Development is a consistent element in the implementation of Indonesian policies. However, it has become increasingly challenging, particularly following the decline of the New Order regime and Indonesia’s rejection of certain political practices associated with it. This paper aims to present a reflective analysis of the evolving nature of development, from its initiation under the New Order regime to the present post-Reformation era, and how nationalist development navigates the intricate cultural landscape in Indonesia as well as exploring the possibility of (...) the idea of ecological modernization being an alternative to the obsolete New Order development model. (shrink)

Artikel ini akan membahas perdebatan dan status manusia dalam Antroposen. Antroposen secara populer dikenal sebagai bagian dari rentang skala waktu geologis ketika aktivitas manusia dianggap memiliki pengaruh secara global pada sistem geologi bumi. Akan tetapi, hanya Holosen yang masih dipertahankan secara formal hingga saat ini. Tesis Antroposen membawa pro dan kontra di antara peneliti geologi. Mereka yang mendukung Antroposen tetap bersikukuh bahwa Antroposen nyata dan perlu untuk diratifikasi. Sedangkan bagi mereka yang kontra justru menganggap, Antroposen hanya gairah spekulasi yang tidak (...) dapat melepaskan diri dari sifat antroposentrisme. Terlepas dari perdebatan dan usaha ratifikasi Antroposen, artikel ini akan memberikan justifikasi ontologis bahwa manusia terlibat dan memiliki daya kausal atas konstelasi skala waktu geologi. Status manusia harus dilepaskan dari segala term antroposentrisme untuk dapat menjelaskan trajektori Antroposen yang bercirikan terra incognita, objek yang unik dan berpotensi secara kompleks dapat membentuk skala waktu geologi lain di masa depan. Selain geologi, Antroposen juga mulai mempengaruhi cara pandang ilmu non-geologi dalam melihat realitas. (shrink)

Artikel ini memaparkan perihal gagasan rasionalitas teknologis Herbert Marcuse dalam kerangka filsafat teknologi. Dalam perkembangannya filsafat teknologi Herbert Marcuse mengalami peluang kemajuan dan juga celah-celah kritik. Selain itu, rasionalitas teknologis sangat berpengaruh terhadap perang melawan strategi neo-liberal. Karena dalam rasionalitas teknologis memuat seluruh siasat kapitalisme dalam melakukan strategi seperti halnya membuka jalur demokrasi, memanipulasi media dan bahasa, serta menelurkan nalar positivistik dalam segala kegiatan kemanusiaan yang justru telah menyengsarakan seluruh aspek kehidupan. Perkembangan rasionalitas teknologis dalam lingkaran Teori Kritis, karenanya, masih (...) dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu teori yang berpeluang untuk menembus batasan-batasan ekstrim kehidupan masyarakat kontemporer. (shrink)

Social Media is part of contemporary technology that is the contentious subject matter within the society. It is paradoxical when social media should provide techniques and objects that serve human being in a positive way, but at the same time, it can dehumanize human being such as alienation. The main problem is because the lack of impact of public policy, which does not involve society in the democratic sphere. The article is about the possibility of democratization social media in the (...) discourse of philosophy of technology. I refer to Andrew Feenberg’s Critical Theory of Technology (CTT) for opening discourse and criticizing social media. Social Media should be changed by the critical view to analyze the internal contradictions in technocracy, which view social media merely as an instrument and value-free. In the other hand, CTT will lead into the discourse of instrumentalization theory, technological rationality, technical code and democratization of social media. I conclude this article by applying CTT to delineate extant approach and consideration of democratization of social media in Indonesian through critical thinking participation and emotional education in the public sphere. (shrink)

