Background:Through education, individuals acquire knowledge, skill and attitudes that facilitate professional socialization; it involves intellectual, emotional and psychomotor skill development. Teachers are role models for behaviour modification and value development.Objective:To examine students’ perceptions of faculty members’ ethical and unethical attitudes during interactions in undergraduate nursing.Research design:This descriptive study consisted of two phases. In Phase I, we developed an instrument, which was administered to nursing students to assess validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 32 items. Cronbach’s α was 0.83, and (...) test–retest reliability was good. In Phase II, a 32-item version of the instrument was administered to nursing students from another university.Participants and research context:Participants included 219 nursing students from one university in Phase I and 196 from another university in Phase II. The study was conducted at the universities attended by the participants.Ethical considerations:Ethical approval was granted by the institutions involved, and all participants provided informed consent.Findings:In Phase I, the instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties for measuring nursing students’ perceptions of faculty members’ ethical and unethical behaviours. In Phase II, students considered certain professional and personal qualities, including respecting confidentiality and students’ private lives and assuming an impartial stance during interactions in the classroom, examinations, or clinical practice, ethical. They considered using obscene examples or unprofessional speech during teaching, selling textbooks in class, using university facilities for personal interests, engaging in romantic relationships with students, and humiliating students in front of patients or staff in clinical settings unethical.Conclusion:Results of this study suggest that nurse educators should be aware of their critical role in the teaching–learning process, and they must scrutinize their attitudes towards students from an ethical point of view. (shrink)

In studies on the history of Sufism, the Qajar period is an important source, especially for researching the influence of Shiite thought on Sufism. Sufism, which was transformed into a different concept like gnosis, was defended by Sunni sects in this period, while it was the source of transformation and change activities of Shiite sects. The sects that endeavored to protect Sunni Sufism, especially the Qadiriyya and Naqshbandiyya sects, have gained the favor of the people in the limited regions where (...) they are located, even though their activities have been restricted. In the 19th century when modernization and independence movements took place. and XX. YY. Although the Qajars made short-term agreements, fearing the presence of Sunni sects on the border and the caliphate power of the Ottoman Empire, they continued their policy of intimidation and pressure. Qajars have a tolerant attitude towards Shiite sects; He wanted to gain power by getting the support of Safi Ali Shahiyya for the modernization of society. Sâfî Ali Şâh and his caliph Zahirüddevle Ali Hân Kaçar carried out various activities to integrate Sufism with modernism. In particular, Zahirüddevle's establishment of the Encümen-i Uhuvvet Cemiyeti, which introduced the Sufi approach based on the understanding of brotherhood and equality, and the fact that his disciples were urban intellectuals, facilitated the revolutions. Zahirüddevle; He handled Sufi concepts such as melamism-futuwwa, murshid-murid according to the needs of his age and tried to integrate tradition and modernism. This study aims to reveal the perception of Sufism in the Qajar period and to discuss the activities of the Shiite sect Safi Ali Shahiyya based on integrating Sufism with modernism. This study, which was carried out by specifically referring to Shiite sources, aims to present the panorama of the Sufi thought of an era. The importance of the article is that there is little work done in this field. (shrink)

