The proclamation of the encyclical Rerum Novarum by Leo XIII on 15 May 1891 gave rise to what is today called the social teaching of the Church, or more precisely of the Catholic Church, since Orthodox churches did not take up the subject and Protestant churches became occupied with social issues only in the last decades of the twentieth century. Experts agree that the proclamation of this encyclical is linked with the beginning of the social teaching of the Church. There (...) was no previous official social teaching, if we take social teaching to be a series of formal statements made by the Magisterium of the Church. At the end of the nineteenth century the Church witnessed radical political, economic and social changes, finding itself under various influences of the prevailing ideologies. The so-called „second industrial revolution" in economic life took place in 1870-1914. Rerum Novarum is commonly considered the beginning of the social teaching of the Church in its modern approach/ Until then the faithful were only warned of errors. (shrink)

Ogłoszenie encykliki Rerum novarum przez Leona XIII w dniu 15 maja 1891 roku dało początek temu, co dzisiaj nazywamy nauką społeczną Kościoła, ścisłej - Kościoła katolickiego, ponieważ Kościoły prawosławne nie podjęły tego tematu, zaś Kościoły protestanckie zajęły się problematyką społeczną dopiero w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach XX wieku. Istnieje ogólna zgoda specjalistów co do łączenia narodzin nauki społecznej Kościoła z ogłoszeniem tej encykliki. Przedtem nie istniał oficjalny nurt nauczania społecznego, w kształcie zamierzonego ciągu formalnych wypowiedzi Urzędu Nauczycielskiego Kościoła. Kościół pod koniec XIX (...) stulecia stal się świadkiem radykalnych przemian politycznych, gospodarczych i społecznych oraz znalazł się w sferze różnorakich wpływów dominujących ideologii. Życie gospodarcze weszło w okres tzw. „drugiej rewolucji przemysłowej", przypadającej na lata 1870-1914. Rerum novarum uważa się powszechnie za początek nauczania społecznego Kościoła w jego nowoczesnym ujęciu. Wcześniej jedynie ostrzegano wiernych przed błędami. (shrink)

Ogłoszenie encykliki Rerum novarum przez Leona XIII w dniu 15 maja 1891 roku dało początek temu, co dzisiaj nazywamy nauką społeczną Kościoła, ścisłej - Kościoła katolickiego, ponieważ Kościoły prawosławne nie podjęły tego tematu, zaś Kościoły protestanckie zajęły się problematyką społeczną dopiero w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach XX wieku. Istnieje ogólna zgoda specjalistów co do łączenia narodzin nauki społecznej Kościoła z ogłoszeniem tej encykliki. Przedtem nie istniał oficjalny nurt nauczania społecznego, w kształcie zamierzonego ciągu formalnych wypowiedzi Urzędu Nauczycielskiego Kościoła. Kościół pod koniec XIX (...) stulecia stal się świadkiem radykalnych przemian politycznych, gospodarczych i społecznych oraz znalazł się w sferze różnorakich wpływów dominujących ideologii. Życie gospodarcze weszło w okres tzw. „drugiej rewolucji przemysłowej", przypadającej na lata 1870-1914. Rerum novarum uważa się powszechnie za początek nauczania społecznego Kościoła w jego nowoczesnym ujęciu. Wcześniej jedynie ostrzegano wiernych przed błędami. (shrink)

The proclamation of the encyclical Rerum Novarum by Leo XIII on 15 May 1891 gave rise to what is today called the social teaching of the Church, or more precisely of the Catholic Church, since Orthodox churches did not take up the subject and Protestant churches became occupied with social issues only in the last decades of the twentieth century. Experts agree that the proclamation of this encyclical is linked with the beginning of the social teaching of the Church. There (...) was no previous official social teaching, if we take social teaching to be a series of formal statements made by the Magisterium of the Church. At the end of the nineteenth century the Church witnessed radical political, economic and social changes, finding itself under various influences of the prevailing ideologies. The so-called „second industrial revolution" in economic life took place in 1870-1914. Rerum Novarum is commonly considered the beginning of the social teaching of the Church in its modern approach/ Until then the faithful were only warned of errors. (shrink)

The proclamation of the encyclical Rerum Novarum by Leo XIII on 15 May 1891 gave rise to what is today called the social teaching of the Church, or more precisely of the Catholic Church, since Orthodox churches did not take up the subject and Protestant churches became occupied with social issues only in the last decades of the twentieth century. Experts agree that the proclamation of this encyclical is linked with the beginning of the social teaching of the Church. There (...) was no previous official social teaching, if we take social teaching to be a series of formal statements made by the Magisterium of the Church. At the end of the nineteenth century the Church witnessed radical political, economic and social changes, finding itself under various influences of the prevailing ideologies. The so-called „second industrial revolution" in economic life took place in 1870-1914. Rerum Novarum is commonly considered the beginning of the social teaching of the Church in its modern approach/ Until then the faithful were only warned of errors. (shrink)

Da entrambe le biografie risulta che A. A. Olizarowski fece gli studi umanistici completi a Nieśwież, depo di che, il 1 agosto 1629 entro nella Compagnia di Gesu. Compiuto il noviziato a Vilna negli anni 1629-1631, gli fiz fatto ripetere Tultimo anno degli studi umanistici nel seminario pedagogico a Połock. L'anno 1633 A. A. Olizarowski passo a Varsavia in qualita di lettore. Solo successivamente, dal 1634 al 1636 fece studi filosofici regolari nel collegio di Pułtusk. Tuttavia, prima di espletare il (...) triennio filosofico, verso la fine del mese di agosto 1636, A. A. Olizarowski lascio la Compagnia di Gesu, probabilmente in seguito a qualche torto, che gli sarebbe stato fatto durante uno degli esami nel corso degli studi. (shrink)

