Leibniz y el Concepto de Organismo Vivo

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 66 (1):41 - 50 (2010)
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Abstract

Promotor determinado del mecanismo de los modernos contra Stahl, Leibniz va a tender a inscribir o a reinscribir el análisis del organismo vivo bajo las exigencias generales de una ciencia de los fenómenos bien fundados. Ciertamente, el filósofo de Hannover define la especificidad de un concepto de organismo que desarrolla en paralelo ai de Stahl. Así el organismo supone siempre un cuerpo complejo que representa estructuras y dispositivos funcionales integrados. Pero el cuerpo, verdadera máquina de la naturaleza de invención divina sobrepasando infinitamente en astucia las máquinas de fabncación humana, se sitúa bajo la dependencia sustancial de un alma dotada de funciones específicas que responde a las operaciones mecánicas complejas representadas en y por el cuerpo propio. Es decir, que no podría haber formalmente un organismo sin entelequia, entelequia que toma la forma de una mónada hegemónica en las versiones últimas de la doctúna. Ahora bien, como Leibniz lo hace valer en su Animadversiones circa assertiones aliquas Theoria medica vera (1709), el análisis de las máquinas de la naturaleza debe resultar integramente de la inteligibilidad de los modelos geométríco-mecánicos, so pena de que contravenga al principio de razón suficiente. Determined to defend the validity of the new mechanical philosophy against Georg Ernst Stahl's vitalist claims, G. W. Leibniz set out to demonstrate how living organisms too could be regarded as instances of well-founded phenomena of nature. Stahl and Leibniz developed two different notions of organism around the same period of time. Both Leibniz and Stahl looked at organisms as unified systems of structures and functions. For Leibniz, though, a living body remained a true machine of nature that, having been devised by God, was infinitely superior to any machine produced by human science. Leibniz argued that a living body was an expression of the soul, in the sense that the soul, viewed as both entelechia and dominant monad, represented to itself all the mechanical operations of the body. In his Animadversiones circa assertiones aliquas Theoriae medicae verae (1709), Leibniz was able to show, against Stahl, that all organic bodies as machines of nature, in order not to contravene the principle of sufficient reason, were bound to the universal laws of geometry and mechanic

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