The relevance of the chosen topic of the article is determined by the need to improve the system of educational activities in postmodernism. The article provides a theoretical analysis of developments on the topic, substantiates axiological perspectives of educational activities in postmodern philosophy, gives a description of axiological areas of academic activity in postmodern philosophy; the main directions of the philosophy of education in the epoch of postmodernism are determined; the vision of a new paradigm of education in the works (...) of researchers and scientists is presented. The article analyses the understanding of the problems of education in the European philosophical and pedagogical tradition of the XX-XXI century, gives a brief overview of systematic works on the philosophy of education of prominent Western researchers of these problems, taking into account their proposed educational values. Based on the analysis, the article's author concludes that it is necessary to critically review several traditions for the philosophy of education and the choice of approaches in understanding the values of modern education. The article's author notes the emergence of new axiological paradigms of education in the philosophy of education of the late XX - early XXI century, associated with the development of cultural-centric and global-historical trends in philosophy. (shrink)

This article analyzes several essential aspects of L. S. Vygotsky’s manuscript Konkretnaya Psikhologiya Cheloveka and related works that have to do with his—unreal...

У статті досліджено концепцію міфу у працях М. Еліаде. Визначено, що М. Еліаде розглядає міф як невід’ємний структурний компонент реальності культури, відмежовуючи його від «несправжніх» оповідей. Надана характеристика основних складових частин міфу у працях М. Еліаде. Доведено, що, згідно з концепцією М. Еліаде, міф повертає людину до витоків світу, відповідає її екзистенційним запитам, надає людині необхідні паттерни поведінки. Відзначається, що навіть після процесів деміфологізації, міф, яким його бачить румунський мислитель, продовжує відігравати ключову роль у житті людини, оскільки сприяє створенню важливих (...) традицій, політичних та релігійних течій, літературних творів і витворів мистецтва, а на індивідуальному рівні проявляється у вигляді фантазій та сновидінь. (shrink)

У статті аналізуються шляхи формування екзистенціально-смисложиттєвих орієнтацій віруючих пізньопротестантських конфесій. Висвітлюються особливості екзистенціальних ситуацій в процесі цього формування. Порушено проблему, пов’язану з генетично-прогностичним аналізом пізньо-протестантських конфесій, що допомагає встановити картину їхнього розвитку. У вітчизняному науковому просторі немає напрацювань, які б безпосередньо пов’язувалися з екзистенціально-смисложиттєвими орієнтаціями представників згаданих конфесій. Автор доводить, що бажання уникнути смерті як стану цілковитого знищення націлює віруючого на формування екзистенціально-смисложиттєвих орієнтацій, які допомагають здійснити своє спасіння завдяки конкретним вчинкам, власній життєорганізації, що вимагають строгого дотримання віри та моралі.

Mykhailo Drahomanov was an outstanding scientist, philosopher and leader of Ukrainian national movement in the second half of the 19th century. He has communicated actively with the Eastern-Galician intellectuals in the fields of polical and cultural affairs during more than two decades. One of main directions of cooperation there were contacts in the sphere of inlightening. The most fruitful stage of M. Drahomanov's participation in educational life of Eastern Galicia is related to activity of Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party, which was founded (...) in 1890. First of all M. Drahomanov has became an author of row of works for people. These were the articles for radical periodical "Khliborob" and the series of brochures. The only idea of scientist's popular heritage was the conception of human rights and freedoms - the social, political, national and religious ones - and the struggle for them. The leading members of RURP - S. Danylovych, I. Harasymovych, M. Pavlyk, K. Tryliovskyi, I. Franko, R. Yarosevych - helped M. Drahomanov for realization of his ideas, published and distributed his works among the Galician peasants. M. Drahomanov's popular heritage has been reprinted during the period of the late 19th - the first one third of 20th centiries not only in the Western-Ukrainian lands. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the S. Gogotskomu, outstanding Ukrainian philosopher. Proceedings Gogotskogo played a crucial role in spreading the philosophy of I. Kant in Ukraine.

This article is focussed on the study of a particular case of shift in religious values embodied in two seventeenth-century North Indian compilations of hagiographical narratives, elaborated within...

In the article, author criticizes some points made by S.M. Gavrilenko regarding the status of historical epistemology and other social and humanitarian disciplines. Here the author relies mainly on the French tradition of historical epistemology, as well as emphasizes the need to keep clear the disciplinary boundaries between epistemology, philosophy of science, history and sociology of science.

