Una potencia de libre pensamiento inigualada atraviesa la filosofía del siglo XX. De la mano con las filosofías nietzscheana y heideggeriana que tan profundamente marcan nuestra época, surgen dos filósofos franceses cuya obra llena de pasión incita a la reflexión incesante. Cabe agregar a ello la silenciosa complicidad con que llegan a las intuiciones más profundas de sus respectivos pensamientos. Surge, entonces, un arduo y fructífero camino para la investigación: la dilucidación de las importantes conexiones con que se desenvuelve la (...) creación filosófica de Deleuze y Foucault. (shrink)

This paper discusses the status of about childhood in Theodor Adorno’s critical theory, focusing on his reflections on the body, on technique and on play that mark childhood as another form of reason. Childhood is portrayed by Adorno as a place of the “first utopia,” that longed for and permanently uninhabited homeland that resists any rescue attempt, but illuminates the desire we once experienced, in a play between body and thought, dream and reality. Adorno’s child evokes the experience of another (...) order of reason that feeds on the memory of the human’s animal nature, without, however, being exempt from the dominant historical forces that affect the processes of subjectivation. These reflections start with the writings of Adorno and what his dialogues with interlocutors, such as Benjamin, Freud, and Huizinga, contribute to the analysis of the topic. In the second part of the article, in an effort to understand the potential and the limits of technologically-mediated play, we discuss several studies of virtual reality, especially electronic games. Conjectures about how contact with reality is already damaged in childhood by the relationship with technology, which establishes a desire for instant gratification, suggest a critique of the quality of attention that children receive in their education, and provide clues about the increasing appearance of socio-affective disorders, which culminate in the preference to dispense with time, the body, and real contact with other children in favor of electronic play. (shrink)

Computational sociology models social phenomena using the concepts of emergence and downward causation. However, the theoretical status of these concepts is ambiguous; they suppose too much ontology and are invoked by two opposed sociological interpretations of social reality: the individualistic and the holistic. This paper aims to clarify those concepts and argue in favour of their heuristic value for social simulation. It does so by proposing a link between the concept of emergence and Luhmann's theory of communication. For Luhmann, society (...) emerges from the bottom-up as communication and he describes the process by which society limits the possible selections of individuals as downward causation. It is argued that this theory is well positioned to overcome some epistemological drawbacks in computational sociology. (shrink)

Early adolescence is a developmental stage that comprises some basic interactional processes with parents, which can be described as gaining autonomy while maintaining relatedness. Studying how maternal and paternal involvement influence the life satisfaction of sons and daughters during early adolescence is especially important while seeking to understand the challenges of this developmental stage. In this paper, we investigate the differential effects of maternal and paternal involvement, as assessed by sons and daughters, on their life satisfaction during early adolescence. We (...) use a unique survey conducted in Chile, The National Survey on Student Trajectories and Transitions, focusing on a subsample of 497 early adolescents attending 5th to 8th grade. Our findings indicate that both paternal and maternal involvement are positively correlated with the life satisfaction of adolescents. We also find that the gender of adolescents moderates the effect of maternal involvement, so daughters who deemed the involvement of their mothers to be more positive reported greater life satisfaction. More positive paternal involvement correlates with greater life satisfaction for sons and daughters. We discuss some mechanisms that might bring about these differences. (shrink)

El papel de las pasiones en la ética es uno de los temas más recurrentes y controvertidos en la ética es uno de los temas más recurrentes y controvertidos en la ética clásica. De cómo se conciba este papel se derivan importantes consecuencias para la concepción y par ala posibilidad misma de la educación moral. En este trabajo se ana lizan y se valoran las posiciones sobre estas cuestiones, principalmente, de Sócrates y de Aristóteles como los dos paradigmas fundamentales a (...) este respecto. (shrink)

El estudio de la akrasía o incontinencia que Aristóteles abre en el libro VII de Ética a Nicómaco es una de las primeras aproximaciones filosóficas al problema de la maldad específicamente humana. Este artículo comienza identificando el tipo humano que revela la akrasía, señalando su importancia filosófica y exponiendo brevemente la explicación aristotélica del fenómeno. Después categoriza las diferentes formas que puede asumir la transgresión de los propios principios morales, según dos criterios independientes. Por un lado, el tipo de deseo (...) que vence a la razón. Por otro lado, el momento del razonamiento práctico en el que tiene lugar la akrasía. Cruzando ambos criterios, encontramos una tipología rica y matizada de la akrasía, así como de la enkráteia. Asimismo, se ofrece una interpretación del valor moral de esta tipología, en el que cada uno de los tipos akrásicos merece una determinada calificación ética. Finalmente, esta evaluación ilumina la propia concepción ética y antropológica de Aristóteles. (shrink)

El uso prolongado de la voz es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías vocales en docentes. Actualmente, estos profesionales se ven obligados a usar mascarilla para dictar sus clases, lo que puede resultar en alteraciones vocales. Durante la virtualización de las clases los docentes debieron adaptar algún espacio doméstico para desempeñar sus funciones frente a un computador, disminuyendo la actividad física y fomentando un estilo de vida sedentario, lo que pudo ocasionar algún trastorno músculo-esquelético. Con este panorama, (...) el propósito del estudio es identificar efectos en la voz por la mascarilla y lesiones músculo-esqueléticas en docentes. (shrink)