This article documents and illustrates widespread patterns of abuse in American jails in general and for 9/11 Muslim detainees in particular. The purpose of this article is to illustrate that prison abuse depicted in the photographic images of the Iraqi prison is not an exception, rather it is an everyday experience for many prisoners in the US. While military guards of the Abu-Ghraib prison left clear evidence of their abuse, a lack of photos and documentation of abuses in American prisons (...) may reflect the guards' familiarity with concealing evidence. It does not imply, however, that abuse and torture is rare in American jails. (shrink)

The wedge problem, that is, the propagation of radiation or particles in the presence of a wedge, is examined in different contexts. Generally, the paper follows the historical order from Sommerfeld's early work to recent stochastic results—hindsights and new results being woven in as appropriate. In each context, identifying the relevant mathematical problem has been the key to the solution. Thus each section can be given both a physics and a mathematics title: Section 2: diffraction by reflecting wedge; boundary value (...) problem of differential equations; solutions defined on mutiply connected spaces. Section 3: geometrical theory of diffraction; identificiation of function spaces. Section 4: path integral solutions; path integration on multiply connected spaces; asymptotics on the boundaries of function spaces. Section 5: probing the shape of the wedge and the roughness of its surface; stochastic calculus. Several propagators and Green functions are given explicitly, some old ones and some new ones. They include the knife-edge propagator for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, the absorbing knife edge propagator, the wedge propagators, the propagator for a free particle on a μ-sheeted Riemann surface, the Dirichlet and the Neumann wedge Green function. (shrink)