Network analysis as a tool for ecological interactions studies has been widely used since last decade. However, there are few studies on the factors that shape network patterns in communities. In this sense, we compared the topological properties of the interaction network between flower-visiting social wasps and plants in two distinct phytophysiognomies in a Brazilian savanna (Riparian Forest and Rocky Grassland). Results showed that the landscapes differed in species richness and composition, and also the interaction networks between wasps and plants (...) had different patterns. The network was more complex in the Riparian Forest, with a larger number of species and individuals and a greater amount of connections between them. The network specialization degree was more generalist in the Riparian Forest than in the Rocky Grassland. This result was corroborated by means of the nestedness index. In both networks was found asymmetry, with a large number of wasps per plant species. In general aspects, most wasps had low niche amplitude, visiting from one to three plant species. Our results suggest that differences in structural complexity of the environment directly influence the structure of the interaction network between flower-visiting social wasps and plants. (shrink)

Assessment of marine debris ingestion by sea turtles is important, especially to ensure their survival. From January to December 2011, 23 specimens of five species of sea turtleswere found dead or dying after being rehabilitated, along the coast of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To detect the presence of marine debris in the digestive tract of these turtles, we conducted a postmortemexamination from the esophagus until the distal portion of the large intestine for each specimen. Of the total (...) number of turtles, 39% had ingested marine debris such as soft plastic, hard plastic, metal, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle caps, human hair, tampons, and latex condoms. Five of the seven sea turtles species are found along the Brazilian coast, where they feed and breed. A large number of animals are exposed to various kinds of threats, including debris ingestion. (shrink)

This research was done in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil on february 2012, with objective was to determine which species of social wasps visiting mango fruits, their behaviors displayed by them while foraging and verify which the species of wasps visitors offer risk of accidents to farmers. The studied area was monitored during February 2012, from 8:00 to 17:00. in a 144 hour effort, and the data collected included the time of activity, diversity, aggressiveness and the general behavior of (...) social wasps around the fruits. There were registered a total of 175 individuals of 12 different species, healthy fruits were damaged during the day, and we registered the abundance and richness peaks throughout the day. This study indicated the needs for special care during the harvest, as aggressive wasps are indeed present and the abundant, resulting in a possible increase of the risk for the workers. (shrink)

Social wasps are broadly distributed in Brazil, and their distribution is closely related to local plant composition. However, only a few studies on the diversity of these insects have been carried out in northeastern Brazil, and in Caatinga Biome the diversity is probably underestimated due to the lack of inventories for the region. Aiming at advancing the knowledge about the wasp fauna, we carried out this study from October 2005 to September 2006 in Ibipeba, northeastern Brazil. We collected 172 wasps (...) of five genera and eight species, and recorded Polybia ruficeps Schrottky, 1902 for the first time in the state of Bahia. The most abundant species was Polybia ignobilis (Haliday, 1836) (n = 69), and the least abundant were Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille, 1824) (n = 2) and Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (n = 2). The present study inventory focused exclusively on the diversity of social wasps in an area of Caatinga, which contributes to advance the local fauna knowledge. (shrink)

This is the first record of nesting in the soil by the ant Camponotus sericeiventris (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), which has arboreal habit. The study was conducted in southeastern Brazil, in an ant colony located in a subterranean site. This study describes, for the first time, the ability of this arboreal species to vary its nesting site by the occupation of an unusual place in an urban environment; and this study demonstrates that this species is an interesting model for studies in urban (...) environments. (shrink)

The literature provides different methodologies for sampling social wasps, including, flight intercept trap type Malaise and Attractive trap, however, there is no consensus on its use. In this respect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the best use of Malaise traps and Attractive trap in biodiversity work of social wasps, and generate a collection protocol for the use of these traps. The study was conducted in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, located in the east of the state (...) of Minas Gerais, in the years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004 and in the Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, located in the southeastern state of Minas Gerais, in years 2011, 2012 and 2013. 15 species were collected using Malaise traps, and, 26 species of social wasps were collected using Attractive traps. Although the negative aspects of both traps, complementary methodologies surveys varying social wasps are useful and it is recommended to choose for using in accordance with the logistical field. (shrink)

