The moral reinterpretation of Jesus conducted by Kant, Lessing and Feuerbach, is an interesting matter when it comes to the philosophy of religion. The abovementioned German philosophers claimed that Jesus ought to be understood only as a moral archetype and a revolutionist in morality. This concept arose on the grounds of moral religion which was one of the most interesting ideas of the Enlightenment. Thus, exploring this moral reinterpretation of Jesus is just an excuse to study the concept of moral (...) religion. Despite the fact that this idea is no longer current, it has immense influence on the contemporary philosophy of religion. Therefore, understanding the concept of moral religion can broaden the context of the contemporary discussion. (shrink)

Idea końca historii jest nośna filozoficznie i szeroko komentowana przez przedstawicieli wielu tradycji filozoficznych. W niniejszym tekście przedstawiamy, jak owa idea jawi się w filozofii postmetafizycznej, odwołując się do trzech jej reprezentantów: Gianniego Vattima, Odo Marquarda i Viléma Flussera. Mimo różnic, które występują w ich ujęciach końca historii, można także zauważyć pewien wspólny rys, związany głównie z rozumieniem historii jako metanarracji oraz z krytycznym stosunkiem do metafizyki.

Issues connected to the pair of notions of image and reality have been present in philosophy at least since Plato’s times. The main question that accompanies the mentioned notions concerns the relation between image and reality. Does image present reality adequately, or is it perhaps a sort of falsification? However, this question may have no sense, because, as it is claimed for example by Richard Rorty, there is no possibility to differentiate between image and reality. An interesting exemplification of the (...) mentioned issue is the philosophy of photography, where the question about representation takes the following form: does a photograph (as an image) adequately mirror given reality? The aim of this paper is to present the problem of representationalism and antirepresentationalism, first in the broad philosophical context (based on the example of Rorty’s considerations), and then in the field of the philosophy of photography (based on the example of Barthes’s and Flusser’s reflections). (shrink)