In this paper I shall show that Kant's best anti-sceptical argument, found in the “Refutation of Idealism” — hereafter Refutation —, is not successful in debunking the sceptic. My strategy will be to argue that, although dependent upon transcendental idealism, the Refutation is inconsistent with it. In order to achieve this goal, I shall sketch, in section 1, the two main interpretations of Kant's idealism, namely, the ‘two world’ and the ‘two aspect’ theories. I shall maintain that the latter is (...) more in keeping with Kant's overall intentions in the Critique of Pure Reason. In section 2, I shall spell out the main points of the Refutation. In section 3, I shall argue that, in the context of the Refutation, the conception of the permanent as the pre-condition of any temporal sequence clashes with some of the main doctrines of transcendental idealism. Finally, in section 4, I shall follow some unsuccessful attempts to harmonise transcendental idealism with the Refutation. (shrink)

Este artigo visa mostrar que a crítica de Wittgenstein a Freud pode ser epistemologicamente útil para evidenciar algumas dificuldades teóricas da parte metapsicológica da psicanálise, em especial as observações insistentes de Freud de que a sua psicologia profunda deve ser considerada como uma ciência dos fenômenos psíquicos.This article seeks to demonstrate that Wittgenstein's criticism of Freud can be epistemologically fruitful to pinpoint some insurmountable theoretical difficulties in the metapsychological aspect of psychoanalysis, especially with regard to Freud's insistent remarks that his (...) deep psychology must be viewed as a scientific approach of psychic phenomena. (shrink)