Introduction. The introduction formulates the problem of abstract objects for the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, and metaphysics. Special attention is paid to the problem of reference. Theoretical analysis. The first section examines Linnebo’s proposed concept of abstract objects as “thin” i.e., not imposing substantial demands on the world. The second section is devoted to the criteria of identity as a special tool for introducing abstract objects into discourse. Linnebo interprets abstraction principles as a particular kind of identity criteria. They allow (...) fixing reference and ensuring its success. The third section presents metasemantic arguments used by Linnebo to justify the preference for a realistic interpretation of the semantics of singular terms. The fourth section criticizes Linnebo’s proposed mechanism of referential access to abstract “thin” objects. In our view, the metasemantic constraints proposed by Linnebo are insufficient to determine the uniqueness of the referent. An additional principle is necessary. Lewis’s “referential magnetism” can be considered as such, but it threatens the concept of “thin” objects. Conclusion. In conclusion, the strengths of Linnebo’s project are acknowledged. His interpretation better reflects how we actually use language. The importance of Linnebo’s theses and ideas for contemporary philosophy is noted. (shrink)

Introduction. In teaching foreign languages to Russian students there is a tendency of decreasing motivation in learning European languages because of changes in the geopolitical situation. The aim of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the changes in students’motivation to learn English at Petrozavodsk State University from 2019 to 2022. Theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign studies shows that low motivation to learn prevents students from achieving high results. The motivational sphere is infl uenced by (...) such objective and subjective factors as profession, age, gender, learning environment, and university curriculum. Empirical analysis. The study revealed two diff erent trends. If the future historians, political scientists, and social workers still show their interest in learning English for the purpose of self-education and self-realization, then among the students specializing in “Tourism” the decrease in motivation, caused by the reduction of opportunities to use English in their professional activities in the near future, was recorded. Conclusion. The authors conclude that the task of stimulating students’ interest in learning European languages in Russian universities and the search for new non-standard methods of teaching foreign languages does not lose its relevance. (shrink)

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of the main types of military identity of cadets. A new methodology for determining two types of military identity and assessing their significance is proposed as a toolkit. Theoretical analysis. Military identity, as one of the types of identity in the structure of a serviceman’s personality, is interesting to study not only through the prism of the main focus of his security responsibilities. A serviceman always acts as a part of military (...) staff, so military identity should also be studied through the relationship of his personality with the surrounding military team. Empirical analysis. The purpose of the study was to develop a new instrument for identifying and assessing this relationship in the structure of military identity. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the proposed instrument is characterized by a sufficient level of validity and reliability to identify and assess the two main types of cadets’ military identity. Conclusion. In the course of the study, two types of cadets’ military identity were identified: general military identity and identity with the military staff. It was confirmed that the proposed methodology is characterized by a sufficient level of validity, reliability and is a reliable diagnostic tool for determining and assessing the significance of the specified types of military identity. (shrink)

Introduction. The museum provides society with the opportunity for special interaction with space and time for the purposes of acquiring knowledge and the most complete assimilation of codes existing in culture and society. Theoretical analysis. Society’s perception of space and time in the museum will be examined and analyzed from the perspective of myth, which makes it possible to identify archetypal ideas of humanity that developed in ancient times and have largely not lost their infl uence on modern culture and (...) society. The methods of institutionalizing the activities of society, which originated in the past, passed from one era to another in a transformed form, while retaining some characteristic features and at the same time acquiring new ones that became necessary for existence in a diff erent sociocultural context. One of these characteristic features is the idea that space and time in a museum have profane and sacred dimensions. Conclusion. Space and time in the museum are a mirror not only of mythical motifs, but also of the dominant developments of the modern world. These fundamental principles concentrate all the most signifi cant features inherent in human communities for the purpose of their further transmission to society. (shrink)

Introduction. Atheistic literature insists that religious faith owes its origin to human ignorance. In its turn, this ‘ignorance’ of a person is closely connected with the ontological foundations of an institutional person determining the civilizational basis of his or her beingness. Theoretical analysis. Overcoming intellectual limitation the study of the ontological foundations of the formation of social being is now acquiring important scientific and socio-political signifi cance in the development of social space. Considering the existence of a person through the (...) category of an institutional person the philosophical concept of an institutional person involves diverse studies including both the analysis of the civilizational basis of the beingness of the social space and the living space of a person as mutually conditioned categories connected with historical tasks. Empirical analysis. Despite the perfect understanding of the laws of dialectics, the effect of the laws of the development of social being in the context of the tasks of history remains a poorly developed problem at the present time. Revealing the interdependence of the laws of self-organization and organization of being a new knowledge is born, and the civilizational basis of the beingness of an institutional person expands. Conclusion. The expanding possibilities of the civilization that has entered the space entail changes in the organization of social life. New meanings of an institutional person – a person of the universe system – are emerging. (shrink)

