Best known for his contributions to the development of contemporary intersubjectivity theory, Bernard Brandchaft has dedicated a career to the advancement of psychoanalytic theory and practice. Continually searching for a theoretical viewpoint that would satisfactorily explain the clinical phenomena he was encountering, his curiosity eventually led him to the work of Heinz Kohut and the then-emerging school of self psychology. However, seemingly always one step ahead of the crowd, Brandchaft constantly reformulated his ideas about and investigations into the intersubjective nature (...) of human experiences. Many of the chapters in this volume have never before been published. Together, they articulate the evolution of Brandchaft's thinking along the road toward an emancipatory psychoanalysis. Moreover, commentary from Shelley Doctors and Dorienne Sorter – in addition to Bernard Brandchaft himself – examines the clinical implications of the theoretical shifts that he advocated and provides a contemporary context for the case material and conclusions each paper presents. These theoretical shifts, both clear and subtle, are thereby elucidated to form the grand narrative of a truly visionary psychoanalytic thinker. (shrink)

Det er muligens ikke lenger et spørsmål om, men når mennesker med Downs syndrom ikke lenger finnes blant oss. Moderne medisinsk teknologi brukt i masseundersøkelser av gravide, tilsier at det nesten ikke behøver å bli født mennesker med Downs syndrom i fremtiden. I den politiske debatten i flere av de nordiske landene er dette kontroversielt. Det handler om et samfunn der det er plass til alle, hevdes det. På samme tid tas moderne genteknologi i bruk for bl.a. å forhindre at (...) mennesker disponert for Huntingtons sykdom eller arvelig brystkreft blir født. Om noen generasjoner kan slike sykdommer være utryddet. Dette påkaller imidlertid ikke henvisninger til «sortering» og «seleksjon». I denne artikkelen undersøkes de viktigste forutsetningene for hvorfor fosterdiagnostikk på noen indikasjoner vekker etisk debatt, mens det ikke skjer i andre tilfeller. Det argumenteres for at den medisinske forståelsen av alvorlighetsgrad ved en sykdom/funksjonshemming ikke gir oss nøkkelen til å forstå den etiske bekymringen rundt seleksjon. Identitets- og anerkjennelsesproblematikk, hevdes det, er kjernen i kontroversene rundt fosterdiagnostikk i Norden. Derfor står det noe vesentlig på spill i fosterdiagnostikkdebatten. Men bare for noen grupper. (shrink)

From infancy, we recognize that labels denote category membership and help us to identify the critical features that objects within a category share. Labels not only reflect how we categorize, but also allow us to communicate and share categories with others. Given the special status of labels as markers of category membership, do novel labels (i.e., non‐words) affect the way in which adults select dimensions for categorization in unsupervised settings? Additionally, is the purpose of this effect primarily coordinative (i.e., do (...) labels promote shared understanding of how we categorize objects)? To address this, we conducted two experiments in which participants individually categorized images of mountains with or without novel labels, and with or without a goal of coordination, within a non‐communicative paradigm. People who sorted items with novel labels had more similar categories than people who sorted without labels only when they were told that their categories should make sense to other people, and not otherwise. We argue that sorters' goals determine whether novel labels promote the development of socially coherent categories. (shrink)

Controversies in food and agriculture abound, with many portrayed as conflicts between polarized viewpoints. Framing such controversies as dichotomies, however, can at times obscure what might be a plurality of views and potential common ground on the subject. We used Q methodology to explore stakeholders’ views about pesticide safety, agricultural worker exposure, and human health concerns in the tree fruit industry of central Washington State. Using a purposive sample of English and Spanish-speaking agricultural workers, industry representatives, state agencies, educators, and (...) advocates, participants sorted 45 statements on pesticide use and perceived human safety risks in the tree fruit industry in 2011. We used PQMethod 2.33 statistical software program to identify viewpoints, based on differences between how participants sorted the statements. The results revealed three distinct viewpoints among 38 sorters that explained 52 percent of the variance. The viewpoints included the: skeptics who expressed concern over the environmental and human health impacts of pesticide use; acceptors who acknowledged inherent risks for using pesticides but saw the risks as known, small and manageable; and incrementalists who prioritized opportunities to introduce human capital and technological improvements to increase agricultural worker safety. We then brought representatives with these different viewpoints together to analyze the results of the Q study, and to brainstorm mutually acceptable improvements to health and safety in tree fruit orchards. In describing and analyzing this case study, we argue that Q methodology can serve as one potentially effective tool for collaborative work, in this case facilitating a process of orchard safety improvements despite perceived stakeholder polarization. (shrink)