This article is dedicated to understanding the nature of conscience, its essential manifestations and features. Conscience is the “core” of a person’s moral life. The conscience acts activate and accumulate the internal energies of the person, which help him/her to be fully connected with the world and to carry out a thorough evaluation of both his/her actions and Others. Therefore, the phenomenon of conscience is inextricably linked to the freedom of a person and his/her efforts to exercise himself/herself as a (...) Human, to find his/her own inner voice. Despite its intimacy, conscience never closes within the limits of individual existence, but has unconditional openness to the world, is a keen awareness of responsibility for our actions. Conscience is a testament of the fact that, at a deep level, we are rooted in, and inextricably linked to, one Reality. As a result of critical analysis, it is argued that conscience emerges as an internal potentiality of a person, a continuous process of self-determination and formation. Conscience is dialectic in nature, combining internal/external, individual/social, subjective/objective, rational/irrational aspects. The complexity of the phenomenon is manifested in the attempts to symbolically identify it as Call, Witness, Demon, Worm, Judge, etc. Conscience is impossible outside the dialogue of the person with himself/herself and Others, because in the communication process the inner growth and formation of the person take place. Conscience defines a “coordinate system” within which a person’s life moves and divides the line between Good and Evil, Real and Ideal, Existent and Desired. Accordingly, conscience is ideal in essence and is an indispensable structure of human consciousness, linked to the boundary questions of a person regarding his/her own nature. (shrink)

У статті на основі аналізу ролі загальнологічних методів та аналізу принципів причинності, інваріантності, збереження, симетрії та спостережуваності розкривається методологічний зміст об’єктивності. З’ясування філософського, зокрема онтологічного, змісту цих принципів стає основою їх регуляторної ролі в науковому пізнанні. Обґрунтовано релевантність принципу об’єктивності типу наукової раціональності. Показано релевантність принципу об’єктивності сучасному стану методологічної свідомості певної науки. Досліджено еволюційний вимір релевантності об’єктивності знання науковій раціональності. Показано значення суб’єктного виміру у функціонуванні методологічних трендів у сучасній науці. Суб’єктний вимір розкрито як когнітивний вимір виробництва знання. З’ясовано (...) його значення для становлення науки як когнітивної системи. (shrink)

У статті з позицій холістичого підходу на основі сучасних досягнень когнітивної науки висвітлюється когнітивна активність особистості. Показано обмеженість редукції когнітивної активності особистості до функціональних аспектів обробки інформації. Проаналізовано інформаційний і гетерофеноменологічний підходи до когнітивної активності особистості. Розглядається також когнітивна активність особистості в локусі пам’яті. Це дає можливість перейти від розгляду когнітивної активності як об’єкта моделювання, теоретичного та методологічного реконструювання до розробки її як основи відтворення цілісності й тотожності особистості самій собі в часовому вимірі.

У статті розглядається застосування репрезентацій у методологічній реконструкції еволюції систем знання. Доведено, зокрема, що перехід від лінгвістичного до когнітивного повороту в науці зумовлений запровадженням ментальної репрезентації. Проаналізовано різні напрями в її доcлідженні. З’ясовано, що вона постає як складова психічної реальності та її моделювання в науці. Перехід до методологічної реконструкції в еволюції систем знання вимагає розгляду репрезентації. Досліджено можливість застосування менталістських і феноменологічних розробок репрезентації у формах об’єктивного наукового знання. Показано, що в системах об’єктивного знання потрібно розглядати репрезентацію у вигляді ідеалізованої (...) предметності знання. Вона являє собою результат когнітивної активності людини у вигляді способу постання об’єкта в знанні. Запровадження ідеалізованої предметності дає змогу ввести в розгляд новий вид детермінації. Досі приділяли увагу детермінації об’єкта у знанні та її філософсько-категоріальним засадам. Ідеалізована предметність виявляє внутрішній вимір знання. Це дає можливість глибше розкрити відмінність знання від об’єкта й від ментальних станів суб’єкта. Досліджено еволюцію систем способу подання, представлення об’єкта в знанні на різних етапах розвитку наукової теорії. (shrink)