Introduction. For fifty years, the topic of artificial intelligence has remained leading within a wide range of scientific fields. Theoretical analysis. Preliminary analysis of the Scopus database results from a rating of publication activity, in which social sciences occupy insider positions along with computer sciences and some other areas. From the 60s of the past century to the present, there has been an exponential growth of scientific publications containing the label “artificial intelligence” in titles, abstracts and keywords. Empirical analysis. The (...) article attempts, based on elementary numerical indicators and qualitative content analytics, to identify trends in the subject of artificial intelligence in Western social sciences, the evolution of key research areas, as well as the main mythologies of scientific discourse. Conclusion. The research is preceded by the hypothesis: social sciences, owing to the specification of discourse and the subject spectrum, contain “naturalized” mythologems associated with other discursive practices and refractive scientific and technical interpretations of the subject of study. (shrink)

Introduction. The article is devoted to the phenomenon of symbiosis of the state apparatus of the Republic of Indonesia and Islam. Theoretical analysis. Throughout its independence from 1949 to the present, the State power and Islamic religious organizations have been in close symbiosis. The article highlights three stages in relation to Islam and the state. Empirical analysis. The first stage was the subordination of Islam to the state apparatus from 1975 to 1997. In 1975, the main coordinating body of Muslims (...) in Indonesia, the Indonesian Ulema Council (ISU), was established. The second stage is the period of struggle for influence in the state during the presidential term of Abdurahman Wahid (1998–2001), who was formerly the leader of the country’s largest Islamic organization Nahdatul Ulama (NU). The third stage of the relationship is a time of symbiosis of the Indonesian state apparatus and Islamic organizations. It began in 2005 after the speech made by the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on granting autonomy to the Indonesian Ulema Council. Conclusion. The religious and political situation in Indonesia is a unique phenomenon. Despite all the attempts of the democratic government to remove Islam from political and social decisions, it failed. (shrink)

Introduction. The article is devoted to consideration of the state of modern ontological thought. It is no coincidence that after Heidegger there is virtually no systematic consideration of the concept of being in philosophy. Does this mean that the problem of being has lost its relevance? Or does this indicate that the concept of being continues (albeit in a negative way) to determine the face of modern philosophy? The author proposes to consider the history of ontology through the sequential passage (...) of three stages: ”ontology of being” – ”ontology of the due” – ”ontology of declaration”. Theoretical analysis. At the first stage, the example of the four limitations of being according to Heidegger's point of view is considered: ”becoming”, ”appearance”, ”thinking” and ”due”. At the same time, the fundamental difference between what should be and the other three restrictions is pointed out. The origin of the ”due” from the normative-legal mindset is analyzed. Then a brief description of the fundamental differences of the “ontology of declaration” versus the “ontology of being” and the “ontology of the due” is given. It is indicated that the source of the emergence of the “ontology of declaration” should be seen in the works of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and its consistent development in the projects of object-oriented ontology. Conclusion. As a result, it is pointed out that a “declaration ontology” is not a “declaration of an ontology”. A preliminary forecast for the further development of the “ontology of declaration” is given. (shrink)

Introduction Themain topic of this article is the method of solving a fundamental problem of the relationship between a man and the world. The author proposes to accept the concepts of violence and freedom as such horizons of relations, because these concepts can be understood as main plots of human conscious life. They also may be the sides of the dialectical confrontation. The present study uses the onto-hermeneutic method combined with a historico-philosophical analysis. Theoretical analysis In the course of work, (...) we considered and made clear the concepts of questioning and inquiring, of liberty and freedom, and of violence. Special attention will be paid to clarifying the acceptance of conditions of some question as a fundamental problem. Among them there are: the necessity of occurrence, conditionality of perception for consciousness from the pattern of consciousness, dependence of the way of life on the manner of asking and solving this question. The author claims that the question of the correlation between violence and freedom is a fundamental problem of human activity. During this clarification, the concepts of violence and freedom are explicated in the works of K. Marx and F. Engels, G. V. Plekhanov, B. Spinoza, and Aristotle. Conclusion. In the course of meditation the author offered a number of interconnected definitions of freedom and violence, and concluded on the need for recognizing violence as a systematic phenomenon of social reality. Violence pervades all history of humanity, and can bereflected in the history of thinking and art. (shrink)