Moderne teknologi gir fantastiske muligheter for menneskelig formering. Mange som tidligere ikke kunne få barn, eller som fikk syke barn, kan nå hjelpes. Samtidig reiser mulighetene en rekke vanskelige moralske spørsmål, som ikke har enkle svar – ofte fordi de bunner i grunnleggende etiske motsetninger. Denne artikkelen gir en kort oversikt over de mulighetene som tre typer teknologier gir: assisterende, seleksjonsfremmende og egenskapsendrende teknologier. Deretter peker den på noen av de viktige moralske spørsmålene som disse teknologiene reiser i betydningen «Hvordan (...) bør teknologiene brukes»? Så stilles spørsmålet: Hvordan skal vi begrunne bruken? Dette spørsmålet peker på en rekke grunnleggende etiske utfordringer. Det er disse utfordringene som gjør at de moralske spørsmålene sjelden finner solide og stabile svar, men til stadighet blusser opp i til dels heftige offentlige debatter. I tillegg løfter artikkelen frem flere moralske spørsmål som er glemt eller gjemt. Spørsmålene som vi ikke stiller kan ofte fortelle oss like mye om oss selv og våre verdier, som de spørsmålene som drøftes eksplisitt. De moralske spørsmålene – samt de underliggende etiske utfordringene og de glemte spørsmålene – kan forklare hvorfor debattene ofte står på stedet hvil, og hva vi må jobbe med for å komme videre i drøftingene av moderne reproduksjonsteknologi. Vi synes å være teknologiske helter som er fremragende på teknikk, men elendige på etikk. Målet er å forhindre at vi blir tragiske helter som går til grunne på våre beste egenskaper. Nøkkelord: reproduksjonsteknologi, assistert reproduksjon, invitro-fertilisering, fosterdiagnostikk, genredigering, sortering, abortEnglish summary: Ethical challenges with newer reproductive technology Modern technologies provide fascinating opportunities for human reproduction. Many persons previously infertile, or who risked having diseased children, can now have healthy children. At the same time, these technological opportunities also raise a wide range of moral questions, which rarely have easy answers. One reason for this is that they are based on profound ethical challenges. This article sets out to give a short overview of three types of technologies: assisting, selective, and characteristic-changing technologies. It goes on to highlight some of the important moral questions raised by these technologies. The third part addresses the basic ethical challenges lurking behind the moral questions and debates. The fourth part addresses some forgotten or hidden questions, arguing that these are telling and important. The article ends with arguing that many of the basic ethical challenges and the unaddressed questions can explain why debates on reproductive technologies are so heated and static. We appear to have become technological giants, but ethical infants. Accordingly, we should try to avoid becoming tragic heroes succumbing to our very best abilities. (shrink)

La présente contribution se propose de réfléchir, à partir de l’exemple péloponnésien, au rôle joué par les références mythiques dans la représentation qu’élaborent d’elles-mêmes les cités grecques d’époque impériale romaine. Sans que soit négligé l’apport de l’archéologie, de la numismatique ou du texte de Pausanias, l’enquête s’appuie essentiellement sur les inscriptions honorifiques qui, même si elles s’inscrivent dans un cérémonial de la célébration publique, peuvent être considérées comme discours officiels, traces documentaires de la conscience de soi des cités. Dans le (...) jeu complexe des influences romanisantes et de la continuité hellénique, la question sera aussi posée de la portée spécifique que prennent les références mythiques et, pour mon propos, spécialement les figures héroïques doriennes, dans la définition des axes grec et romain de l’identité civique. Myth and civic identity in the Roman Peloponnese. In the present article, I explore how far mythical references are involved in the way the Peloponnesian cities define themselves during the Roman imperial age. Archaeological remains and numismatical material will be taken in account, but also Pausanias’ Description of Greece and mainly epigraphic texts, especially honorific inscriptions, which, despite their rhetorical phraseology, provide evidence of great interest for the study of self-definition in the cities of Roman Greece. Through a study of the relationship between Greek and Latin components of civic identity, I will try to make a reasonable assessment of the primacy of Dorian heroic characters, as revealed particularly throughout the Spartan epigraphic material, and I will ask whether this is to be understood as the expression of a distinct sense of Dorian self-consciousness. (shrink)

Perceived levels of belonging and frequency of disagreeing with local teaching were assessed in a sample of 404 lay members of the Anglican Church in England. Belonging and disagreeing were inversely related, although occasional disagreement was common even among those who felt entirely at home in their church. The power of individual differences and external factors to predict sense of belonging and frequency of disagreeing was tested using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Sense of belonging was strongest among people who, (...) in terms of psychological type, recorded high feeling and high judging scores, who were older, who attended church frequently, and who had low frequency of charismatic practice. Disagreement was most frequent among people who, in terms of psychological type, recorded high intuitive scores, who had experienced higher levels of education and who were in larger congregations. Belonging and disagreeing seemed to be related more to intrinsic and acquired individual differences than to external factors associated with congregations. (shrink)