Descartes Felsefesinde Öznenin Epistemolojik Olarak KonumlandirilişiThe Epistemologically Placement Of Subject In The Philosophy Of Descartes

Ethos(misc.) 1 (1) (2008)
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Abstract

Descartes felsefesinde insan, düşünen varlık olarak konumlandırılır. Ancak Descartes için düşünen varlık aynı zamanda etkin bir varlıktır. Bu etkinlik de bilmedir. İnsan, düşünmesi sonucunda bilme etkinliğini gerçekleştiren bir varlıktır. Descartes’ın bilgeliği elde etmek için felsefe yapma isteği, Descartes felsefesini mutlak bilgi idealinin arayıcısı yapar. Çünkü insanı bilgeliğe ulaştıracak olan bilgi türü mutlak bilgidir. Bu nedenle, Descartes felsefesinde bilginin kaynağı ve ölçütü problemleri temelinde epistemolojik kaygılar önemlidir. Bu kaygılardan dolayı Descartes, felsefesinde insanın düşünen ve bilen bir varlık olmasını gerektiğini düşünür. Böyle bir varlık da Descartes felsefesinde epistemolojik öznedir. Epistemolojik özne, neden düşündüğünü ve bilgisinin kaynağının neden düşünmesi olduğunu bilendir. Bu bilgiden sonra da Descartes felsefesinde dünyanın bilgisini düşünmesiyle kuran insandır. Descartes felsefesindeki yöntem arayışı, kuşku yönteminin kullanılması, mutlak bilgi ideali kaygısı, Descartes felsefesinde insanın düşünen, bilen ve bilgisini kullanan özne olması içindir.In Descartes’ philosophy human-being is regarded as thinking being. But, for Descartes thinking being is also an active being. This activity is knowing. Human-being is an entity knowing as a result of its thinking. Descartes’ ambition to philosophize for having wisdom gets Descartes’ philosophy the searcher of the absolute knowledge. Because, absolute knowledge is a kind of knowledge making human-being achieve wisdom. That’s why, in Descartes’ philosophy epistemological concerns are important in terms of the source and measure of knowledge. Due to these concerns, Descartes thinks that human-being is supposed to be thinking and knowing being in his philosophy. Such an entity is an epistemological subject in his philosophy. Epistemological subject is the one that knows why he thinks and why his thinking is the source of his knowledge. In Descartes’ philosophy, after having this knowledge, human-being is the one who constructs the knowledge of the world by thinking. In Descartes’ philosophy, searching for method, using the method of doubt for the ideal of absolute knowledge are all for making human-being a subject who thinks, knows, and uses its knowledge in Descartes’ philosophy

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