I. Singminji sigi p'yŏn -- II. Chŏnhwan'gi ŭi iron oe.

_The purpose_ of the article is to clarify the philosophical principle of the local in the context of modern political governance. _The theoretical basis_ of the research embraces scenario analysis, dialectical and existential approaches, as well as philosophical anthropology and philosophy of communication. Local communities are a specific reflection of the connection between a person and a place. The specifics of the formation of a special mode of being, which forms and reproduces relations of loyalty, mutual understanding, and a common (...) feeling in the locus, are established. _Originality._ The article for the first time focuses on the anthropological content of local existence, which is the matrix of civil culture and the prospects of its integration into the global cultural space. _Conclusions._ Local identity as an object of purposeful formation in the conditions of nation-building requires considering the philosophical provisions that were introduced in the anthropological discourse. At the current stage, Ukrainian civil culture strives to invent specific local meanings of political identity in the conditions of external aggression. Its main components will be consensus, mutual respect, integrity, and the will to unite in order to protect statehood. Interdisciplinary meanings of locality form subject-object relations within which modern political management should be carried out. Taking into account the ethnic, cultural, and socio-functional, and role aspects of locality promises to ensure effective decision-making and increase the well-being of modern local communities. The political context of locality is formed based on the interaction of local political actors and institutions. Their examination within the framework of the case studies approach allows for empirically substantiating the local priorities of political actions. It also indicates the specific functionality of local political and administrative structures. at the local level, the discussed source of locality is the question of the origin or authenticity of the local population. For political governance, this is one of the meaningful contexts for justifying local autonomy or even sovereignty. (shrink)

A. I begin with some emendations founded on familiar evidence. ii. 9. aspice quos summittat humus formosa colores.In each of the following verses of the stanza from u. 9 to u. 14 natural and spontaneous beauty is the subject. Verse 9 has seemed unsatisfactory because it lacks the very point which it should introduce. All the emendations have attacked formosa because it is repeated in u. 11: morosa, Housman, dumosa, nemorosa, muscosa, and other even less probable adjectives have been suggested.

탈냉전 탈이념의 시대상을 피력하고, 21세기 세계사 주도권 참여를 위한한국인의 역사적 소명, 문명론적 근거를 제시한 저술.

1. Kodae ch'ŏrhak sasang -- 2. Chungse ch'ŏrhak sasang 1 (Se nara sigi wa Parhae mit hugi Silla sigi) -- 3. Chungse ch'ŏrhak sasang 2 (Koryŏ sigi) -- 4. Chungse ch'ŏrhak sasang 3 (Yijo chŏnban'gi) -- 5. Chungse ch'ŏrhak sasang 4 (Yijo hugan'gi) -- 6. Chungse ch'ŏrhak sasang 5 (Yijo hugan'gi) -- 7. Kŭndae ch'ŏrhak sasang 1 -- 8. Kŭndae ch'ŏrhak sasang 2 -- 9. Puryo pulgul ŭi hyŏngmyŏng t'usa Kim Hyŏng-jik Sŏnsaengnim ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang -- 10. Widaehan suryŏng Kim (...) Il-sŏng Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 1 -- 11. Widaehan suryŏng Kim Il-sŏng Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 2 -- 12. Widaehan suryŏng Kim Il-sŏng Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 3 -- 13. Widaehan yŏngdoja Kim Chŏng-il Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 1 -- 14. Widaehan yŏngdoja Kim Chŏng-il Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 2 -- 15. Widaehan yŏngdoja Kim Chŏng-il Tongji ŭi ch'ŏrhak sasang 3. (shrink)

Open peer commentary on the article “Circularity and the Micro-Macro-Difference” by Manfred Füllsack. Upshot: We join Füllsack in his effort to untangle the concepts of circular causation, macro states, and observation by reanalyzing one of our own simulations in the light of these concepts. This simulation presents an example agent that keeps track of its own macro states. We examine how human observers can consider such an agent as an observing agent on its own.

Open peer commentary on the article “Subsystem Formation Driven by Double Contingency” by Bernd Porr & Paolo Di Prodi. Upshot: Agents that learn from perturbations of closed control loops are considered constructivist by virtue of the fact that their input (the perturbation) does not convey ontological information about the environment. That is, they learn by actively experiencing their environment through interaction, as opposed to learning by registering directly input data characterizing the environment. Generalizing this idea, the notion of learning by (...) experiencing provides a broader conceptual framework than cybernetic control theory for studying the double contingency problem, and may yield more progress in constructivist agent design. (shrink)

Open peer commentary on the article “Exploration of the Functional Properties of Interaction: Computer Models and Pointers for Theory” by Etienne B. Roesch, Matthew Spencer, Slawomir J. Nasuto, Thomas Tanay & J. Mark Bishop. Upshot: We support Roesch and his co-authors’ theoretical stance on constructivist artificial agents, and wish to enrich their “exploration of the functional properties of interaction” with complementary results. By revisiting their experiments with an agent that we developed previously, we explore two issues that they deliberately left (...) aside: autonomous intentionality and dynamic reutilization of knowledge by the agent. Our results reveal an alternative pathway to constructivism that addresses the central question of intentionality in a single agent from the very beginning of its design, suggesting that the property of distributed processing proposed by Roesch et al. is not essential to constructivism. (shrink)