У статті розглядається введення когнітивного аспекту в дослідження комунікації. Обґрунтовано необхідність введення поняття «когнітивна комунікація». Показано, що когнітивна комунікація поєднує інформаційну та когнітивну взаємодії. Розробка когнітивної комунікації спирається на сучасні когнітивні дослідження. Когнітивні дослідження виявляють значення сполученості структурних та лінгвістичних змін у процесі комунікації. Розкривається значення структурованості в когнітивній комунікації, яка виявляє її процесуальність. На відміну від передачі повідомлень, що розкриває комунікацію як інформаційну взаємодію, когнітивна комунікація виявляє значення когнітивної взаємодії учасників у процесі здійснення комунікації. Виявляється незворотність когнітивної комунікації. Важливим (...) стає задіяння когнітивної складової учасників процесу, яке набуває форми гри. Різний ступінь задіяності когнітивних здатностей у процесі комунікації визначає її ефективність та успішність. Обґрунтовано необхідність нового розуміння когнітивної комунікації в науці. Введено в розгляд комунікацію через репрезентацію. Комунікація через репрезентацію об’єднує пізнавальну, когнітивну та інформаційну взаємодії. Комунікація через репрезентацію виявляє знаннєві, когнітивні передумови творення нового способу представлення об’єкта у знанні. Вона виявляє інтегральну сполученість пізнавальних дій учасників комунікації у сфері знання. Розкриваються особливості комунікації через репрезентацію в класичній та сучасній науці. (shrink)

The article explains the essence and architectonics of informatization and the constructivism of its impact on all spheres of social development. This process has contradictions related to the intensive development of new information technologies, modernization processes and their revolutionary influence on all spheres of public life. As a dialectical process, informatization is explained as a factor containing risks in the development of a scientific knowledge. These risks are associated with the informatization of the individual about the state of the information (...) resources of science which generates the process of amplification of foundation of the development of various forms of extra-scientific knowledge. Risk is characterized as a share of "bad" in "good", it is associated with subjectivism and destructivism in the interpretation of true scientific knowledge, its use in selfish interests. In the information age, technological development has led to the fact that attention has shifted from objectives to means. Not the search for truth but the solution of the status problems became the main thing. Attention is focused on the specific weight of the development of quasi-science and anti-science which consciously distort the idea of science about the essence of natural and social reality. Pseudoscience is explained as an intellectual activity of the subject, imitating scientific activity and not bringing increments of a new objectively true knowledge. The attention is on the formation of the psevdoequivalence of subject which leads to his spiritual disintegration and the loss him capacity to discern truth. The process of strengthening information cynicism in the public consciousness which is formed by modern informatization processes is disclosed. Information cynicism is presented as a form of worldview reflecting a nihilistic attitude to info-resources and forming a mistrust of the truth of any information including science-based. And as a result there is a real threat of falsification and speculation on modern but not very productive areas. (shrink)

The article explores the unique, its essence and role in the development of types of rationality. The unique is explained as unrepeatable, which does not fit into the actual implemented reversibility, repeatability and cyclicality. This is a universal property that is inherent in the individual education and is expressed in the individual and unique elements, properties and relations. The purpose of the research is to reveal the unique as a scientific concept, apply it to the rationale for the processes of (...) changing types of rationality. The connection of the unique with a single, natural, indefinite, negation is revealed. Negation is presented as a form of thinking of a cognizing subject for the realities of scientific knowledge. Analysis of recent research and publications, initiated the solution of the problem of unique : use of the articles by authors G. Bashlyar, P. Burak, P. А. Vodopyanov, A. I. Zelenkov, V. H. Voronkova, O. P. Punchenko, I. Prigogine, I. Stengers, V. S. Stepin, L. P. Turkin and others. Research Methodology: general logical and theoretical research methods are used, representing their procedural adaptation to the solution of the problem. Unique in science is determined by the subject through its critical understanding of innovation, value context and essential for a given level of development of science. It is divided by type, depending on the scientific problems to be solved. Scientific novelty – unique is presented as a form of rationality movement, the moment of development of knowledge, it is also a test of knowledge for innovation, scientific character, clarification and their correlation. The types of rationality – classical, non-classical and post-non-classical – are identified and the role of the unique in their development and changes is clarified. Results of the research : on the analysis of the development of the natural sciences, it was proved that the change of types of rationality is associated with the growth of the innovative spirit of these sciences. Conclusions – the innovative potential constantly consisted in the damage to the stability of the old methodological principles that could not be adapted to the new discoveries. In classical rationality, unique principles were: unambiguity, clarity, obviousness; in non-classical – relativity, complexity, chance, complementarity; in the post-non-classical determining principles are steel: nonlinearity, chaos, self-organization, open systems, and more. The change of types of rationality gradually turned the unique from exceptions for natural science into its subject. (shrink)

