This study examines specifically, the mission statement and ideology as discursive practices of the Mavrodi Mondial Moneybox (MMM) Ponzi scheme. As the demand for transparency in governance, public and private practices increase, there is also a rising proliferation of counter forms of transparency in financial sectors. While studies have focused on the practices of transparency in the reports of public and private institutions, very little attention has been paid to the perils of transparency in mission statements of online scam practices (...) such as Ponzi schemes that parade as transparent financial schemes. Using a critical discourse analytic approach, this study investigates Ponzi schemes in Nigeria and their ideology of a ‘transparent economic system’. These schemes claim to operate a mutual benefit fund for the poor and discourage individuals from investing in banks. The critical discourse analysis draws attention to masked discourses of MMM and examines how the transparent discourse of the MMM generally constitutes deceptive discourse. The findings of the study reveal that factual and political arguments and propagandas are strategies of negative other representation that attempt to discredit the government and other legitimate financial institutions and at the same time attempt to control the mind of the participants by presenting the schemes as reliable thereby defrauding their victims. (shrink)

Treatment informed consent aims to preserve the autonomy of patients in the clinician – patient relationship so as to ensure valid consent. An acceptable method of evaluating understanding of consent information is by assessing the extent of recall by patients of the pieces information believed to have been passed across. When concerns are not satisfactorily addressed from the patients’ perspective, recall of consent information may be low. This study is a questionnaire – based cross – sectional interview of consecutive adult (...) surgical patients who could give their respective medical histories and who were booked for elective major surgical procedures over a period of 7 months in a tertiary health institution in southeastern Nigeria. Four to five days after a formal consent session, during ward admission, extent of recall of information on the nature of the disease condition or diagnosis, the nature of the planned procedure and the risks involved in the planned procedure were assessed and analyzed on the background of how satisfying the consent sessions were from individual patient’s perspective. Generally, the recall of nature of disease condition and nature of planned procedure is better than recall of risks involved in the planned procedure. More specifically however, recall in these 3 domains is significantly better among the patients that affirmed that their concerns were satisfactorily addressed. The findings from this study support that no effort should be spared in ensuring that the consent information are satisfying to the patients from the patients’ viewpoint. (shrink)

The spiritual restlessness of millennials rests on a legitimate search that is hardly satisfied by the structure that we find in traditional religions. Yet, the preponderance of ecumenical initiatives in contemporary society means that there are forms of spiritual ecumenical practices that might serve as a solution. Beyond serving the central interest of ecumenism, namely Christian unity, these forms of ecumenical spiritualities may provide spaces for the millennial encounter with the divine in a way that holds their constant spiritual “negotiation” (...) in balance with the need for some form of “habitation” that institutional religion provides. This article investigates how spiritual ecumenism is best suited for responding to the quest of millennials, and it equally provides concrete examples to justify such a claim. (shrink)

Indigenous spiritualities among Africans, both in Africa and in the diaspora, are flourishing. In Lagos, Nigeria, for example, shrines compete with churches and mosques in adherents and positions. Beyond Africa, the rise of African spiritualities has become conspicuous. Reasons range from Afrocentrism to anti-religious tendencies to the popular religions, from racial animosity to politico-economic ideologies, yet insufficient attention is being paid to this new Afro-spiritualities. Can this renaissance in African spirituality bring forth or support a renaissance in Africa? Africa arguably (...) domesticates the future of humanity. From ecological perspectives to the productivity of offspring, from economic potentials to viable youths for the future, Africa must become progressively discursive in the global platform. A good way to indulge in this would be to understand the spirit of Africa, in the traditional spiritualities that constructed orientations and worldviews of the people. Understanding and addressing African spiritualities constitute an important key in understanding the African identity. (shrink)

Key historical landmark research malpractice scandals that shocked the international community were the origin of the institution of ethics review prior to carrying out research involving humans. Nonetheless, it is plausible that unethical research is ongoing or may have been conducted in recent times that has escaped public notice, especially in the vulnerable low- and middle-income country contexts. The basic constitution of these committees at some point has not been clearly defined, with most scientists declaring political maneuvers at times. These (...) committees today are characterized by bureaucratic bottlenecks, financial interests, inadequate training in research ethics, and lack of control and coordination of their functions. Compulsory and adequate research ethics training for researchers and ethical committee members could guarantee trust, and appreciation of the utmost importance... (shrink)

