Abstract
First, I offer a short overview on the classical occidental philosophy as
propounded by the ancient Greeks and the natural philosophies of the last 2000
years until the dawn of the empiricist logic of science in the twentieth century, which
wanted to delimitate classical metaphysics from empirical sciences. In contrast to
metaphysical concepts which didn’t reflect on the language with which they tried to
explain the whole realm of entities empiricist logic of science initiated the end of
metaphysical theories by reflecting on the preconditions for foundation and justification
of sentences about objects of investigation, i.e. a coherent definition of language
in general, which was not the aim of classical metaphysics. Unexpectedly empiricist
logic of science in the linguistic turn failed in the physical and mathematical
reductionism of language and its use in communication, as will be discussed below
in further detail. Nevertheless, such reflection on language and communication also
introduced this vocabulary into biology. Manfred Eigen and bioinformatics, later on
biolinguistics, used ‘language’ applied linguistic turn thinking to biology coherent
to the logic of science and its formalisable aims. This changed significantly with
the birth of biosemiotics and biohermeneutics. At the end of this introduction it will
be outlined why and how all these approaches reproduced the deficiencies of the
logic of science and why the biocommunicative approach avoids their abstractive
fallacies.