Protopolybia sedula is a social swarming wasp, widely spread throughout many countries in the Americas, including most of Brazil. Despite its distribution, studies of its behavioral ecology are scarce. This study aimed to describe its foraging activity and relation to climatic variables in the city of Juiz de Fora in southeastern Brazil. Three colonies were under observation between 07:00 and 18:00 during April 2012, January 2013, and March 2013. Every 30 minutes, the number of foragers leaving and returning to the (...) colony was registered along with air temperature and relative humidity. Activity began around 07:30¸ increased between 10:30 and 14:30, and ended around 18:30. A mean of 52.7 exits and 54 returns were measured every 30 minutes. The daily mean values were 1,107 ± 510.6 exits and 1,135 ± 854.8 returns. Only one colony showed a significant correlation between forager exits and temperature (rs = 0.8055; P < 0.0001) and between exits and relative humidity (rs = -0.7441; P = 0.0001). This paper shows that climatic variables are likely to have little control on the foraging rhythm of P. sedula when compared to other species, suggesting the interaction of other external and internal factors as stimuli of species foraging behavior. (shrink)

Previously unreported nesting associations of Yellow-Olive Flycatcher (Tolmomyias sulphurescens) (Aves: Tyrannidae) with social wasps and bees.

Generally, frugivorous lepidopteran, have great ecological importance and are often used as bioindicator in environmental assessment studies. However, the proposed methodologies for capturing moths require great effort on the field for installation and monitoring of traps, in addition to their high cost. Thereat attractive baits have been evaluated to assist the work of detection and monitoring of moths. The aim of this study was, therefore, to record the diversity of the Noctuidae family captured by traps with food attractions evaluate the (...) performance of this methodology model for its use in future work with cutworms. The study was conducted in urban semideciduous seasonal forest fragment in which three types of bait were used: pineapple with sugarcane juice, banana with sugarcane juice, and banana with water and collected 49 individuals of the Noctuidae family spread over six genera and eleven species. The bait of pineapple with sugarcane juice was the one with the highest diversity index, but the bait that showed greater wealth and greater dominance was banana with water as bait banana with sugarcane juice showed the highest equitability. From the results, it can be inferred that the use of attractive traps can be an advantageous alternative for Rapid Ecological Assessment or determining the presence of some groups as Noctuidae in a given area, explaining the need for the improvement of traps and bait tests to obtain best response of moths to this methodology. (shrink)

Solenopsis saevissima fire ants were found foraging in a Felis catus carcass over tissues an secretions present in holes and mucosa. The ants built a dirt-made physical structure around the carcass, which prevented necrophagous flies from laying eggs or larvae in the body. These observations are relevant to increasing knowledge on the role of this ant genus in the decaying process of other animal corpses, including humans.

Ophiocordyceps is a fungal pathogen of ants of the tribe Camponotini. It is called zombie fungus, since it changes the host behavior, causing them to die in an exposed position, typically clinging onto and biting into the adaxial surface of shrub leaves. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of parasitic associations between Ophiocordyceps and ants of the genus Camponotus in an urban fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil and to measure the rate of hyperparasitism in Ophiocordyceps by other (...) fungi in the same location. We found 57 individuals of four species of ants and three species of fungus. The age categories of fungi were equally distributed, and rate of hyperparasitism was 17.5% (n = 10). The sampled area was recognized as an important site of Ophiocordyceps occurrence. (shrink)

This record describes the occurrence of conflicts between stingless bees of an active colony of Scaptotrigona bipunctata (Lepeletier) and individuals of Melipona quadrifasciata (Lepeletier), and discusses possible hypotheses that motivated the attack. Behaviors were observed in an active colony of S. bipunctata. The active nest guards detained individuals of M. quadrifasciata who invaded the colony. The chances of misidentification of the colony entrance and error in the species possible aggregation were discarded, however, the hypothesis of the real invasion recorded in (...) this study demonstrates a behavioral strategy by M. quadrifasciata suggests that there is an energy savings if successful in looting. (shrink)

Forrageamento por Recurso Alternativo em Época de Estiagem por Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758.