Introduction. Advances in digital technology lead to the tendency to adjust the modern education system under the algorithms of artificial intelligence. In this regard the special relevance is acquired by a research of those aspects of human thinking which are not amenable to modeling in artificial intelligence systems. Theoretical analysis. In the concepts of the XX–XXI centuries eidos is transformed into a dynamic pattern. Patterns, unlike eidos-forms of ancient philosophy, fi x not a static, but a dynamic form of a (...) reproducible motion configuration. Patterns, like Plato’s eidos, are indivisible integrities that are not reduced to discrete elements of discourse. It is justified that the eidos configurations are formed not at the macro level of the gestalt, but at the micro level of the bit. The primary “not indifferent differences” of the bits of human intelligence are modifications of the initial organism dichotomy “organism – environment” (“inside – outside”, “inclusion in – ejection from”), differing from the bits of the binary code (1–0) of digital technology. Conclusion. It is concluded that the basic gestalts of creative thinking (“figure – background”) is not a secondary “emergent” quality of integrative integrity, but an elementary and irreducible “primary quality” of human intelligence bits. (shrink)

Introduction. The article analyzes the psychological state of the modern Yakut society as a part of the Russian society using a composite index. The possibilities of composite indices developed within the framework of macropsychology have not been fully disclosed to date. Theoretical analysis. The paper proposes to consider the composite index of the psychological state of society from the point of view of a systematic approach. The basis for this is the understanding of individual subjects as a part of the (...) Russian macro-community. The analysis is based on data from 93 subjects of the Russian Federation according to official statistical data. Empirical analysis. The results show that the dynamics of indicators of Russian society as a whole is more stable in comparison with the dynamics of indicators of Yakut society. The primary indexes of modern Yakut society have their own unique explanation, which does not coincide with generally accepted interpretations. Conclusion. When interpreting the value of the composite index, it is necessary to take into account both the actual external factors affecting it and its conditionality with traditional culture and living conditions. It is revealed that the composite index of the macro-community as an index of a higher level has a great generalizing potential. (shrink)

Introduction. Modern social challenges make it necessary to adapt the individual to rapidly changing conditions. The concept of generalized readiness of the individual is proposed as a socio-psychological construct that contributes to the effectiveness of such adaptation. Theoretical analysis. The article discusses domestic and foreign works describing the phenomenon of readiness, as well as constructs similar in content: vitality, resilience, tolerance to uncertainty. A comparative analysis of these concepts is carried out. The concept of generalized readiness is proposed as an (...) attitude that presupposes a predisposition to certain social behavior and includes cognitive, motivational, emotional-volitional and behavioral components. The necessity of introducing the construct of generalized readiness for a wide range of social situations is substantiated, which represents a personal resource that helps to cope with situations of social challenge, uncertainty and maintain self-efficacy in changing conditions. The main content characteristics of a person’s generalized readiness are described. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to formulate a definition of generalized readiness as a system of formed attitudes focused on effective life activity in conditions of uncertainty, manifested in a situation of interaction with Others, taking into account existing experience, self-esteem, ideas about one’s own competence and self-efficacy. (shrink)

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to carry out a socio-philosophical analysis of the scientific heritage of researchers of the concept of the “life path of a personality”, to systematize the material, as well as to create a foundation for a socio-philosophical understanding of this category. Theoretical analysis. The article identifies three dimensions through which the concept under study is presented: everyday, artistic and scientific. Their specificity is determined, as well as the existing difficulties in their relationship. The main (...) concepts of S. Buhler, S. L. Rubinstein, B. G. Ananyev are analyzed to identify significant elements of the socio-philosophical understanding of the category. Conclusion. The research uses the potential of social philosophy to comprehend the experience of scientists who have consolidated the concept of a life path in scientific discourse, as well as laid the foundation for its further understanding. Seven grounds were identified: scientific justification, integrity of the path, dynamics and consistency, heterogeneity of direction, points of beginning and end, the subject of the path, socio-historical context. The identified elements in the author’s positions allow us to talk about the chosen phenomenon from the point of view of consistency. The results obtained will allow us to continue the socio-philosophical study of the concept of the life path of a personality, which can serve as a basis for ensuring the stability of the personality of being in modern conditions. (shrink)