The article deals with the genesis of the term "intelligentsia" within historical dimension, consideration of basic approaches and interpretation of this concept. The origins of the definition as well as its content in diverse historical periods are considered on the basis of a number of sources. The basic issues of contemporary discussion concerning an interpretation of the intelligentsia concept within the sphere of Ukrainian science and media are distinguished. The analysis of genesis and transformation of content of the intelligentsia definition (...) within historical dimension allows to make such conclusions. Firstly, a lack of clear and approved theory concerning the origins of intelligentsia concept has caused further mythologization of the latter. Eventually, some theses about history of the definition have become more popular and have complicated the view of a full picture. In particular, it applies to attribution of the authorship of this term to P. Boborykin and simultaneous disregard of evidences for a "Polish trace" in genesis of the term. Secondly, a view of content of the definition is deeply subjective in the contexts of personal perception and particular historical period. It makes a formulation of universal definition impossible. This circumstance causes the need for consideration of intelligentsia phenomenon within certain chronological or even geographical boundaries. A perception of the intelligentsia definition can became thereby a source for study of history of some period, country or nation. Finally, the author discerns such issues concerning an interpretation of the intelligentsia concept. The first issue deals with universality/specificity of the term, or it has a wider application?). The second one is the content of the concept in Russian Empire and USSR. The third issue concerns the relation of concepts "intelligentsia" and "the intellectuals". These circumstances make it difficult to study the topic, while actualizing the need for further balanced scientific research in this field. (shrink)

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to define certain interaction features between a human and the urban environment in the global world. Theoretical basis. The study in based on the investigations of contemporary researchers in social philosophy and urban science, as well as social scientists of Chicago School. Originality. The originality of the research is to analyze the "human-urban space" system in terms of the influence of local space of the global world on the human identity formation and preservation. (...) Conclusions. Modern information technologies have significantly contributed into changes in the culture, society, individual consciousness and perception. They have given them absolutely global character and reorganized the value and standard system of the individual. As a result, it caused the identity crisis, so typical of the postindustrial society. Thus, one of the possible ways to overcome the crisis is to harmonize the interaction in the "human-urban space" system as an area of individual space of human social and cultural identity. (shrink)

The article analyzes the features of poetic reflection in the work of A. Krymsky in the relation "man-nature". Coverage of this problem in the conditions of postmodern philosophical discourse requires appropriate embeddedness in the national and cultural experience. Moreover, the poetry of A. Krymsky manifests the deep experiences of the Ukrainian man's ties with the natural world, which includes the actualization of the inner nature of man. The author seeks to "write out" the laws of the "moral constitution" according to (...) which a person is worthy of his purpose of being in nature "has the right" to love according to the vocation of his convictions, his needs and inclinations. On the one hand, the author seems to call us to abide by these "laws", but, on the other hand, his thoughts divert from such categoricalness into the space of "identity" and confessional repentance. As follows from the above, the dignity of a person consists in the awakening and strengthening of an independent, responsible, formed on the path of enriching the inner life of a spiritual personality and the search for a free egress. And in this, in fact, the highest value of the relevance of postmodern self-communication in the interpretation of the poetic work of A. Krymsky is developed. (shrink)

The paper explores the possibilities of using applied qualitative research to help to achieve changes in the context of education. It presents three case studies: an evaluation of an educational software package which may be implemented nationally; an assessment of the impact of a 1:1 Technology Rich Learning Environment experimental project conducted in two Slovak elementary schools; and international comparative research on the curricula of psychology courses in secondary schools. The authors ask three questions: 1. does qualitative research have the (...) potential/resources/capacity to guide us in the process of making policy related decisions? 2. Does it have enough credibility in the eyes of the consumers—whether these are decision-makers themselves or a wider community that often plays a role in public decisions? 3. Could this type of work still count as academic inquiry? The discussion evolves around the reflection of the position of researchers in this type of research design, and the authors conclude that applied qualitative research could be the source of solid evidence for making decisions related to education—although this evidence is different to that provided by quantitative research. (shrink)