Resumen En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad, concentrando la atención en la perspectiva de Kierkegaard y de Kafka. Después de analizar la postura kierkegaardiana se pasa a la kafkiana y, finalmente, se comparan los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, se pueden apreciar las diferencias entre los dos planteamientos y, sucesivamente, utilizar los elementos en común para esbozar unas características interesantes sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad en los siglos XIX y XX en el (...) contexto de influencia alemana. Esto nos lleva a reflexionar sobre las conexiones causales entre la enfermedad y la literatura, y sobre el contexto social o íntimo en el cual estas se desarrollan.I analyze the topic of sickness in relation to 19th and 20th Century Literature in the Germanophile area. In particular, I examine Kierkegaard's and Kafka's perspectives. In the case of Kierkegaard, he principally wrote about sickness in his diaries, and in two important books: The Concept of Anxiety and The Sickness unto Death. However, Kafka wrote about the same theme in all his diaries. Therefore, in this study, I will compare the different perspectives of these two authors in relation to both sickness and literature. Through this, I will attempt to extract any key aspects that can be used for identifying a more general relation between sickness and literature in the 19th and 20th Centuries. To achieve this aim, I will firstly scrutinize Kierkegaard's posture, and then Kafka's posture. Following this, I will compare the findings to draw general conclusions. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to give, using the Kripke semantics for intuitionism, a representation of finitely generated free Heyting algebras. By means of the representation we determine in a constructive way some set of "special elements" of such algebras. Furthermore, we show that many algebraic properties which are satisfied by the free algebra on one generator are not satisfied by free algebras on more than one generator.

El texto de este artículo pretende, en la primera parte, dar cuenta de algunos sucesos históricos que han acompañado el trasegar de la obra de Aristóteles, reseñando las interpretaciones, supuestos y malentendidos generados a partir del nombre: Metafísica. Posteriormente, se señalan algunos puntos fundamentales sobre la interpretación histórica de la obra aristotélica, así como los abanderados de tales giros interpretativos. Por último, el autor sugiere, respetuosa y comedidamente, una guía para la lectura de la Metafísica, determinando lo que sería el (...) cuerpo unitario del obra, los anexos y los complementos cuya atenta lectura debe suministrar al lector la fuerza filosófica del pensador de Estagira. (shrink)

Agamben, G. Pilatos e Jesus. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2014.

El artículo analiza la interpretación que Adorno hace de Kafka en Apuntes sobre Kafka, concentrando la atención en la consideración sobre Kafka como un escritor ilustrado que critica la Ilustración, con el fin de determinar si dicha afirmación es o no coherente con la teoría adorniana. Para esto, se compara la lectura que Adorno y Kafka hacen del episodio del canto de las sirenas de la Odisea y se analizan las diferencias existentes entre las dos interpretaciones. Gracias a ello podemos (...) concluir, parcialmente en contra de Adorno, que Kafka es un crítico de la Ilustración, aunque no es un escritor ilustrado. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza las estrategias de enmascaramiento que Kierkegaard y Kafka adoptaron a lo largo de sus vidas. En primer lugar, se analizan algunos rasgos de la sociedad burguesa y del papel que el escritor tenía en ella. Sucesivamente, se describe la estrategia comunicativa de Kierkegaard y se identifican sus fines; después se hace la misma operación respecto de Kafka. Finalmente, se comparan las dos posturas y se subrayan diferencias y similitudes, para utilizar los resultados como insumos para una breve (...) reflexión sobre el papel de la escritura en la moderna sociedad burguesa. (shrink)

In questo capitolo delineeremo un approfondimento del criterio davidsoniano di razionalità, sulla base di alcune riflessioni sul ruolo che le credenze in prima persona sembrano rivestire nel comportamento di agenti cognitivi razionali. Più precisamente, difenderemo la tesi secondo cui, perlomeno all’interno di un framework davidsoniano, l’attribuzione di razionalità agli agenti cognitivi, umani e non, richiede una previa attribuzione di credenze in prima persona.

