dialogo con Max Scheler. Milano MI, Italia: FrancoAngeli (2018)
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Abstract

In this paper, I show that, although Husserl explicitly explains a kinetic theory of Leib already in § 83 of Raum und Ding, a real phenomenology of the distinction between Leib (living body) and Körper (corporeal object) is not conceivable without Scheler's contribution. It’s quite common to search for the origin of this distinction in Ideen II, in a work composed of texts written in different moments from 1912 on. Before 1912 Husserl dedicated himself to the theme of corporeality in the first part of Göttinger Vorlesungen 1904/1905 as well as in the lectures in the Sommersemester of 1907 titled Ding und Raum [Hua XVI]. Both lectures, however, lack an explicit analysis on the distinction between Leib and Körper. Scheler instead mentions it already in an unpublished text from 1908/1909 and fully develops it in the years 1911 and 1912, where the issue is explored in a more organic and radical way than in the writings of Husserl. In diesem Beitrag möchte ich darauf hinweisen, dass, obwohl Husserl bereits in § 83 von Raum und Ding eine kinetische Theorie von Leib erklärt, eine reale Phänomenologie der Unterscheidung zwischen Leib und Körper ohne Schelers Beitrag nicht denkbar wäre. Im Allgemeinen wird ihr Ursprung in den Ideen II festgestellt, einer Schrift, die aus den Texten verschiedener Zeiten nach 1912 besteht. Vor 1912 widmet sich Husserl dem Thema der Körperlichkeit in dem ersten Teil der Göttinger Vorlesungen 1904/1905 sowie in den Vorlesungen aus dem Sommersemester 1907 über Ding und Raum [Hua XVI]. In beiden Vorlesungen fehlt jedoch eine explizite Untersuchung zum Unterschied zwischen Leib und Körper. Bei Scheler hingegen ist sie bereits in einem Nachlasstext aus 1908/1909 auffindbar und wird in den Jahren 1911 und 1912 sehr ausführlich entfaltet. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dieser Thematik erfolgt bei ihm viel organischer und eingehender als bei Husserl. In questo scritto dimostro che, sebbene Husserl espliciti una teoria cinetica del Leib già nel § 83 di Raum und Ding, una vera e propria fenomenologia della distinzione fra Leib (corpo vivente) e Körper (oggetto corporeo) è inconcepibile senza il contributo di Scheler. Generalmente tale distinzione viene ricondotta a Idee II, un testo che è il risultato di diverse versioni composte a partire dal 1912. Prima del 1912 Husserl si dedica al tema della corporeità nella prima parte delle Göttinger Vorlesungen del 1904/5, e nelle lezioni del Sommersemester del 1907 dedicate a Ding und Raum [Hua XVI]. In entrambi questi testi manca però un’analisi esplicita sulla differenza fra Leib e Körper. In Scheler invece tale distinzione è già rintracciabile in un inedito del 1908/09 per poi essere pienamente esplicitata nel biennio 1911-1912, dove è presente un’elaborazione di questa tematica ben più organica e radicale rispetto a quella presente negli scritti di Husserl.

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Guido Cusinato
Università degli Studi di Verona

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