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    The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories.Stephen M. Garcia, Max H. Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor & Dale T. Miller - 2010 - Business Ethics Quarterly 20 (1):75-88.
    This paper explores the influence of social categories on the perceived trade-off between a relatively bad but equal distribution of resources between two parties and a profit maximizing yet unequal one. Studies 1 and 2 showed that people prefer to maximize profits when interacting within their social category, but chose not to maximize individual and joint profits when interacting across social categories. Study 3 demonstrated that outside observers, who were not members of the focal social categories, also were less likely (...)
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  2. Standard-Based Entitlement: How Relative Performance Disclosure Affects Pay Requests.Boris Maciejovsky, Gunyawee Teekathananont, Patricia Chen & Stephen M. Garcia - forthcoming - Journal of Business Ethics:1-16.
    The decision to disclose employee compensation has implications for workplace ethics, motivation, and performance. Pay transparency reduces pay disparity, fostering fairness, and ethical equity. Conversely, pay secrecy can maintain disparity but may drive increased effort. This study proposes a theoretical framework—standard-based entitlement—that explains the non-linear effects of pay disclosure. Our theory predicts that people’s compensation requests are not only a function of the information about their peers’ pay but also depend on individuals' proximity to the #1 ranking position (and other (...)
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