O artigo busca acompanhar os desdobramentos da filosofia hegeliana no sentido de superar as rígidas oposições entre pensamento e realidade, entre sujeito e objeto. Uma realidade em constante movimento precisa ser pensada por uma filosofia que seja capaz de tornar dinâmicas as suas próprias categorias. Ou seja, pensar o mundo a partir de um quadro conceitual estático ou metafísico não é mais algo suficiente. Assim, o movimento, a negatividade, a diferença, serão os motores e os desafios desta filosofia. De forma (...) didática e explicativa o presente estudo pretende situar a constituição e os meandros da dialética que emerge nos textos do filósofo alemão. (shrink)

The Negative dialectics is one of Theodor W. Adorno's most important works of thought, not only due to the fact that there he exposes the fundamental epistemological assumptions for understanding his constellation – method of analysis and procedures –, but also because in it the idea of philosophical experience is effectively an exercise of thought. The purpose of this text is to deal with the key figure thinking about models, from another model of thought, read, the intricate relationship between theory (...) and practice. (shrink)

O objeto do presente artigo concerne ao exame do conceito de senso comum teórico dos juristas e à investigação a respeito de suas funções sob a égide da Teoria Crítica do Direito desenvolvida por Luís Alberto Warat. Estrutura-se, assim, em duas etapas: a primeira, de caráter semântico, adstrita à conceituação e significação do objeto de pesquisa; e a segunda, de jaez teleológico-funcional, atinente à identificação de regiões e de suas funções ou efeitos.

Examina-se aqui um estudo realizado por Theodor Adorno acerca das locuções radiofônicas do ativista político de extrema direita nos EUA, o pastor Martin Luther Thomas, à década de 30. Detendo-se nestes discursos por meio do método da análise de conteúdo, Adorno buscava entender os motivos que levaram os indivíduos a perpetuarem as mesmas relações econômicas que suas forças haviam superado, em vez de substituí-los por uma forma de organização social superior e mais racional. Passados mais de 70 anos, este estudo (...) é, sem dúvidas, um instrumental precípuo para compreendermos o atual cenário social, principalmente o político. (shrink)

