The explanation of the relationship between God and humans, as portrayed in Islam, is often influenced by the images of God and of human beings which theologians, philosophers and mystics have in mind. The early period of Islam disclose a diversity of interpretations of this relationship. Thinkers from the tenth and eleventh century had the privilege of disclosing different facets of the relationship between humans and the divine. God and Humans in Islamic Thought discusses the view of three different scholars (...) of the time: Abd al-Jabbar, Ibn Sina and Al-Ghazali. The relationships discussed in this work are: divine assistance, lu³f, according to 'Abd al-Jabbar; human love and attraction to the divine, 'ishq, according to Ibn Sina, and finally the mystical annihilation of the self in the divine unity, fana', of al-Ghazali. They introduce three approaches of looking at this relationship. In order to perceive these concepts, their perception of God and of the human nature will also be examined here. The starting-point of this research was the desire to set forth a variety of possible relationships which are all in accordance with Islamic belief, but nevertheless demonstrate diversity in understanding the relationship between the human and the divine which in turn suggests the concept of plurality within one religion. Examining these three concepts, which build firm connections between God and humans, reveals the importance of rational inquiry in medieval Islamic thought, not only because it was a source of logical arguments for Islam against its opponents but mainly because it built different bridges leading to God. God and Humans in Islamic Thought attempts to shed light on an important side of medieval rational thought in demonstrating its significance in forming the basis of an understanding of the nature of God, the nature of human beings and the construction of different bridges between them. (shrink)

This volume of essays presents a selection of studies in the ways in which Platonist psychology is adapted to the needs of thinkers in the three great religious ...

Das Verhältnis zwischen Vernunft und Offenbarung ist seit den Anfängen des Islams Thema muslimischer Gelehrsamkeit. Religiöse Wissenschaften, wie Hadith, Koranwissenschaften und Fiqh nahmen sich dieser Debatte frühzeitig an. Der vorliegende Sammelband zeigt die Wichtigkeit eines rationalen Umganges mit geoffenbarten Texten. Die Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit den Argumenten der Muʿtaziliten, Aschʿariten und Māturīditen und ihrem rationalen Ansatz der Koran- und Hadith Interpretation. Moderne Denker haben sich bei ihren Reformdiskussionen von deren nach wie vor gültigen Argumenten inspirieren lassen.

Der vorliegende Sammelband behandelt Aspekte der Rationalität in der Moderne, wobei gegenwärtige Positionen der islamisch-rationalistischen Theologie untersucht werden. Die Struktur des Buches ist der Tatsache geschuldet, dass die sogenannte moderne Periode islamisch- rationalistischer Theologie keine festen Denkschulen ausgebildet hat. Es äußern sich vielmehr jeweils einzelne intellektuelle Denker, die zwar miteinander kooperieren, indem sie gewisse Grundlinien gemeinsam verfolgen, jedoch hauptsächlich unabhängig voneinander forschen. Auch wenn es aufgrund dieser Gegebenheit schwierig erscheint, moderne Entwicklungen der islamischen Theologie zu klassifizieren, lassen sich die rationalen (...) Denkweisen der Moderne in drei Teilbereiche untergliedern: die neue Kalām-Wissenschaft, das philosophische Denken, und die Menschenrechte. Im ersten Teil behandeln die Beiträge jene Denker, denen es darum geht, den mittelalterlichen Kalām unter Zuhilfenahme moderner Theorien, wie der historisch kritischen Methode und neuerer hermeneutischer Systeme neu zu beleben. Die Beiträge im zweiten Teil behandeln muslimische Philosophen, deren Forschungen sich auf Bereiche jenseits religiöser Themen erstrecken, wie islamische Ethik, Demokratie und Säkularismus. Der dritte Teil des Bandes widmet sich jenen Denkern, die sich intensiv mit der Frage der Menschenrechte aus islamischem Blickwinkel befasst haben, wobei die Beiträge wiederum drei Themenbereiche behandeln: Rechte der Frauen, Toleranz und Interreligiöser Dialog. (shrink)

Al-Radd al-jamīl, A Fitting Refutation of the Divinity of Jesus Attributed to Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. Edited by Mark Beaumont and Maha El Kaisy-Friemuth. History of Christian-Muslim Rela- tions, vol. 28. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Pp. vii + 207. $125, €104.

Philosophical analysis of Buddhist doctrines; articles.