As tentativas de desenvolver uma cristologia a partir de uma perspectiva exclusivamente africana podem ser consideradas uma das expressões contextuais do empreendimento teológico cristão. É claro que, no contexto do Cristianismo mundial, toda teologia é contextual. Este artigo, explora criticamente as ideias cristológicas de um dos principais teólogos africanos, Bénézet Bujo, situa as muitas reflexões sobre Cristo no contexto africano. O artigo argumenta consistentemente a favor da necessidade da cristologia africana e de uma compreensão aprofundada do argumento de Bujo, para (...) tornar a pessoa de Cristo inteligível na África, empregando a categoria tradicional africana de ancestral. O ancestral como paradigma cristológico permanece controverso, pois levanta muitas questões quanto à sua adequação na compreensão de Cristo para os cristãos africanos. No entanto, a avaliação do paradigma deve ir além da busca de uma interpretação lógica que o vincule às formulações cristológicas predominantes do Ocidente, para buscar o significado da revelação dentro da cosmovisão africana. Este artigo, portanto, avalia as percepções de Bujo e destaca as deficiências de seus argumentos, ao mesmo tempo, chama mais atenção para seu alcance ético e catequético. (shrink)

As tentativas de desenvolver uma cristologia a partir de uma perspectiva exclusivamente africana podem ser consideradas uma das expressões contextuais do empreendimento teológico cristão. É claro que, no contexto do Cristianismo mundial, toda teologia é contextual. Este artigo, explora criticamente as ideias cristológicas de um dos principais teólogos africanos, Bénézet Bujo, situa as muitas reflexões sobre Cristo no contexto africano. O artigo argumenta consistentemente a favor da necessidade da cristologia africana e de uma compreensão aprofundada do argumento de Bujo, para (...) tornar a pessoa de Cristo inteligível na África, empregando a categoria tradicional africana de ancestral. O ancestral como paradigma cristológico permanece controverso, pois levanta muitas questões quanto à sua adequação na compreensão de Cristo para os cristãos africanos. No entanto, a avaliação do paradigma deve ir além da busca de uma interpretação lógica que o vincule às formulações cristológicas predominantes do Ocidente, para buscar o significado da revelação dentro da cosmovisão africana. Este artigo, portanto, avalia as percepções de Bujo e destaca as deficiências de seus argumentos, ao mesmo tempo, chama mais atenção para seu alcance ético e catequético. (shrink)

As tentativas de desenvolver uma cristologia a partir de uma perspectiva exclusivamente africana podem ser consideradas uma das expressões contextuais do empreendimento teológico cristão. É claro que, no contexto do Cristianismo mundial, toda teologia é contextual. Este artigo, explora criticamente as ideias cristológicas de um dos principais teólogos africanos, Bénézet Bujo, situa as muitas reflexões sobre Cristo no contexto africano. O artigo argumenta consistentemente a favor da necessidade da cristologia africana e de uma compreensão aprofundada do argumento de Bujo, para (...) tornar a pessoa de Cristo inteligível na África, empregando a categoria tradicional africana de ancestral. O ancestral como paradigma cristológico permanece controverso, pois levanta muitas questões quanto à sua adequação na compreensão de Cristo para os cristãos africanos. No entanto, a avaliação do paradigma deve ir além da busca de uma interpretação lógica que o vincule às formulações cristológicas predominantes do Ocidente, para buscar o significado da revelação dentro da cosmovisão africana. Este artigo, portanto, avalia as percepções de Bujo e destaca as deficiências de seus argumentos, ao mesmo tempo, chama mais atenção para seu alcance ético e catequético. (shrink)

It has been reported by some studies that the desire to be involved in decisions concerning one’s healthcare especially with regard to obtaining informed consent is related to educational status. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to assess the influence of educational status on attitude towards informed consent practice in three south-eastern Nigerian communities.