This article elucidates the neutrality of social media in the discourse of philosophy of technology. I prefer to Don Ihde’s postphenomenology and Andrew Feenberg’s critical theory of technology for opening discourse and criticizing the status of neutrality in social media. This article proves that social media cannot be neutral because there are internal contradictions in technocracy that view social media merely as an instrument. Through postphenomenology, social media becomes non-neutral because it has the relation intensionality between human and technology based (...) on four basic forms of technological mediation: embodiment relations, hermeneutic relations, alterity relations, and background relations. In another side, the critical theory of technology will be bringing discourse in instrumentalization theory, post-technological rationality, and technological democratization perspective. I conclude this article by describing social media users in Indonesia have to actualize in the democratization of the social media through active participation in the critical reasoning framework and sensitivity feeling in the public sphere. (shrink)

Berawal dari ketertarikan Ihde dalam melihat dunia-kehidupan yang telah berubah secara persepsional. Instrumen teknologis telah mentransformasi cara pandang manusia tentang dunianya. Memahami persepsional manusia, Ihde menggunakan fenomenologi instrumental untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pengalaman indrawi manusia secara intensional dan perseptual berekstensi lewat artefak teknologi.

Satu tahun terakhir, masyarakat Indonesia telah menyadari secara tidak langsung arti dari pentingnya kesehatan publik karena ancaman pandemi global Covid-19. Wacana tentang virus, satu eksistensi non-manusia yang tidak kasat mata tetapi memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap perubahan sosial-budaya masyarakat. Dunia seolah berhenti sebab telah memberikan jarak terhadap sesama perihal munculnya ancaman yang tidak pernah terpikirkan sebelumnya. Ironisnya, ancaman yang setiap hari kita hadapi seringkali terabaikan, yaitu ancaman kerusakan ekologis di epos Antroposen. Krisis Antroposen meliputi perubahan iklim dan pemanasan global yang (...) berdampak secara langsung terhadap wilayah regional maupun lokal dan ragam spesies di Indonesia. Lantas, bagaimana posisi pemahaman onto-epistemologis Pancasila terhadap ekistensi non-manusia seperti halnya lingkungan atau multi-spesies lainnya? Sebagai artikel gagasan konseptual, penelitian ini akan menganalisis secara filosofis bahwa kriteria onto-epistemologis Pancasila masih didominasi oleh pandangan Antroposentrisme atau manusia pusat segalanya sehingga perlu adanya tinjauan kritis terhadapnya. Adapun beberapa poin strategi yang tawarkan antara lain: Pertama, pendekatan de-antroposentrisme Pancasila diperlukan sebagai wacana alternatif untuk merekognisi eksistensi non-manusia. Kedua, rekognisi tidak cukup tetapi dibutuhkan afirmasi terhadap kondisi riil ekologis tanpa tergantung pada romantisisme Pancasila. Ketiga, perluasan pendidikan Pancasila terhadap masalah ekologis kontemporer dan tidak hanya sekedar menjadi menjadi ‘jargon’ identitas bangsa. Keempat, perlu adanya gerakan perubahan lingkungan untuk menguatkan kembali bahwa Pancasila dapat menjawab persoalan ekologis bangsa dan negara. Dengan demikian, artikel konseptual ini kemudian menjadi dasar bahwa di “Bumi” manakah Pancasila akan mengada jika bumi pertiwinya saja tidak dapat dihuni (unhabitable) oleh manusia Indonesia. (shrink)

This article examines the complex interactions between agriculture, farming, and the Anthropocene environment. It discusses the challenges facing modern agriculture as a significant contributor to land degradation and climate change related to the planetary boundaries scale. Criticism of current agriculture is the effort to approach a philosophical view in considering eco-agriculture as part of environmental ethics. The holistic resolution that aligns the sustainability orientation for future agriculture is necessarily needed by social and political transformative movement. Therefore, the result finds the (...) human moral value of land farming responsibility that agriculture is an ethical act requiring reflection at all planetary aspects, including food resilience, socio-economic changes, climate change adaptation, and natural preservation. (shrink)