The article deals with the metaphysics of cognitive processes in media reality formation. Metaphysics reveals being and nothingness. Processes and discourse practices are regarded as cognitive processes. There is a distinction between media reality, hyper reality and virtual reality. The relationship between reality and information processes is being explored. The metaphysics of media-reality influences the existence of man and society, touches upon the value foundations of being and introduces the way to transform them. The metaphysical dimension of cognitive processes opens (...) up new forms of media reality impact on society. It is considered to be an integrative form uniting the representatives of different groups in achieving a specific goal. (shrink)

We investigate whether the determinants of small and medium enterprises’ trade credits taken for purchasing fixed assets suffered substantial changes due to the global financial crisis. The geographical focus of this paper covers 18 former Eastern bloc countries. The data sample comprises opinions of the SMEs top managers relative to the trade credit financing. The two-step Heckman procedure is applied to study complexity of the trade credit determinants. We find that before the GFC the equity concentration and inflation have negatively (...) impacted the trade credit while foreign ownership and company’s longevity have had a positive effect. The GFC has changed this complex relationship. We evidence that, after the GFC, equity concentration and state subsidies have a positive effect. (shrink)

The role of sustainable development in the export intensity of small and medium-size enterprises represents an open research question. We consider sustainable development through the environmental, social, and governance dimensions as well as via firms’ innovative activity indicators. Our objective is to reveal the sustainability determinants of export intensity of SMEs in emerging markets subject to financial constraints, which is one of the major obstacles for SMEs. Our sample is based on the 2018–2020 Business Environment Enterprise Performance Survey data. The (...) Heckman model allows us to reveal the factors relevant for SMEs to gain access to foreign markets under the control of financial constraints specific for SMEs. We also analyze the determinants of the SMEs’ share of direct exports in revenue. Our results demonstrate that innovative activity and corporate social responsibility facilitate entry to foreign markets, while equity concentration is a major deterrent. In particular, we reveal a significant positive effect of research and development investment on export intensity. Our findings highlight the complex nature of the interrelations between the SMEs’ share of direct exports in revenue and ESG consciousness. We find that other significant factors are political links of the top management, the gender composition of production and administrative units, employee training facilities, and ownership structure. (shrink)

The research is devoted to justification of the interdisciplinary approach in the study of consciousness. Studying consciousness as a phenomenon is a very divergent project, the mystery of its nature and appearance makes different ways of studying consciousness possible. Besides, consciousness is an umbrella term which may be interpreted differently in different contexts. Various approaches to comprehension of consciousness have been developed nowadays in Philosophy, Psychology, Biology, Medicine, Neurosciences, Sociology, Cognitive and Computer Sciences, Linguistics and a number of other research (...) fields. In the end of the 1980s one can notice an exceptional growth of interest in the problem of consciousness both in Philosophy and Science. The works by Bernard Baars, Daniel Dennett, Roger Penrose, Francis Crick and Christopher Koch, David Chalmers have appeared in these years. They outlined the main approaches to the study of consciousness and demonstrated that study of consciousness became an interdisciplinarity research. The research discusses the features of the phenomenon of consciousness and outlines the main theoretical issues, the most relevant of which are the “hard problem” of consciousness, the problem of mind and body, the problem of “the explanatory gap”, the question of the primacy of the brain in relation to consciousness, the place of consciousness in the modern scientific paradigm, changes of the ethical and worldview interpretation in connection with artificial intelligence, neurochips and neural network. Based on the complexity and multidimensionality of the research field associated with the problem of consciousness, the variety of approaches to studying this problem in Philosophy and Science, the controversial character of the questions raised, and the heated discussion among researches, the author concludes that interdisciplinary studies of consciousness have the greatest heuristic possibilities today. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the analysis of research approaches and attitudes to the study of the a priori in the philosophy of science. In the first part, I outline the basic premises of this study: (a) scientific knowledge as the highest manifestation of rationality; (b) the normative nature of scientific knowledge. In the second part, I turn to the difference in the subject of philosophical research on the history of science – the history of science as a “history of (...) facts” vs the history of science as a history of scientific thought. The third part discusses the main theoretical and technical difficulty associated with changing the subject of research – the possibility of a transition from historical fact to “scientific thought at the time of its birth” (in Helene Metzger terminology). The forth part is devoted to the analysis of the “model approach” (Arianna Betti, Hein van den Berg) in philosophy as a possible way to overcome this difficulty and includes both theoretical and technical aspects of the future direction of research. In conclusion, consequences are drawn about the possibility of using the “model approach” for reconstruction a priori in the history of science as “constitutive elements of scientific knowledge” (David Stump). (shrink)

