Este artículo analiza las condiciones a través de las cuales las matemáticas pasan de un estado de subordinación a desempeñar un papel rector frente a la filosofía natural. Esta transformación se manifestó esencialmente en un cambio de actitud frente al pensamiento tradicional, mediante la sustitución de la explicación cualitativa de los fenómenos naturales por una explicación cuantitativa. En el texto se abordarán los aspectos epistemológicos e institucionales que están implicados en el debate sobre la cientificidad de las matemáticas. A su (...) vez, se hará un recorrido historiográfico señalando las diferentes posturas que tuvieron lugar en la polémica, para ofrecer elementos históricos y conceptuales de análisis respecto de las matemáticas como herramienta de la ciencia moderna. (shrink)

This article examines Gerald Odonis' view on the nature of place as found in his commentary on the Sentences (Sent. II, d. 2, qq. 3-5) and in an anonymous question (Utrum locus sit ultima superficies corporis ambientis immobile primum) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. Both texts defend a thoroughly un-Aristotelian conception of place as three-dimensional space. Odonis not only deviates from Aristotle's definition of place as the inner surface of a surrounding body, but also from the positions of (...) his contemporaries, including fellow Franciscans. Despite some remarkable doctrinal similarities between Odonis' view and that of Renaissance innovators like Francesco Patrizi and Bernardino Telesio, it seems unlikely that Gerald played a role in the rise of new conceptions of place in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. An edition of the anonymous Quaestio de loco is given in an appendix. (shrink)

Ideias: formas, rationes e species. A Quaestio de ideis de Tomás de Aquino.

O trabalho proposto objetiva investigar alguns pontos referentes à narração e à interioridade nas Confissões de Agostinho à luz das considerações sobre a identidade em Hannah Arendt. Ao descobrir a vida interior individual, é possível dizer que Agostinho tenha sido o fundador do romance autobiográfico. É de se notar que a “questão que me tornei para mim mesmo”, retirada das Confissões, esse tipo de rememoração e autorreflexão religiosa, parece insolúvel tanto em seu sentido psicológico individual como em seu sentido filosófico (...) geral, segundo Arendt. Isto porque é pouco provável que nós possamos conhecer nossa essência assim como conhecemos as coisas naturais que nos rodeiam. Neste sentido, para a autora, apenas no discurso e na ação os homens revelam ativamente suas identidades pessoais únicas, mostram quem são, à diferença da alteridade que partilhamos com tudo que vive. No entanto, essa qualidade reveladora quase nunca pode ser alcançada como um propósito deliberado. Nesse sentido o quem aparece claramente apenas para os outros, enquanto permanece oculto para a própria pessoa. Assim, somente quando as pessoas estão com as outras, mediadas pela ação e pelo discurso, é que a qualidade de revelação dos indivíduos acontece. (shrink)

This study considers the ranges of the power of self-determination in human action, attending to the « status quaestionis » of the matter as it is contained in statements of Cicero on the Stoic position, his own thoughts on this matter, and the reception and re-reading of the theme in Thomas Aquinas. We thus attend to the Ciceronian exposition in De natura deorum, De divinatione and De fato on the Stoic position regarding the need for causal connection. We also study (...) the criticism added by Cicero to its transmission, and the projections of the problematic in Aquinas’s quaestio De fato, in the Summa Theologiae, and in other parallel passages. (shrink)

This article examines Gerald Odonis' view on the nature of place as found in his commentary on the Sentences and in an anonymous question extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. Both texts defend a thoroughly un-Aristotelian conception of place as three-dimensional space. Odonis not only deviates from Aristotle's definition of place as the inner surface of a surrounding body, but also from the positions of his contemporaries, including fellow Franciscans. Despite some remarkable doctrinal similarities between Odonis' view and that (...) of Renaissance innovators like Francesco Patrizi and Bernardino Telesio, it seems unlikely that Gerald played a role in the rise of new conceptions of place in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. An edition of the anonymous Quaestio de loco is given in an appendix. (shrink)

The article discusses the origin of the split between common sense and the scientific view of the world, which took lace at the beginning of the modern age. More specifically, it shows how Galileo...

Brentano’s relationship to Alexander Bain has so far received little attention. The first part of this paper argues that the basic tenets of the so-called Intentionality thesis should be considered as systematically opposed to a complex of principles borrowed by Brentano from two major works by the scottish philosopher and psychologist: The Senses and the Intellect and the ‘Compendium’ on Mental and Moral Science. Bain’s doctrine is based on two sets of claims: T1 There is only a negative definition of (...) Mind: a definition “by contrast” as the “unextended”; There is a small number of general properties, whose divison under “three heads” is all that can be offered as a positive definition of Mind; those heads are Feeling, Volition, Thought or Cognition. T2 There is no one fact or property that embraces all the three; the three classes of mental phenomena do not imply each other. Brentano’s reply is based on the very opposite claims: *T1 there are several negative definitions of mind, all questionable, but there is a positive definition of Mind, that is well-grounded and not subjected to further criticisms; the division of mental phenomena must be restated on this new positive basis; the new “heads”of the new division are: Presentation, Judgement and Feeling. *T2 there is one common property that does characterize every mental phenomenon : Intentional In-existence; the phenomena of the three fundamental classes are most intimately “intertwined”; “there is no mental act in which all three are not present”. The second part of the paper discusses at length Brentano’s criticism of Bain’s theory of volition as a feeling-prompted activity. (shrink)

S. Thomas d'Aquin consacre la Quaestio 73 de la première partie de la Summa Theologiae aux problèmes classiques soulevés par le récit biblique de l'hexaméron: l'achèvement des œuvres divines doit-il être attribué au septième jour? Dieu s'est-Il alors reposé de toute son œuvre? La bénédiction et la sanctification sont-elles dues au septième jour?