The word ‘Anthropocene’ has been controversial scientific concept, to name a new geological epoch that situates ‘Anthropos’ or ‘Man’ as an actor changing geological structure, altering the Earth system, and also making in unpredictable planetary changes. Criticism of the Anthropocene is based on Holocene's formal ratification rather than the Anthropocene findings. In addition, this paper will argue a realism philosophical approach though that the Anthropocene is not merely scientific speculation. This paper provides an ontological justification for humanity’s causal power in (...) geological time based on Bhaskar’s critical realism and Graham’s speculative realism. This ontological turn will be a ‘new conceptual ground’ to define the Anthropocene without being imprisoned in ‘Anthropocentrism’ and will contribute to other fields, such as social sciences and humanities, to remake their understanding of the Anthropocene. Therefore, the result will be able to strengthen the Anthropocene ratification indirectly. (shrink)

This article explains neglected the ecological awareness during COVID-19 pandemic. The global community focused more on increasing public health awareness than reflecting and reviewing the forgotten space—the affected environment. The affected environment consists of the social and the natural environment. However, ecological awareness recognizes both. Added to that, the Anthropocene is a marker of ecological crisis and environment has become less habitable due to mass-anthropogenic activities in indirectly determining the notion of ecological awareness. Ecological awareness is essential for realizing a (...) new normal society based on transformative movement and adaptive change. This research uses a literature review and a philosophical approach to reformulate ecological awareness in the post-pandemic world. its idealization must recognize the diversity of ecological awareness in terms of social transformation. There are several cultural strategies to build ecological awareness. First, idealization level concerning concept or world-view toward ‘what is ecological awareness?’. Second, the formulation level for postpandemic ecological awareness formulation. Third, the real political movement oriented towards implementation. Therefore, the value of ecological awareness as a cultural strategy expects to recognize non-human existence, to avoid class discrimination and impartiality towards nature and society in the post-pandemic world. (shrink)

This article aims to provide an analytical description of Roy Bhaskar's epistemic fallacy and his critique of positivism and postmodernism. The research method uses literature study by referring to epistemology discourse, critical realism view, and the nature of epistemic fallacy. Epistemic fallacy accordingly is the anthropic fallacy because it contains inconsistency in the idea that the argument about being is to be investigated in terms of our knowledge of being. Critical realism finds reductionist and overlapping about what is and what (...) is to be. The epistemic fallacy has also issued several misconceptions, such as uniformitarianism, declining open system, and flat ontology. Therefore, since ontology cannot be reduced into epistemology, relativistic epistemology is part of the Critical Realism notion to overcome solipsism and naïve universalism. (shrink)

This paper aims to propose philosophical criticism toward 'classical' thinking on philosophy of technology. This set of thinking tends to be trapped in the distinction between subject-object and romantic-pessimisms on the existence of technological dominance. The authors objective is to provide comprehensive understanding through contemporary approaches in philosophy concerning technological mediation. The study employs factual historical analysis and philosophical reflection to understand technological mediation patterns. The result maps point of view that develops a metaphysical orientation of technological mediation in terms (...) of several approaches. Postphenomenological approaches technological mediation in a relational and intentional context rather than providing a subject-object distinction. Actor-network theory improves the asymmetrical relation of humans and non-humans. Simondon and Harman provide for ontological analysis of tools and technology in human relationships. Critical theory of technology opens the chance that technological relations are not only neutral-instrumental but have transformative and emancipatory power. Therefore, the technological mediation approach can become a new subject in the metaphysics of technology discourse in overcoming the limitations of the classical philosophy of technology. (shrink)

Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dewasa ini merupakan bukti dari pencapaian intelektual manusia. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan tidak semata-mata dibuktikan melalui wujud kemajuan “cepat-saji” dalam praksis kehidupan. Zaman sekarang segala hal mudah dicari dan didapat, mulai dari memesan online makanan hingga mengunduh referensi ilmu pengetahuan. Kematangan proses keilmuan tidak dapat terlepas dari berbagai lintas peristiwa historis revolusi ilmu pengetahuan.