The paper is devoted to the concept of a priori and a priori knowledge within the framework of the classical model of science proposed for conducting research on the history of concepts, and in particular, the concept of “science” by digital humanities [de Jong, Betti, 2010]. In the first part of the article, I refer to the concept of model and (1) consider the classical model of science in terms of its heuristic potential for philosophical (and in particular, epistemological) research, (...) and (2) define the main structural parts of the model for studying the concept a priori. In the second part, I consider the theoretical aspects of the classical model science in the context of a priori functional and historical concepts and the possibility of its adaptation to the analysis of the a priori in the history of science In the third part I propose a possible model for research of a priori in the classical model of science in two aspects: (1) a priori as universal principles underlying all sciences and (2) a priori as a set of propositions for a specific scientific discipline. (shrink)

The article discusses the civilizational approach which was formed in the 20th century and has become one of the main research approaches both in Russia and in the Western countries. The author presents a brief overview of the main milestones in the development of civilizational theory and its main representatives in Russia and the West. It is shown that in Russia, the importance of the civilizational approach is caused by the “change of epochs” that occurred after the 1990s and demanded (...) to consider the civilization principles in the social sciences and in the socio-political structure of the country. A brief description of the civilizational theory in the West, which has its own characteristics, not only demonstrates the universality of this scientific method but also reveals both its positive and negative aspects that were identified by the researchers. Although the Russian and Western scholars focus on the specifics of their own situations, they agree that in order to overcome the limitations of the civilizational approach, it is necessary to supplement it with other methods of scientific analysis. Since this article deals with the problems faced by Russia, the author presents the arguments of the Russian researchers, who suggest supplementing the civilizational analysis with the logic of sense, formations, geopolitical, ideological and worldview research approaches. It should be noted that the logic of sense approach is the latest achievement of the philosophical thought and a kind of scientific discovery. It is concluded that all the supplementing methods find their meaning and place in relation to each other only within the framework of a holistic interdisciplinary approach, which provides a theoretical understanding of a larger set of problems that the country is facing today. (shrink)

In this reply to the article by A.M. Dorozhkin and S.V. Shibarshina, the question of the creative nature of the randomization technique is considered, which is understood as a rejection of logically obvious ways to solve scientific problems, and involves the inclusion of an element of randomness, or uncertainty, in the scientific search procedure. Some doubt is expressed about the consequences of introducing the technique of epistemological randomization into the tactics of solving scientific problems. The author of the article emphasizes (...) the fact that an attempt to solve scientific problems by an inclusion of other, non-scientific elements in the area of science may be a case of randomization. The author determines the areas which are subject to an uncertainty factor. Art and culture are regarded as such non-science areas. However, the appeal to uncertainty is an indication of a fundamental inability to describe in quantitative terms the origin of creativity. This position can be characterized as “misterianism” in the interpretation of creativity, by analogy with misterianism in the understanding of consciousness by K. McGinn. In this case, the randomization technique is nothing more than one of the possible conditions for creativity, which cannot guarantee the appearance of an original result. (shrink)

The article deals with Russian scientific classifications (GRNTI, VAK) of computer science in comparison with Western scien­tific classifications Fields of Science and Technology (FOS) and Universal Decimal Classification (UDS). The author analyzes the basics and principles of these classifications, identifies their strong and weak points as well as their influence on the devel­opment of computer sciences. She also provides some recom­mendations on adjustments of Russian scientific classifications aiming to make them more flexible and adaptive to the faster scientific and technological (...) development and interdisciplinary cooperation. (shrink)

Overcoming disciplinary separation, organizing and conducting successful inter- and transdisciplinary research is a growing trend in contemporary scientific practices, which is viewed as a necessary condition for the progress of scientific knowledge, and therefore requires philosophical reflection. If it is the growing scientific specialization that has been considered as a constant identification of the progress of science since the 19th century, it is a disciplinary separation that has become an obstacle for the study of complex objects since the end of (...) the XX century. As an epistemological platform for overcoming disciplinary separation, one can consider historical epistemology in its French version. The classical approach within historical epistemology, proposed by Gaston Bachelard, considers progress as an integral property of scientific knowledge, arising from the very essence of science. Scientific progress is due to the historicity of which, which means a rejection of the interpretation of scientific truths as timeless, absolute and universal. In this article, I discuss (1) disciplinary separation as a philosophical problem; (2) approaches to the conceptualization of scientific progress; and (3) French historical epistemology as a possible philosophical setting for resolving disciplinary separation. (shrink)

