Author: Paź Bogusław Title: ONTOLOGY VERSUS METAPHYSICS. GENESIS, DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE MODERN THEORY OF BEING (Ontologia versus metafizyka? Geneza, rozwój i różne postaci nowożytnej teorii bytu) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.15, number: 2011/4, pages: 817-847 Keywords: ONTOLOGY, MODERN METAPHYSICS, ESSENCE, ESSENTIALISM, IDEA, REPRESENTATIONISM, RATIONALISM Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The paper presents the process of modern metaphysics transforming into the ontology. The major points of this process (...) became: 1) scholastic sources of Catholic metaphysics represented by Fonseca, Suarez, Śmiglecki on the one side and Protestant metaphysics, represented by Goclenius and Clauberg, on the other; 2) Descartes’ epistemology of representation and 3) Leibniz’s rational and pluralistic metaphysics (monadology). The climax of the transformation process appears to be “Philosophia prima sive ontologia” (1729), a masterpiece being written by Wolff, where the first system of the ontology (science about being as possibility) was presented as a discipline independent from the traditional metaphysics. However starting with the Kant’s works ontology no longer was the discipline of knowledge about the real world but has being turned into a field of aprioristic categories of thinking about an existence and the physical world. (shrink)
The first Ukrainian translation of the text by Boguslaw Wolniewicz " Let's protect schools". Boguslaw Wolniewich is a new figure in Ukrainian information space. This Warsaw professor and visiting professor at a number of leading American and European universities, a member of the International Wittgenstein Society, also known for his journalistic activities, including appearances in the press, radio and television, and lectures on YouTube where he became a real star of the Internet. The main areas of his thought were logic, (...) metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of religion and philosophy of law, but he gained the most recognition as the creator of the ontology of the situation, as translator and commentator of Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as a critic of freudianism, phenomenology, postmodernism, marxism and religious fundamentalism. In his opinion, school reform cannot destroy the authority of a teacher – even for the sake of introducing the latest foreign educational models. Wolniewicz defends the ideals of the classical school, which should give students scientifically sound knowledge, not just practical recipes for survival in society. He emphasizes that the main task of the school is education, and education can appear in it only as a valuable by-product – as doping. The school educates only through learning: through its content, its level, its requirements and its appropriate organization. Wolniewicz warns against the dominance of bureaucracy in the school, and sees the mission of the state in ensuring educational autonomy. A school should not be a profit-oriented institution or a means of building the personal career of an official. (shrink)
Elaborating on Wittgenstein’s ontology of facts, semantic frames are described axiomatically as based on the notion of an elementary situation being the verifier of a proposition. Conditions are investigated then for such frames to be atomic, i.e. to have lattice-theoretic counterparts of his “Sachverhalte”.
To generalize as in [7] the constructions of [2] and [5], let L be a nondegenerate join-semilattice with unit. With A · B = {x ∨ y ∈ L : x ∈ A, y ∈ B} and A⊥ = {y ∈ L : x ∨ y = 1 for all x ∈ A}, the structure , ·,∪, ⊥ , L, ∅) is the algebra of subsets for L. Let R be the maximal ideals of L. Interpreting L as the totality (...) of elementary situations, and 1 ∈ L as the impossible one , the members of R will be called realizations, and R itself – the logical space associated with L. (shrink)
The paper concludes an earlier one on extensions of atomistic semantic frames. Three kinds of extension are considered: the adjunctive, the conjunctive, and the disjunctive one. Some theorems are proved on extending “Humean” frames, i.e. such that the elementary situations constituting their universa are separated by the maximally coherent sets of them.
A “semantic frame” is bounded join-semilattice of elementary situations, with its maximal ideals to represent possible worlds and mapped into the complete sets of propositions determined by a given abstract logic . A frame is Humean if the elementary situations are separated by its possible worlds, and it is atomistic if the semilattice is so. One frame is the extension of another if the latter is an {0,1}-subsemilattice of the former satisfying certain conditions discussed.
W Cambridge 21 grudnia 2013 r. zmarł Peter Thomas Geach – wybitna postać filozofii brytyjskiej i wielki przyjaciel Polski. Imię jego będę tu pisać po polsku, bo wiem, że byłby z tego rad. Znał nasz język i chętnie używał polskiej formy swojego imienia. Był polskim patriotą. Była to postać wielce charakterystyczna...
In [8] we adopted a set SE of elementary situations as our universe of discourse, sketching only roughly its assumed properties. These are to be specied now.
In a letter David Makinson has pointed out to me a clear-cut coun- terexample to the formula T3: S = M in [ S()), propounded in [1] for objective of disjunction. As he says: let p; q be independent E- propositions and put = p ^ q, = p^ q. Since p is an E-proposition, S = fug for some u in SE. Then S = S _ ) = S = fug; but u 62 V () [ V () (...) S() [ S() M in [ S()). (shrink)
