Definition of the problem: This article describes the communication structure concerning the problems of genetic engineering, in-vitro fertilization and the current debate about „genetic advisory”. Arguments: Proceeding from the social systems theory, two observation types are discriminated: 1st and 2nd orders, which occur here as critical and affirmative positions. The first term refers to specific operations of the social system of medicine, the second to communication of social movements. Neither perspective can deliver total rationality or unity, and the two positions (...) cannot be put together as one rational model. They have to be put into debate structures in order to learn from each other by reciprocal observations. Conclusion: Every kind of observation, taken in a communicative frame like this one, delivers a limited, but necessary contribution to the debate. System rationality will be possible only by coupling asymmetrical observations. This goal will, however, can only be reached, if the communication proceeds in a controversy based mode. This way, the difference between critical and affirmative positions cannot be „solved” but it can be used for further recognition. (shrink)

The present considerations discuss the systematic opposition between a practice of nonviolence to experienced social injustice and violent relationships. At the point, we see existential decisions about war and violence, there are signs of misconduct of responsibility waiver form – the Security Council unable to act, the protective effect for the affected people lapsed, the effectiveness of international law too weak. What emerges in this starting position, especially for the present considerations as a problem, is nothing less than the question (...) of a meaningful rule between legitimate power and illegitimate violence, hence a question that has a historical and a fundamental anthropological side. In the present case should be explicitly asked for the meaning of criteria of modern violence ability. The modern power capability opens up a complex and challenging task field. The historical origin and existential explosiveness are often overlooked. (shrink)