Are aging OECD welfare states on the path to the politics of gerontocracy? Evidence from 18 democracies, 1980-2002
| Abstract | In the fifteen years since 1990, the average OECD median voter age has increased three times faster than in the preceding thirty years. We use panel data covering the years 1980-2002 to investigate the effects of population aging on both the program size and the benefit generosity of public pensions in 18 OECD countries. Population aging appears to lead to the cutting of smaller slices out of larger cakes: it increases overall pension program spending but decreases the generosity of individual benefits. Controlling for political, institutional and time-period variables, we find that public pension efforts are strongly mediated by welfare regime type and have more fully adopted a retrenchment logic since the late 1980s. Population aging is undoubtedly accelerating in the OECD democracies of today and tomorrow. But contrary to alarmist political economy predictions, these democracies are not yet dominated by a new distributive politics of elderly power, or gerontocracy. | |||||||||
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