The aim of our paper is to broaden the international discussion on environmentally friendly lifestyles. In most of the previous research, via a survey technique involving the self-nomination of participants, voluntary simplifiers are presented as part of a social movement typically connected with an urban environment. Our paper follows the third wave of longitudinal research conducted in the post-socialist Czech Republic in the years 1992, 2002 and 2015. The data were collected using in-depth interviews combined with observations in 20 voluntary (...) modest households. The biographical style of interview enables us to interpret the sources of the participants’ motivation for relocating to the countryside or staying in the urban environment as they interpret it retrospectively. Four dominant narratives emerged: 1) narrative of distaste for city life, 2) narrative of a nice life, 3) narrative about living in freedom, 4) narrative of a return to roots. (shrink)

This book focuses on Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, philosopher and controversial artist. It expresses the opinions of philosophers, museologists and artists, for whom Stanislaw Ignacy Witkacy's 130th birthday anniversary became an opportunity to view his works from the perspective of postmodernity. The authors concentrate on Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz as eminent and prophetic philosopher concerned about Western culture with its waning metaphysical feelings, master of gesture and poses, anticipating the postmodern theatricalization of life.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review critical emancipatory literature to identify a discourse that could be used to successfully customise generic Enterprise Resource Planning systems to particular user‐needs. The customisation exercise is posited in the context of contemporary society, which has to try to become more sustainable amidst uncertainty about the complex interrelationships between elements of the ecosystem. It raises new challenges for the customisation exercise, that of fostering the precautionary ethos and engaging realistically with complexity and uncertainty (...) inherent in emergent knowledge about ecological resilience.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that draws on published research papers to tease out political constructs which are vital for facilitating sustainable decisions.FindingsThis paper argues that the critical emancipatory influence on systems design has generated attempts to formulate socio‐ethical information systems. However, these systems are limited by their inability to engage with the politics of asymmetrical distribution of power, even though these systems rely on bottom‐up participation to change the status quo. Hence, it is suggested that systems design should learn from Gandhi's experiences in mobilising social reform to instil a precautionary ethos in the context of asymmetrical power relations. The discourse used to customise ERP should facilitate social learning about ecological resilience as it affects the capacity to reform in the interest of sustainable outcomes. It is proposed that the discourse be socially constructed on the vocabulary of integrated risk because it would enable management to take advantage of lived experiences and enhance the organisation's capacity to learn about formulating sustainable business practices.Practical implicationsThe recommended approach to identifying user‐needs is based on Gandhi's tried‐and‐tested approaches of mobilising bottom‐up participation in social reform.Originality/valueThis paper brings in Eastern philosophy into the predominately Western‐dominated systems design arena. Its value lies in its practical applicability to real‐world design challenges. (shrink)

Cieľom článku je nanovo reflektovať činnosť jednej z najslávnejších ženských filozofiek, Hip­parchie z Maróneie. Naším zámerom je ukázať, prečo sa stala v porovnaní s inými ženami antiky taká významná a v mnohom signifikantná pre ďalší vývoj procesu ženskej eman­cipácie. Hlavným svedectvom je pre nás fragment SSR V I 1 od Diogena Laertského, ktorý kladieme do súvislosti s ďalšími antickými správami o Antisthenovi a raných kynikoch. Dve hlavné témy Diogenovho svedectva sú Kratétova svadba s Hipparchiou a spor Hipparchie s Theodórom. Vo (...) výklade poukazujeme na momenty, v ktorých je filozofická osobnosť Hip­parchie nadčasová a inšpiratívna aj pre súčasnosť. (shrink)

Seminar papers; Study with special reference to Advaita philosophy of Śaṅkarācārya.

