Abstract

The purpose of this study is to discover the ambivalent nature of the idea of optiman in the concept of the problem of new humanism. The essence of ecological and anthropological crises is the subject of analysis by the authors of this article. The given problematics is revealed through the reference to the analysis of the idea of optiman. Methodology of research are general lofical research methods, method of historical and philosophical reconstruction, method of comparative analysis, method of system analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is the synthetic approach to solving the anthropological crisis, taking into account both ecological, biological and existential problems. Anthropological crisis has shown not only existential, but also biosocial problems of human existence and preservation of his biological bases. In this context, the idea of the possibility of purposeful intervention in human genetics and creation of an optiman or a superman dominates. The concept of «optiman» implies an attempt of harmonization of human innings, but not the replacement of natural givenness with something else. The «control over evolution» in such transcription assumes conscious work of many generations on creation of an opriman. However, technocratic attitudes of modern society demarcate this sense, emphasizing that the nature of an individual is determined not so much by the natural capabilities of the organism as by the technological achievements of modern civilization, which allow overcoming the natural barriers. The ambivalent nature of the idea of optiman appropriately constituents the search for new meanings in the notions of human nature. In this article two approaches to understanding optimen: transhumanism and existentialism are considered. The first approach is based on the positions of the expediency of transformation of human nature by technology, the second understands the ideal of the human as his ability to self-overcome. Conclusions. It is noted that transhumanism without recourse to the existentials of human existence can lead to increased alienation of a person and his technical suppression. The authors of the article conclude that a new humanism should be established.