Construtivismo Político: Além do Realismo e Antirrealismo

Ethic@ - An International Journal for Moral Philosophy 10 (1):2-25 (2011)
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Abstract

O artigo tem o objetivo de investigar as características centrais do modelo ético coerentista utilizado por Rawls nos textos A Theory of Justice , Political Liberalism , “Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory” , “Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy” , Lectures on History of Moral Philosophy , “Reply to Habermas” , The Law of Peoples , Justice as Fairness: A Restatement , Collected Papers . Especificamente, quero ver como seu construtivismo político oferece uma alternativa ao problema debatido entre realistas e antirrealistas, a saber, se existem fatos morais independente das crenças ou se estes dependem da estrutura mental do agente, sendo uma alternativa tanto ao construtivismo moral kantiano como ao intuicionismo racional. Quero defender que o construtivismo político é um modelo contratualista coerentista holístico e que faz uso de uma ontologia social, conduzindo a um modelo pragmático de justificação em um âmbito público que supera este impasse em ontologia moral. Para tal, inicio com a controvérsia entre realistas e antirrealistas e, após, analiso a teoria rawlseana à luz deste debate. Por fim, procuro estabelecer algumas considerações conclusivas sobre este problema.This paper aims to investigate the core characteristics of the ethical coherentist model used by Rawls,in texts such as A Theory of Justice , Political Liberalism , “KantianConstructivism in Moral Theory” , “Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy” , Lectureson History of Moral Philosophy , “Reply to Habermas” , The Law ofPeoples , Justice as Fairness: A Restatement , Collected Papers . Morespecifically, I wish to see how his political constructivism provides an alternative to the problem thatrealists and anti-realists discuss, i.e., whether moral facts exist regardless of beliefs or if it there areonly in the structure of the agent’s mind, an alternative both for Kant’s moral constructivism and forrational intuitionism. I wish to point out that the political constructivism is a coherentist holisticcontractarian model and use a social ontology leading to a pragmatic justification model in the publicdomain that go beyond of this moral ontology impasse. Therefore, I will start with the controversybetween realists and anti-realists and after I will analyze the rawlsean theory in light of this debate. Inthe end, I try to show some concluding remarks about this problem

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References found in this work

Justice as fairness: Political not metaphysical.John Rawls - 1985 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 14 (3):223-251.
Outline of a decision procedure for ethics.John Rawls - 1951 - Philosophical Review 60 (2):177-197.
Ethical absolutism and the ideal observer.Roderick Firth - 1951 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 12 (3):317-345.
Realism and Constructivism in Twentieth-Century Moral Philosophy.Christine M. Korsgaard - 2003 - Journal of Philosophical Research 28 (9999):99-122.
Ethical Absolutism and the Ideal Observer.Roderick Firth - 1997 - In Thomas L. Carson & Paul K. Moser (eds.), Morality and the good life. New York: Oxford University Press.

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