O objectivo primário do presente artigo é estudar algumas das implicações, sobretudo epistemológicas, associadas com o auto-intitulado movimento da Física Ariana (Deutsche Physikj, movimento esse que aqui se considera como tendo sido iniciado pelos físicos, laureados com o Prémio Nobel, Philipp Lenard e Johannes Stark. Assim, em primeiro lugar, procura-se analisar questões como a da ligação entre ciência e raça, a da função do método experimental e do método dedutivo nas descobertas das ciências naturais, bem como a da relação entre (...) matemática e natureza, já para não mencionar a dimensão histórica da ciência. Em vez de recorrer a conceitos supostamente puros do que sejam ciência ou racionalidade em ordem a instaurar um tribunal da história, cujo veredicto seria a condenação da Física Ariana como irrisória anomalia epistemológica no corpo histórico da ciência, os autores do presente artigo procuram, antes de mais, traçar a origem do movimento a partir das biografias de Lenard e Stark, acreditando que o carácter profundamente conturbado de ambos, coadunado com a conflituosa situação política que antecedeu a ascensão de Hitler ao poder na Alemanha em 1933, seriam razões suficientes para a formação das doutrinas que atacavam a Física Teórica. Nesse sentido, depois de expor os princípios e as ideias defendidas pelos físicos arianos, os autores procuram evidenciar até que ponto uma análise restrita ao campo da física e dos seus documentos não é suficiente para uma compreensão cabal de tal movimento. Ao mesmo tempo, procuram mostrar também por que razão é necessário considerar que algumas objecções levantadas contra a física teórica se constituíam como problemas verdadeiramente relevantes, sendo que alguns deles foram também formulados por autores que não pactuavam com as convicções políticas de Lenard e Stark. Finalmente, o artigo comporta uma análise das posições defendidas por Werner Heisenberg em ordem a mostrar a seriedade com a qual as críticas dos físicos arianos foram recebidas por este autor, nelas reconhecendo algo digno de ser respondido, e isso não meramente por razões políticas, mas antes porque constituíam dilemas reais instalados na prática das ciências naturais. Ou seja, recorrendo aos argumentos esgrimidos por Werner Heisenberg, os autores do artigo pretendem demonstrar que a Física Ariana não merece atenção apenas na sua qualidade de aberração histórica, mas também pelo facto de ela ter levantado questões ainda hoje epistemologicamente relevantes. /// The primary aim of the present article is to study some of the implications, particularly the epistemological ones, associated with the movement of the so called German Physics (Deutsche PhysikJ, a movement that in this article is mainly associated with the work of the physicists, and Nobel laureates, Phillip Lenard and Johannes Stark. The article begins by analyzing questions related to the connection established between science and race, as well as to the function of the experimental and deductive methods in the discoveries of the natural sciences, not to mention the problems associated with the relation between mathematics and nature as well as the historical dimension of science. The goal, therefore, is not to take supposedly pure concepts about what science and rationality might be and establish them as judges in the tribunal of history, whose verdict would be the condemnation of the German Physics as an insignificant epistemological anomaly within the historical body of science. Rather, the authors of the article want to trace the origin of the movement of the German Physics by reading the biographies of Lenard and Stark, whereby it is assumed that the problematic character of these physicists together with the political situation that anteceded Hitlers ascension to power in Germany in 1933 would be reason enough for the formation of doctrines directed against theoretical physics. In this sense, after expounding the principles and the doctrines defended by the Arian physicists, the authors of the article show that an analysis circumscribed to the domain of physics would not be sufficient for a global understanding of this movement. At the same time, however, the authors also want to show the reason why it is necessary to consider some of the objections raised against theoretical physics as serious problems, even though some of them were also formulated by authors that did not share the political convictions of Lenard and Stark. Finally, the article contains an analysis of the positions defended by Werner Heisenberg in order to demonstrate the seriousness with which the criticisms of the Arian physicists were received by this most important author, so much so that he recognized in them something worth a response, and this not only for political reasons, but also because he recognized the problems raised as a dilemma situated at the very heart of the practice of the natural sciences. In other words, by a close reading of the arguments presented by Werner Heisenberg, the authors of the article want to demonstrate that the movement of German Physics is worth attention not only in its quality as an historical aberration, but also due to the fact that it raised questions that are still epistemologically relevant. (shrink)

The evangelical movement has shown a significant growth among the Brazilian population in recent decades, which has also manifested itself in political representation and, consequently, draws the attention for the political projects that this group raises. For this reason, studies in this area are extremely relevant to understand how this relationship between religious and seculars should take place in the public space. After analysis based on the hypothetical-deductive methodology, it was found that both religious and people with different worldviews should (...) act in the public space with respect and tolerance. Imposing a way of looking at the world goes against the essence of liberalism and the democratic rule of law, as it violates basic issues such as the right to free consciousness and religion freedom itself. (shrink)

What is a human being according to Augustine of Hippo? The question has occupied a group of researchers from Brazil and Europe and has been explored at two workshops during which the contributors to this volume have discussed anthropological themes in Augustine's vast corpus. In this volume, the reader will find articles on a wide spectrum of Augustine's anthropological ideas. Some contributions focus on specific texts, while others focus on specific theological or philosophical aspects of Augustine's anthropology. The authors of (...) the articles in this volume are convinced that Augustine's anthropology is of major importance for how human beings have been understood in Western civilization for better or for worse. The topic is therefore highly relevant to the present times in which humanity is under pressure from various sides. (shrink)