Introduction. The article examines the archetypal images of the leader, reveals the concept of the archetype of the leader, shows the image of the leader in the context of different historical and cultural epochs. Theoretical analysis. The analysis of key sources on the topic was carried out, the theory of the archetype and the collective unconscious of K. Jung was chosen as the methodological basis of the research. The author also gives the comparative analysis of leadership archetypes and modern ideas (...) about the archetypes of leaders based on the own typology of leadership styles and V. G. Turkina’s approach to the analysis of the archetypes of the modern hero-leader through the prism of key parameters of mass society. Conclusion. Of particular importance for understanding the content of leadership are the key archetypes of analytical psychology (anima, animus, shadow, self). The author comes to the conclusion that leadership is perceived at all times and among different peoples from common positions: leaders appear in the images of a superman (deity), ruler, hero, sage, transformation. These images can be considered archetypal. Modern images of leadership generated by socio-economic progress and the peculiarities of mass culture, mass production and consumption correlate with the primordial images of leaders, but reflect the current state of society. These are the archetypes of the Achiever, Inspirer, Bureaucrat, Organizer, Team (Project) Leader and Expert. (shrink)

Introduction. In the modern educational situation, it becomes relevant to search for and implement effective practices that can become an alternative to traditional methods of transmitting knowledge and forming the skills of preschoolers. These include design that motivates the cognitive activity of children and increases the educational potential of the pedagogical process. In this regard, the expediency of providing methodological assistance to educators in overcoming the deficit of competencies in the design of educational practices is substantiated. Theoretical analysis. When substantiating (...) the model of methodological support, an analysis of theoretical approaches to this problem was undertaken, which made it possible to identify priority forms of cooperation between the methodologist-mentor and teachers: mentoring, tutoring, and coaching. The results obtained give grounds to conclude that it is necessary to create conditions for teachers to master the practices of designing the educational process. Conclusion. In order to build an effective system of support for creative endeavors, both for an individual teacher and for the entire teaching staff, it is important to take into account their readiness to participate in transformations; possess the ability to react quickly and rebuild models of methodological support depending on current conditions. Consideration of the problem made it possible to prove the relevance of the proposed model of methodological support for the design of educational practices in achieving qualitative transformations of pedagogical activity. (shrink)

Introduction. The image of Napoleon III in philosophical thinking of Chernyshevsky is important for the characterization of ideological struggle in the nineteenth century. Theoretical analysis. From his student years, Chernyshevsky followed the political career of Louis Bonaparte, noted his successes and personal traits. During the Second Empire in France, Chernyshevsky criticized Bonapartism, put forward an explanation of the reasons for its temporary triumph. He mentioned the worship of the peasantry before the glory combined with a famous name, the fear of (...) anarchy and the erroneous calculations of the warring camps. The article shows how Chernyshevsky’s analysis of Bonapartism is related to the theoretical principles proclaimed in his main philosophical works. Just as Chernyshevsky himself, Napoleon III tried to rely on the theory of progress, but at the same time he assigned an important role to the government in the process of moving of society towards a better future. His ideal is an empire symbolizing order and power. Conclusion. In fact, Chernyshevsky and Napoleon III defended two diametrically opposed concepts of progress. They disagreed, first of all, on the question of how the true interests of the nation should be understood. In the question of the vitality of the empire, Chernyshevsky obviously turned out to be right. (shrink)

Introduction: the relevance problem of differentiating modes of prosocial behavior is substantiated and the main goal is determined: to identify differences in the recognition and experience of modes of prosocial behavior among psychology students and the role of subjective well-being of the person in them. Theoretical analysis of compassion and kindness made it possible to formulate a hypothesis: the empirical referents of distinguishing between the prosocial scenario of kindness, associated with concern for the future of the Other and the activation (...) of his psychological resources, and the scenario of compassion, aimed at reducing the negative experiences of the Other by providing one’s own resources, are actualized emotions, and the facilitator is the current level of subjective well-being of the person. Empirical analysis. Participants: psychology students (N = 76; M = 24.4; SD = 9.5). Methods: Kindness and Compassion Script Scale (P. Gilbert et al.); Kindness modes technique (D. E. Youngs et al.); Methods of diagnostics of subjective well-being of the person (R. Shamionov, T. Beskova). Conclusions: differences were identified in the recognition of prosocial scenarios of kindness and compassion; emotional markers have been identified that allow them to be differentiated; differences were found in the indicators of subjective well-being of participants with different abilities to recognize kindness and compassion, and a significant connection was established between compassionate kindness and the components of subjective well-being. The results can be used in the educational process for developing the professional competencies of psychology students through training in the practices of mindfulness, compassion, and self-care. (shrink)

