Abstract

This article deals with the importance of the text of Rm 5, 12 for S. Augustine and his initial development of the doctrine of original sin. It examines the way in which this doctrine, based upon Augustines reading of Paul’s verse, became subject to hotheaded debate in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially for the discussion on the relationship between nature and grace, within the baianist controversy. It deals also about the revived discussions on this very subject in the twentieth century.