We study Fermat's last theorem and Catalan's conjecture in the context of weak arithmetics with exponentiation. We deal with expansions of models of arithmetical theories (in the language ) by a binary (partial or total) function e intended as an exponential. We provide a general construction of such expansions and prove that it is universal for the class of all exponentials e which satisfy a certain natural set of axioms. We construct a model and a substructure with e total and (...) (Presburger arithmetic) such that in both and Fermat's last theorem for e is violated by cofinally many exponents n and (in all coordinates) cofinally many pairwise linearly independent triples. On the other hand, under the assumption of ABC conjecture (in the standard model), we show that Catalan's conjecture for e is provable in (even in a weaker theory) and thus holds in and. Finally, we also show that Fermat's last theorem for e is provable (again, under the assumption of ABC in ) in “coprimality for e”. (shrink)

The paper attempts to introduce the Stoic concept of a deterministic universe and the centrality of the Stoic sage in it, using selected parts of Stoic philosophy (physics of the elements, psychology, causality and hierarchization of causes). The basic line of interpretation is to prove the thesis that the freedom of the sage is based on the autonomy of his manifestations justified by the sovereignly rational disposition of his soul. The author of the paper argues in support of the thesis (...) that akrasia as acting against the order of reason and nature is not possible in the Stoic sage. (shrink)

Commentary on Aṣṭāvakragītā, work on Vedanta philosophy; includes some passages in Hindi and text in Gujarati.

The aim of the paper is to shed light on the concept of cataleptic phantasy, which in Stoic fhiilosophy has been the kriterion of true knowledge. On the basis of original texts of Stoic fragments the author points out specific subjective and objective symptoms of its cataleptical chracter, distinguishing at the same time strictly between sensory ane non-sensory kind of Stoic phantasies. The author shows, that the way from a cataleptic phantasy to a cognitive content is not a straightforward one (...) and that it is the logical menaning that makes it possible. Thus the author inclines clearly to the rationalist interpretation of Stoic epistemology, which, contrary to sensualistic approaches, puts the stress on the importance of non-sensory cataleptic phantasy as the kriterion of true knowledge in Stoic Philosophy. (shrink)

Recently there has been a debate on whether Pyrrho’s philosophy could be influenced by Indian Buddhist philosophy. Discussions revealing striking similarities between them often point out Pyrrho’s complicated sentence, referred to as tetralemma, as one of the most striking similarities. The central question of this paper is whether Pyrrho’s sentence is of the tetralemmatic kind. Authors argue that if Pyrrho’s sentence is not fourfold in structure it could scarcely be classified as similar to the Buddhist tetralemma. A careful analysis of (...) the question is provided, arguing that the approach to the problem of tetralemmatic structure cannot be carried out solely on syntactic grounds. An aspect of a deeper philosophical meaning of the formula is applied, which alone enables us (if at all) to link Pyrrho’s philosophy to Buddhism. (shrink)

On the religious aspects of consumption (economics) in Islam.

Recently there has been a debate on whether Pyrrho’s philosophy could be influenced by Indian Buddhist philosophy. Discussions revealing striking similarities between them often point out Pyrrho’s complicated sentence, referred to as tetralemma, as one of the most striking similarities. The central question of this paper is whether Pyrrho’s sentence is of the tetralemmatic kind. Authors argue that if Pyrrho’s sentence is not fourfold in structure it could scarcely be classified as similar to the Buddhist tetralemma. A careful analysis of (...) the question is provided, arguing that the approach to the problem of tetralemmatic structure cannot be carried out solely on syntactic grounds. An aspect of a deeper philosophical meaning of the formula is applied, which alone enables us (if at all) to link Pyrrho’s philosophy to Buddhism. (shrink)

The paper gives an outline of the Socratic Cynic school and its influence on Stoicism. In its first part the author gives a general characteristics of Cynicism of the 4th century B. C., showing, that the Cynic movment was based on the presupposition of an absolute incompatibility of virtue with the laws of polis. From the doxographical materials available it shows the basic characteristics of the Cynic virtue, such as self-sufficiency, the importance of physical work, stressing the poverty, a new (...) approach to women and an ascetic way of life. The second part of the paper is devoted to the relationship between Cynicism and Stoicism itself. It tries to highlight the consequences of the stoic merging of physics and ethics for a new understanding of life according to nature. The author argues, that the theory of appropriation - allowing for a value differentiation of the sphere of the indifferent in Stoa - introduced by the stoics was decisive for a new understanding of this Cynical philosophers' challenge. In conclusion an interesting personality of a cynicizing Stoic-apostate Ariston of Chia is presented, whose coming back to Cynicism in the frame of Stoa could not bring about a consequent revival of the original - often radical and exhibitionist - views an practices of old Cynics. (shrink)

