O texto tem como preocupação central refletir sobre a relação entre ética e gestão de instituições educacionais. É fru to de preocupações e de pesquisas em desenvolvimento voltadas, principalmente, para o âmbito da gestão. O objetivo principal é mostrar como as várias teorias éticas podem nortear as ações para uma gestão ética. Sua relação e contribuição, como parâmetros para uma gestão ética, estão condicionadas pelos modelos da gestão e pelos pressupostos básicas das teorias éticas, entre elas, autilitarista tem tido maior (...) aplicabilidade na gestão das organizações. (shrink)

Wie ist es möglich, durch das Nachdenken über die notwendigen Bedingungen der Erfahrung und des Weltbezugs zu validen Aussagen über eine Welt zu gelangen, die unabhängig von erfahrenden Subjekten existiert? Die vorliegende Studie entwickelt dieses Problem der objektiven Geltung ausgehend von der zeitgenössischen Debatte um transzendentale Argumente. Sie gewinnt so einen systematischen Zugang zu zwei paradigmatischen Entwürfen des nachkantischen Idealismus: Hegels Phänomenologie des Geistes und Fichtes Wissenschaftslehre 1804-II. Im Zuge einer detailgenauen, auf systematische Fragen fokussierten Rekonstruktion beider Werke zeigt der (...) Autor, dass Hegel und Fichte das Problem objektiver Geltung jeweils unterschiedlich durch eine philosophische Therapie auflösen, welche die Form eines Aufstiegs zum absoluten Wissen hat. Die Studie präsentiert eine neuartige Lesart von Hegels Phänomenologie, die ihr Bezüge zur Methode geometrischer Konstruktion nachweist, sowie von Fichtes WL 1804, die die Rolle des Begrifflichen neu bestimmt. Systematisch entwickelt sie ein skeptisches ‚revenge problem‘: Der Idealismus ist mit einer internen Spannung von Objektivitätsanspruch und Skepsis behaftet, welche den transzendentalen Ansatz zur Steigerung seines Reflexionsniveaus auffordert. (shrink)

What has ethics got to do with my job? How can I take on ethical responsibility and help to make my company more successful at the same time? Although 'ethical responsibility' has become something of a catchphrase these days, most people only have a vague idea what it means and how it can be demonstrated in actual practice.Disasters like the Volkswagen's emission scandal, the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the nuclear meltdown of Fukushima, the global financial crisis, and (...) countless lesser-known cases of damage to human beings and the environment are the result of unethically irresponsible business practices. Efforts to maximize profits frequently lead to reckless behavior, as those in charge focus on short-term benefits and ignore social and environmental risks. Their actions have negative consequences, not only for the victims but, in many cases, for the perpetrators themselves too. Aggrieved interest groups or disadvantaged stakeholders may react with strikes, public protests, or boycotts, jeopardizing their reputation and profitability.This textbook, Applied Business Ethics, is the result of many years of research work and lecturing, and is an attempt to present the most important principles and the latest approaches in business ethics to students, teachers, and business practitioners alike, and help them to make business decisions that everyone concerned will benefit from, rather than just a few fortunate stakeholders.The author illustrates his theoretical subject matter with practical examples of real-life situations and provides numerous exercises to help the reader grasp complex issues, moral dilemmas, and business risks better. In clear, accessible, and easily understandable terms, he demonstrates how ways of finding satisfactory solutions can be found in a systematic way thanks to interdisciplinary research and philosophical reflection. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Jahrgang: 56 Heft: 4 Seiten: 489-499.

Tras siglos de guerras descarnadas, los siete poderes que dividen la tierra se han diezmado unos a otros hasta alcanzar una difâicil tregua. Muy pocos reclamos legâitimos existen ya por el Trono de Hierro, y la guerra que ha convertido al mundo en poco mâas un desierto al fin ha terminado. O eso parece. No pasa mucho tiempo antes de que los sobrevivioentes, los proscritos, los renegados y los carroäneros de los Siete Reinos se reâunan. Ahora, como cuervos humanos que (...) acechan un banquete de cenizas, nuevas intrigas y peligrosas alianzas se forman, a la vez que rostros sorprendentes--algunos familiares, otros desconocidos--emergen de un siniestro crepâusculo de caos y luchas pasadas para sumir los desafâios de los terribles tiempos que se avecinan. Nobles y plebeyos, soldados y hechiceros, asesinos y sabios se unen para hacer valer su vida y sus fortunas. Porque en un festâin de cuervos, muchos son los invitados... pero sâolo unos pocos logran sobrevivir. -- Cover, p. [4]. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to shake up the consensus view on transcendental arguments (TAs) that the ambitious “world-directed” kind fails and that only moderate, “belief-directed” transcendental arguments have a claim to validity. This consensus is based on Barry Stroud’s famous substitution objection: For any transcendental claim ‘p is an enabling condition for X’ we can readily substitute ‘the belief that p’ for ‘p’. I depart from the observation that the force of Stroud’s objection depends on it being applicable (...) to any world-directed TA whatsoever. This requires a much more substantive justification than is commonly supposed. I rehabilitate world-directed TAs by posing a dialectical dilemma for the Stroudian skeptic: a certain moderate TA is required to uphold the skeptical challenge, but this TA brings with it the commitment to a distinction which restricts the scope of the challenge, namely to ‘empirical’ instead of ‘transcendental’ beliefs about the world. The positive result is a new way of understanding what world-directed transcendental arguments are: a way of showing us which of our beliefs about the world are true because they are, in the sense of Wittgenstein’s meter-measure analogy, constitutive of our very standard for objectivity. (shrink)