The article deals with the phenomenon of French historical epistemology and Gaston Bachelard's role in its theoretical and institutional establishment. It analyses the place of history of sciences in French historical epistemology, which was considered in France as epistemology perse from the beginning of XX century. The article accompanies first Russian translation of Bachelard's lecture "Topicality of the History of Science" and argues that this text represents Bachelardian program for reformation of scientific history as an academic discipline. The importance of (...) this text for French epistemological tradition bases on, firstly, the analysis of methodology of the historical investigation, which subject is a scientific discipline, and secondly, historian's and epistemologist's theoretical approaches. (shrink)

As an independent philosophical discipline, historical epistemology had been forming in the French Academy from the early 20 century and to its middle developed to the point where it left behind other types of epistemologies, which succeeded to take revenge only in the late 1980s. However, historians and sociologists often consider French historical epistemology as a “marginal” discipline, compared to other areas of philosophical research. The focus of the study is the formation of the French version of historical epistemology as (...) a philosophical discipline in the historical perspective, which includes not only recognized Maîtres of this direction, but also secondary figures associated with the development of this trend of philosophical thought. In the article we will try to demonstrate that historical epistemology, at least genetically, belongs to the general trend in the development of the philosophy of science, formed from the XIX century, and may well claim to be considered a “normal” version of epistemology and/or philosophy of science. (shrink)

The article analyzes the conflict between the “analytic” and “continental” approaches in philosophy on the example of the development of historical epistemology, which can be considered as “French style” in the philosophy of science. The French tradition is especially interesting due to the specificity of the reception of analytic philosophy that took place in it, where analytic philosophy did not receive an institutional form. The phrase “analytic philosophy” was problematized in the French academy in the 1950s and indicates the existence (...) of a number of differences between the two types of philosophizing, as well as the absence of any stable connection between the French and Anglo-Saxon philosophical communities. One of the main reasons of this divide is that the philosophers interested in logical positivism and seeking to acquaint the French philosophical public with its ideas have suddenly passed away. The author’s argumentation is based on the material of historical epistemology in France, which was traditionally associated with the philosophy of science much more than epistemology in other countries. The article considers two approaches to defining the difference between analytic and continental philosophy: theoretical approach and institutional. The author demonstrates the inconsistency of the theoretical approach to the definition of analytic and continental philosophical traditions. (shrink)

As an independent philosophical discipline, historical epistemology had been forming in the French Academy from the early 20 century and to its middle developed to the point where it left behind other types of epistemologies, which succeeded to take revenge only in the late 1980s. However, historians and sociologists often consider French historical epistemology as a “marginal” discipline, compared to other areas of philosophical research. The focus of the study is the formation of the French version of historical epistemology as (...) a philosophical discipline in the historical perspective, which includes not only recognized Maîtres of this direction, but also secondary figures associated with the development of this trend of philosophical thought. In the article we will try to demonstrate that historical epistemology, at least genetically, belongs to the general trend in the development of the philosophy of science, formed from the XIX century, and may well claim to be considered a “normal” version of epistemology and/or philosophy of science. (shrink)

The article discusses such a new phenomenon of modernity as the rehabilitation of utopia, which has not yet become widespread, but it is a serious symptom of the crisis of civilization in Russia and in the West. It is shown that attempts to rehabilitate utopia are associated with the situation of crisis, uncertainty, unpredictability caused by the ongoing transformations of the modern epoch. Under these conditions, the utopia is not only a reflection of the existing situation but also an opportunity (...) for the formation of new ideas and the reduction of uncertainty. Many astute researchers in both the West and Russia demonstrate a positive attitude towards utopia, as they see the opportunities offered by utopia, especially in times of crisis. It is noted that in Russia there is a gradual overcoming of the negative attitude to utopia, which was associated with the collapsed socialist system. A summary history of utopia shows that utopia is a significant factor in history that accompanies the development of mankind throughout history. Despite this, in the earlier decades of the 20th century and the beginning of 21st century the “death of utopia” was declared, it was driven by ideological and political reasons and by globalization in general. Meanwhile, at present its importance is again actualized in relation to the complex international situation. Therefore, both in the West and in Russia there is a growing demand for the ideal concepts of the future of human existence in the form of utopia. (shrink)