The paper tries to represent the polemic between the Stoics and the sceptically oriented Academy, concerning the abilities of human knowledge. It gives a brief account of the stoic epistemology on the basis of the characteristics of its criterion of knowledge – cataleptic fantasy. The description of the external and internal features of the latter is the ground of its criticism from Academy’s side. In its core this criticism tries to prove, that there is no fantasy meeting the strict claims (...) of the Stoics criterion on the truth. The author shows the stoic response to the Academy criticism, which initiated the revision of the original stoic attitudes. (shrink)

The paper deals with the role of assent and instinct in the process of cognition. The author shows, that the Stoic instinct is a dynamic aspect in the processes of cognition, decision making and action, its consequence being at the same time the assent, i. e. the approval of a given descriptive or prescriptive proposition as a true one. Tha paper wants to stress e remarcable rationalistic character of the Stoic epistemology - the only constitutive elemnent of the instinct is, (...) at least in early Stoicism, the rational capacity of the soul. The three Stoic levels of cognition: opinion, understanding and cognition are intoruced as related to various intensities of assent given to the particual meanings of the proposition. (shrink)

Critical analysis of the philosophy of death in Indic religions.

El presente libro es un trabajo de investigación conjunto del Departamento de Filosofía de la Universidad de Navarra y el Instituto K. J. Somaiya Bharatiya Sanskriti Peetham. Se trata de un estudio centrado en cinco filósofos que abarcan el período que va del siglo VIII hasta el siglo XVI; los filósofos estudiados pertenecen a la Escuela Vedanta cuyo objetivo principal es analizar la naturaleza del Ser Absoluto y sus relaciones con el universo increado de seres materiales y espirituales. La obra (...) pretende mostrar una parte de esa búsqueda de la verdad, a nivel teórico y práctico, que ha caracterizado la filosofía en el subcontinente indio. (shrink)

The Non-Native EFL teacher is most often the by-product of an educational system blamed for the language skills of its EFL learners. An EFL community such as Thailand is no exception. A canon of research into the need for enhancing the organizational competence of a learner in the L2 has been conducted and reported over several decades. In addition, empirical studies in pragmatics involving and benefiting the learner have gained ground in several ESL and EFL countries. However, the EFL teacher, (...) who is usually the chief facilitator in an EFL context, is marginalized both as a focus of research and in the development of their pragmatic skills in English. An unfair reason generally given is that adult learners have a sufficient stockpile of already acquired pragmatics knowledge in their L1, which would serve them as needed. Yet, as observed over the years this assumption is proving costly. The academic paper authored here, based on literature and a recent needs analysis, makes a case for the immediacy of including explicit instruction in pragmatics through professional development workshops in the Thai EFL context with the chief aim of empowering the Asian EFL teacher. (shrink)

This paper attempts to explore the concept of truth, human happiness and the related prob­lem of self-refutation in the philosophical viewpoint of the world by Pyrrho of Elis. I argue that according to the so-called metaphysical interpretation of Pyrrho, the reason for our radical incompetence when it comes to knowledge is not our cognitive inability to grasp the truth, but rather the very nature of things of the world. I provide an alternative philosophical interpretation which is based on a philological (...) conjecture in the preserved textual source. I then point out a surprising connection between this radical attitude and the achievement of human happiness, which constitutes the ultimate goal of Pyrrho’s philosophy. Finally, I pres­ent a possible solution to the problem of self-refutation, which is in a sense a challenge for radical Pyrrhonian agnosticism. By this paper, I endeavour to show how bizarre could be the image of the world viewed by the prism of radical skepticism of the early Pyrrhonism. Nev­ertheless, it is a world, wherein the philosopher vindicates his/her eudaimonia and defends the logical consistency of one’s own claims. (shrink)