Introduction. The development of digital technologies requires the specification of the type of the emerging digital society. One of the development scenarios is the formation of a digital society of swarm intelligence. Theoretical analysis. The concept of swarm intelligence means an optimization algorithm that imitates the behavior of swarms or colonies of insects and bird flocks. Human society is characterized by the manifestation of swarm intelligence as a condition of joint organized activity, but the development of digital technologies brings swarm (...) intelligence to a higher level. Creation of private swarms causes risks in the form of “Byzantine robot” – a hacked particle of the swarm, transmitting false information and jeopardizing the whole swarm. The solution is to incorporate elements of the economic game that support the values of honesty, cooperation and solidarity into the particle interactions. This leads to making privacy a “process” and changing its value status. Protecting privacy in swarm intelligence society has the potential to cause labor to lose its public status and acquire a private, hidden status and anonymize employment. Conclusion. The possible scenario of human society development towards the digital society of swarm intelligence can become a source of profound social changes and, above all, a rethinking of the social stratification based on the division of labor and social hierarchy in general. (shrink)

Introduction. At present, with the priority of education in the country’s public policy, it is important to analyze existing approaches to the categories of methods and forms of education. Theoretical analysis allows us to see contradictions in the interpretation of these concepts. Comparative analysis makes it possible to identify significant guidelines for the teacher in choosing methods and forms of education in working with children, and to highlight the most significant positions. Consideration of the problem made it possible to identify (...) various approaches to the definition of forms and methods of education, and the basis for their classification. Conclusion. The grounds for choosing methods and forms of upbringing are highlighted: the activity of the child himself, the manifestation of his subjective qualities in activities, communication in the definition and manifestation of an independent position; the interaction of a teacher with children should be of a value-semantic nature; communication with pupils and forms of interaction with them should stimulate the processes of self-education and self-development, self-awareness and self-attitude, self-realization and self-regulation; the use of methods and forms of education is important for collective formation, the formation of ties and relationships between pupils, the teacher and children, the manifestation of the common goal of joint life. (shrink)

Introduction. The article reveals some methodological aspects of the phenomenological discussion of the personal subject. The dispute is caused by realistic tendencies in phenomenology, according to which the totality of properties of a thing allows us to assert the existence of their ontological basis, which is contained in the essence of the thing. In the case of a human being, such ontological foundation is the soul, which determines the basic characteristics of the personality that exist prior to any constitution. Theoretical (...) analysis. The article argues for the contradictory nature of such concepts by appealing to M. Heidegger’s method of work. Firstly, justification is associated with the absence of obvious givenness of any essence within immanent perception, secondly, ontological categories of the structure of the personal subject are a tribute to the previous philosophical tradition, not its criticism, and thirdly, postulation of the ontological basis of properties continue the naturalistic explanation of natural sciences. Conclusion. A conclusion is made about the closeness of Heidegger’s method of philosophising to the original beginnings of phenomenology, as well as to the requirements of the phenomenology of the spiritual world set out in the second volume of Husserl’s "Ideas". The hypothesis is put forward according to which further study of the personal subject can be continued beyond the framework of substantialist concepts. (shrink)

Introduction. In the realities of modern society experiencing the processes of globalization and informatization, there is an increasing demand for young professionals with the skills and abilities to analyze large amounts of information, able to make decisions based on data effi ciently and quickly. Theoretical analysis. This article discusses the main features of the implementation of the analytical activity of the teacher. One of the key components of a teacher’s professional competence is analytical activity, which allows to analize, predict and (...) evaluate the results of their work, as well as quickly respond to changes in the educational environment. Interpretations of the concept of “readiness” were analyzed, and the essence and structure of the readiness of future teachers for analytical activity were revealed. The novelty of the work lies in the revision of the structural components of the teacher’s readiness for analytical activity, corresponding to modern requirements of educational standards. The necessity of training specialists with the skills and abilities to work with data and information technologies is emphasized. Conclusion. The conclusion is formulated, according to which the formation of the future teacher’s readiness for analytical activity is a necessary factor of his or her successful professional activity, which can be carried out through the use of simulation modeling software in the educational process. (shrink)

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the state and ethnic group, state and ethnic identity. It reveals the mechanisms of state formation based on the development of cultural baggage created within the framework of the ethnic communicative space. Theoretical analysis. One of the distinctive features of modern states is the complex nature of the identities that comprise their citizens. The article shows in what ways and due to what the president of the state asserts (...) the beginning of the state. On the one hand, the state is trying to bring in the best examples of ethnic culture. On the other hand, it seeks to use the possibilities of new types of identity in its manifestations (digital identity). Materials borrowed from other types of identity are improved and adapted to the situation of their use in the process of development. They tend to be integrated into modern mass culture. In the process of development of the state, there is a change in the balance of “I” and “We” identities towards strengthening individual identity. The state is trying to counter this. Conclusion. The state uses ethnic communicative space and ethnic identity as a source of borrowing valuable plots, historical characters, and holidays. It also seeks to attract to its side ethnic activists who are the carriers of this information. (shrink)