Transformative theories of human nature posit that the genus of animality is wholly transformed by the specific difference of reason. The aim of this paper is to show that the two most prominent transformative approaches, ‘resolute’ and dialectical’, face a dialectical impasse that Helmuth Plessner’s philosophical anthropology is able to resolve. First, I outline objections to the resolute approach which motivate the ‘dialectical’ turn to second nature. Second, I show that the dialectical approach faces a dilemma. It either runs into (...) an internal ‘interaction problem’ by its qualitative distinction of nature and spirit. Or it assimilates both in a way that either amounts to a collapse into the resolute approach or which creates the problem of a merely ‘artificial naturalness’. Third, I reconstruct Plessner’s ‘form-typological’ approach to how the genus living being is differentiated into structural types. This enables a dilemma-free rendition of transformation as ‘natural artificiality’: it is human first nature to seek embodied expression in second nature. (shrink)

The goal of this paper is to interpret Fichte’s terminology of ‚light‘ and ‚imaging‘ in the WL-1804-ii as a rendition of transcendental principles. This analysis is intended as a contribution to the discussion concerning the theoretical status and methodology of the later doctrines of science. i begin with an exposition of four criteria for transcendentally constitutive principles: 1. presuppositional character, 2. constitutivity, 3. categorial difference between conditions and conditioned, 4. immanent justification. The systematic function of ‘light’ is exemplarily reconstructed according (...) to these criteria. The focus of analysis lies on the fourth criterion, which is framed as the philosophical problem which Fichte’s conception of a ‘law of imaging’ in the 24th and 25th lectures answers to. The ‘law of imaging’ is reconstructed as a special form of performative self-validation which is intended to satisfy the criterion of immanent justification. A further upshot of this reading is a reappraisal of Fichte’s treatment of light’s perpetual ‘objectivization’. (shrink)

Anlässlich des 75. Todestages von Rudolf Otto veranstaltete die Philipps-Universität Marburg einen Internationalen Kongress. Ottos Religionsbegriff basiert auf der Erfahrung des Heiligen. Das stellt für die gegenwärtigen Debatten in der Theologie, der Religionsphilosophie, der Religionsästhetik und schließlich auch wieder in der Religionswissenschaft ein beachtliches Anregungspotenzial bereit. Der Band dokumentiert die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der gegenwärtigen Beschäftigung mit Otto in internationaler Perspektive.

BackgroundMany discretionary foods contribute both to individual health risks and to global issues, in particular through high carbon footprints and water scarcity. Snacking is influenced by the presence of snacking cues such as food availability, observing others eating, and negative affect. However, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the effects of negative affect. This study examines whether the individual odds of consuming high-calorie snacks as a consequence to being exposed to known snacking cues were moderated by experiencing higher or (...) lower total negative affect per day or higher or lower negative affect variability per day.MethodsSecondary analysis of an ecological momentary assessment study of 60 participants over 14 days with food logs and randomly timed assessments of known snacking cues. High total daily negative affect levels and negative affect variability were examined as moderators to predict high-calorie snacking in three-level hierarchical random effects logistic regressions.ResultsConsistent with previous studies, the odds of snacking increased when food was available, when others were eating, and when participants experienced more negative affect. Associations for food availability and others eating were significantly moderated by negative affect variability such that associations between cues and high-calorie snacking were weaker on days with higher negative affect variability, but not negative affect levels.ConclusionThe relationship between cues to high-calorie snacking and snacking behavior varies with variability in negative affect, suggesting a complex relationship between affect and high-calorie snacking. Clearer conceptualizations on the relation between affect and eating are needed. (shrink)

This is a review of a book by Simon Schüz, in which transcendental arguments in Fichte and Hegel are examined.

Analogy (Latin: proportio) is the epistemological principle par excellence for the ancient world. Plato calls it the "most beautiful bond" that holds the cosmos together. For Aristoteles, analogies between different species and genera should enable a better understanding of structural features in biology. The most powerful relationship, however, is the one known as Pros-hen, which forms the basis of all being-analogy teachings in the Middle Ages. In the 20th century, analogical thinking finds its way into phenomenology and psychoanalysis. This volume (...) presents analogy starting from antiquity through the Middle Ages and modern times and explores its potential in the context of contemporary philosophical discussions. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Damir Barbarić, Dr. Marcel Bodea, Prof. Dr. Johannes Brachtendorf, Dr. Elenio Cicchini, Prof. Dr. Virgil Ciomoș, Prof. Dr. Ion Copoeru, Dr. Nicoletta Di Vita, Prof. Dr. Karen Gloy, Prof. Dr. Michael Heidelberger, Dietmar Koch, Dr. Dalia Nassar, Dr. Alina Noveanu, Dr. Manuel Schölles, Dr. Simon Schüz and Dr. Niels Weidtmann. (shrink)