Şiir, masal ve destan yazarı olan Feqîyê Teyran, tasavvuf edebiyatının önemli şairlerinden biridir. Yaşantısı üzerinde derli toplu bilginin bulunmadığı müellifin şiirlerinin derlendiği Divan adlı eserinde en uzun manzume olan Şéx Sen’anî, dikkat çekici ve oldukça öğretici bir hikâyedir. Hikâyenin Fars, Türk ve Kürt edebiyatında tasavvuf meşrepli şairler tarafından sıkça kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Hikâyede; Hristiyan kızın sevgisine ulaşmak için elindeki maddî-mânevî makamları terk eden, içki içen, Hıristiyan olan, zünnar bağlayan şeyhin yolculuğu üzerinden Feqîyé Teyran, mecâzi aşktan ilâhi aşka seyr-i sülûku anlatmaktadır. Bu (...) aşk; Muhaddis, mutasavvıf ve adı kaynaklarda Abdürrezzâk olarak bilinen şeyhin ibretlik kıssasında, vahdet-i vücût anlayışı içerisinde değerlendirilmektedir. İlâhi nûrun mazharını sevdiğinde gören Şéxin hikâyesinde Feqî, ilâhî isim ve sıfatların hüküm ve eserlerinin zuhûrunun insanda gerçekleştiğini anlatmaktadır. Vahdet-i vücûd ilkesi ile alakalı vahdet-kesret, tecellî, cezbe, hayret, cemâl, yakîn, aşk gibi tasavvufî kavramların eserinde geçiyor olması, varlığın birliğini ispatlamak için geçerli, sağlam ve ikna edici hususlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. (shrink)

İnsanlığın kurtuluşu olan İslâm’ın temsilcileri olan peygamberler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirdiği ilâhî davet, hükme uygun olarak kavimlerinin bireylerini her zaman tefekküre yönlendirme, insanları aklını kullanan bireyler olarak inanmaya sevk etme şeklinde şeklinde seyir izlemiştir. Özellikle Hz. Muhammed’in uyguladığı; kişinin eğitim seviyesi, psikolojisi ve anlama ufkunu dikkate alarak dil ve üslûplarında olgunluk içerindeki davet yöntemini sûfîler de şîar edinerek İslâm’ın dünyanın dört bir yanına ulaşmasına katkılarda bulunmuşlardır. Özellikle sonraki dönemlerde müesseseleşen tarikatlar kanalıyla tasavvuf ehli, Hakk’ı ve halkı sevme, Rikkatli olma, halk için çalışma, (...) Hakk’a bağlı ve sadık olma, İmanın bütün hakikatlerine vakıf olma ve Allah’a bütün mevcudiyeti ile teslim olma bilinciyle davetlerini tatbik etmişlerdir. Sûfîlerin “neyi ne ölçüde ve hangi yöntemle davet etmek gerekir?” sorusuna Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve Hz. Peygamber’in metodlarına binâen cevaplarını ve etkilerini aktarmak önem arz etmektedir. (shrink)

Faith has a great place in the epistemology of Augustine, who adopted the phrase “you will not understand unless you believe (_nisi credideritis, non intellegetis_).” This situation has led to the comments by the philosophers that reason is insufficient or has no importance in Augustine, but according to Augustine, reaching the truth is only possible with the working of reason and belief together, and it cannot happen without any of them. The rational part of the soul (_animus_), which is at (...) the top of it, is like a door to God, but faith is essential for this to be possible. According to Augustine, the reason why faith is necessary for the realization of divine illumination, which is the only way to reach the truth, is that the will, polluted by original sin, hinders the mind, and that which will enable the mind to grasp all mysteries is the purification of the will by faith. In this study, why Augustine used faith together with reason will be examined in terms of the relationship between divine illumination and the will. (shrink)

This article aims at answering the following questions: What is the influence of age structure on the spread of coronavirus disease 2019? What can be the impact of stringency policy on the spread of COVID-19? What might be the quantitative effect of development levelincome and number of hospital beds on the number of deaths due to the COVID-19 epidemic? By employing the methodologies of generalized linear model, generalized moments method, and quantile regression models, this article reveals that the shares of (...) median age, age 65, and age 70 and older population have significant positive impacts on the spread of COVID-19 and that the share of age 70 and older people in the population has a relatively greater influence on the spread of the pandemic. The second output of this research is the significant impact of stringency policy on diminishing COVID-19 total cases. The third finding of this paper reveals that the number of hospital beds appears to be vital in reducing the total number of COVID-19 deaths, while GDP per capita does not affect much the level of deaths of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, this article suggests some governmental health policies to control and decrease the spread of COVID-19. (shrink)