Tourism is becoming one of the most important economic drivers in the urban context. With this in mind, several cities have tried to adapt their economies to satisfy the demands of the influx of tourism. The main consequences of this trend are the re-shaping of urban areas, with particular regard to art cities. This phenomenon is particularly evident in Venice's historical city centre. In order to better comprehend the changes that have taken place, we have put together a research based (...) analysis of the commercial structure of the city. Particular attention has been given to comparing and contrasting the retail business over the last thirty years. (shrink)

We consider the problem of finding, in the ambit of modal logic, a minimal characterization for finite Kripke frames, i.e., a formula which, given a frame, axiomatizes its theory employing the lowest possible number of variables and implies the other axiomatizations. We show that every finite transitive frame admits a minimal characterization over K4, and that this result can not be extended to K.

We show that the special relativistic dynamics when combined with quantum mechanics and the concept of superstatistics can be interpreted as arising from two interlocked non-relativistic stochastic processes that operate at different energy scales. This interpretation leads to Feynman amplitudes that are in the Euclidean regime identical to transition probability of a Brownian particle propagating through a granular space. Some kind of spacetime granularity could be therefore held responsible for the emergence at larger scales of various symmetries. For illustration we (...) consider also the dynamics and the propagator of a spinless relativistic particle. Implications for doubly special relativity, quantum field theory, quantum gravity and cosmology are discussed. (shrink)

Este texto percorre caminhos pensando o conceito de formação, bem como busca compreender seus entendimentos na educação. Assim, reflete a formação docente,enquanto movimentos que ensinam e constituem o professor, através das relações da vida, no ensinar e aprender com seus alunos em sala de aula cotidianamente.Os saberes outrora elencados a formação, baseados em ações disciplinares, são frutos de uma modernidade cientificista que estratifica o conhecimento, e o coloca em progressão linear. Tal construção vem nos instituindo como sujeitos e muito especialmente, (...) como professores. Nessa perspectiva, a formação do docente precisa de espaços e acolhimentos, que possibilitem dentre outros elementos, a existência da criação. Tratando-se, portanto, do compartilhamento da experiência singular de cada vida, da possibilidade da composição do processo formativo atravessado por aspectos plurais. O presente artigo tem como aporte metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica. Percorrer estas possibilidades, e em especial as que formam o professor, é o que pretende este escrito. (shrink)

Este artigo trata do tema e problema da heterotopiaa partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault, noção essa pouco explorada por ele, no entanto, potencialmente profícua para o pensamento filosófico contemporâneo. Nele mostramos o que o filósofo francês chama de heterotopia e o modo como ela implica as noções de espaço, poder e saber. Para tanto abordamos textos foucaultianos especialmente da década de 1960 e 70. Interpretamos e nos reportamos assim às heterotopias que fazem parte dos estudos e trajetória de Foucault: (...) fábrica-convento, cidade operária, asilo psiquiátrico, prisão e Universidade Experimental de Vincennes. Compreendemos que a prisão e seus mecanismos constituem o exemplo paradigmático de uma heterotopia moderna que ainda diz muito sobre nós. Isso indica, vale notar, a complexidade e ambivalência da noção foucaultiana de heterotopia, na medida em que esta pode abarcar uma série de dispositivos nem sempre afins: por vezes, então, uma instituição disciplinar e um espaço biopolítico, outras vezes, uma universidade experimental. (shrink)

Through the accurate analysis of the section of Marx’s Philosophical-economic manuscripts, which is dedicated to the Hegelian dialectic, it has been reconstructed the route of knowledge from the common and philosophical opinion to the hypothesis of a truth that distances itself from opinion and which, at the same time, represents the result and the critique of the opinion. Marx is seen as a break in the modern philosophical tradition: a thinker that, even if setting himself in the Hegelian philosophical horizon, (...) shows some assonance with the tradition which is directly antagonist to the Hegelism, i.e. with the philosophy of Schopenhauer. The philosophical opinion is nihilistic distance from life: the critique of the philosophical opinion means therefore centrality of life as ontological paradigm, beyond the nihilism of modernity. (shrink)