Da entrambe le biografie risulta che A. A. Olizarowski fece gli studi umanistici completi a Nieśwież, depo di che, il 1 agosto 1629 entro nella Compagnia di Gesu. Compiuto il noviziato a Vilna negli anni 1629-1631, gli fiz fatto ripetere Tultimo anno degli studi umanistici nel seminario pedagogico a Połock. L'anno 1633 A. A. Olizarowski passo a Varsavia in qualita di lettore. Solo successivamente, dal 1634 al 1636 fece studi filosofici regolari nel collegio di Pułtusk. Tuttavia, prima di espletare il (...) triennio filosofico, verso la fine del mese di agosto 1636, A. A. Olizarowski lascio la Compagnia di Gesu, probabilmente in seguito a qualche torto, che gli sarebbe stato fatto durante uno degli esami nel corso degli studi. (shrink)

L'attivita dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani durante il primo secolo della loro presenza in Polonia non si limitava, naturalmente, ad uno stretto cerchio dell’ambiente universitario di Vilna, anche se l’operato di questo centre educative, dal quale uscivano i futuri quadri politici e amministrativi dello Stato polacco-lituano, sarebbe gia di per se sufficientemente rappresentativo. Infatti, l’accrescere dell’interesse accademico per la questione sociale, registrato a Vilna, era di data posteriore rispetto all'attivita pratica, svolta su questo campo ormai da piu di 70 anni (...) ad opera dei gesuiti non impegnati direttamente airinsegnamento universitario o medio. Furono proprio loro a creare im clima che consent! ed ispirö sia la pubblicazione del trattato di MARCIN ŚMIGLECKI SJ, che gli scritti degli altri. Vi furono anche diversi documenti, emanati appositamente sia dai rispettivi Generali della Compagnia di Gesu a Roma, sia dai Provinciali locali, sia infine da Visitatori delle Province Polacca e Lituana della Compagnia. Detti documenti, insieme alle opere non filosofiche meritano d'esser presentati in questo articolo. (shrink)

L'attivita dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani durante il primo secolo della loro presenza in Polonia non si limitava, naturalmente, ad uno stretto cerchio dell’ambiente universitario di Vilna, anche se l’operato di questo centre educative, dal quale uscivano i futuri quadri politici e amministrativi dello Stato polacco-lituano, sarebbe gia di per se sufficientemente rappresentativo. Infatti, l’accrescere dell’interesse accademico per la questione sociale, registrato a Vilna, era di data posteriore rispetto all'attivita pratica, svolta su questo campo ormai da piu di 70 anni (...) ad opera dei gesuiti non impegnati direttamente airinsegnamento universitario o medio. Furono proprio loro a creare im clima che consent! ed ispirö sia la pubblicazione del trattato di MARCIN ŚMIGLECKI SJ, che gli scritti degli altri. Vi furono anche diversi documenti, emanati appositamente sia dai rispettivi Generali della Compagnia di Gesu a Roma, sia dai Provinciali locali, sia infine da Visitatori delle Province Polacca e Lituana della Compagnia. Detti documenti, insieme alle opere non filosofiche meritano d'esser presentati in questo articolo. (shrink)

“Przeglad Powszechny” first appeared in 1884, when the Jesuits in Krakow agreed to take over “Przeglad Lwowski” from Fr. Edward Podolski, who had been its editor. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the editors-in-chief of the “Przeglad” were Marian Ignacy Morawski SJ, Jan Pawelski SJ, Jan Urban SJ and Jan Rostworowski SJ. Thanks to their efforts and extensive prior editorial experience, “Przeglad” stood for a high level of quality, and was one of the most highly valued social (...) and cultural journals devoted to religious, philosophical, ethical, cultural, historical and political issues. The overriding aims set out by the editors of the review were the dissemination of properly Catholic principles of conduct and obedience to the Church. The article will present the social thought of the Jesuits as they appeared in “Przeglad Powszechny” from the time of its inception until the recovery of Poland’s independence. (shrink)

Civil Society in Poland. An Almost Personal Study.

`On Usury`, the treaty by Martin Smiglecki SJ, was the first strictly scientific attempt to show the economic and social background of the bourgeois and peasant social stratum in Poland and Lithuania at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. The author, being an excellent logician, expressed his views in a very precise way, limiting his technical language to a minimum, so that his treatise would be understandable to readers from a range of social positions and circumstances. Its careful (...) analysis of the socio-economic situation and clear formulation of its postulates enabled it to function, over the course of two centuries, as a practical manual imparting guidance to the ruling class as they sought to maintain a just and fair stance in their dealings with the burghers and peasants. Smiglecki’s ideas have become a reference point for many generations of professors of moral philosophy and folk preachers seeking to raise social issues in their own works. (shrink)

There have been many papers on the Jesuit relationship with the State and with the civil powers in the Western Countries. But there are no such elaborations concerning Poland. However, it was not a central aim, the Jesuits had to engage in the political situation of the country where they did His apostolic work though they did not commit themselves personally in the policy. The Jesuits had their own concept of the State and the state policy. And they showed great (...) caution in preparing the policy treaties in order to save impartiality. (shrink)