Le portrait des héros de séries télévisuelles a progressivement évolué ces dernières années pour faire émerger la figure de l’antihéros, un trope caractérisé par une ambiguïté morale, un système de valeurs individualiste et, paradoxalement, un pouvoir de séduction majeur sur les spectateurs. Il s’agira de comprendre ce qui justifie l’intérêt que l’on porte à ce genre de personnages, et ce que la valorisation de comportements misanthropiques, marginaux ou parfois violents, révèle des valeurs de nos sociétés.

The mathematical model of physical problems interprets physical phenomena closely. This research work is focused on numerical solution of a nonlinear mathematical model of fractional Maxwell nanofluid with the finite difference element method. Addition of nanoparticles in base fluids such as water, sodium alginate, kerosene oil, and engine oil is observed, and velocity profile and heat transfer energy profile of solutions are investigated. The finite difference method involving the discretization of time and distance parameters is applied for numerical results by (...) using the Caputo time fractional operator. These results are plotted against different physical parameters under the effects of magnetic field. These results depicts that a slight decrease occurs for velocity for a high value of Reynolds number, while a small value of Re provides more dominant effects on velocity and temperature profile. It is observed that fractional parameters α and β show inverse behavior against u y, t and θ y, t. An increase in volumetric fraction of nanoparticles in base fluids decreases the temperature profile of fractional Maxwell nanofluids. Using mathematical software of MAPLE, codes are developed and executed to obtain these results. (shrink)

On Nyaya philosophy; Sanskrit text with English translation.

Timetabling problems are specific types of scheduling problems that deal with assigning certain events to the timeslots. This assigning is subject to certain hard constraints that should be achieved to get a feasible timetable and soft constraints that must meet as many as possible during forming a feasible schedule. This paper introduces an adaptive tabu search. Eleven benchmark datasets of the year 2002 are applied to show the effectiveness of the introduced algorithm. These datasets consist of 5-small, 5-medium, and 1-large (...) dataset. As compared to other methods from previous works, the proposed algorithm produces excellent timetables, in comparison with the algorithms as well as the current results, the mathematical results showed the high effectiveness of the suggested algorithm. It has a minor deficit on the medium or the small problem adaptive Tabu, and the tabu search relies on the tabu list and penalty cost when the change in the penalty cost is checked; if it is still unchanged for the period of iterations (1,000 iterations), the tabu list reduces automatically by (−2); furthermore, the tabu list remains constant. (shrink)

In 2022, the Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE) and the World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH) submitted a proposal to host the 17th edition of the World Congress of Bioethics. After announcing that the CILE‐WISH proposal was the winning bid, concerns were raised by bioethicists based in Europe and the USA. To address these concerns, the International Association of Bioethics (IAB) developed a dedicated FAQ section, in coordination with the host institutions, for the first time in IAB (...) history. One‐to‐one communication ensued and individual responses were shared with these colleagues. As a continuation of this conversation, we (CILE Acting Director, WISH Research Fellow and Head of Content, and WISH CEO) address the concerns raised in the Letter‐to‐the‐Editor of Bioethics by Graaf et al. As we support the call to revisit some contentious issues within the global community of bioethicists, we maintain that this should be based on meticulously discussed, informed, consistent and equitable criteria. We also argue that mutual learning from diverse cultures and moral traditions is the optimal way for our scholarly community to be truly global and to eschew the flaws ensuing from ethnocentric discourses. (shrink)

Recently, the variety of the financial frauds have increased, while the number of victims became difficult to estimate. The purpose of this paper is to present the main profiles of financial frauds’ victims using a reviewing method. The analysis captures the main theoretical and empirical background regarding the motives and circumstances of becoming a victim, the dynamics of several social and demographical characteristics of this type of victims, as well as a sample of relevant case studies from some developing countries. (...) The main finding is that, in literature, most of the victims are male people of different ages, employed, married or single, regardless the level of education. For developing countries such as China, India and Nigeria, the majority of victims act out of naivety and desire to escape from poverty, while some victims from Latin America, China and Nigeria are influenced by greed and lack of empathy, without thinking of further consequences for their families and friends involved. Moreover, most of the victims are convinced to invest in financial schemes by family members, friends, or acquaintances. (shrink)

This study provides a scoping review of the recent conceptual developments about the deviant work behavior and counterproductive work behavior constructs. It also examines the specific types of deviant work behavior that have been more consistently investigated in the last decade, and whether they cover the interpersonal or organizational type of deviant behavior. In addition, individual, group, and organizational predictors of deviant work behaviors are examined. A scoping review of reviews was conducted on Scopus and Web of Science databases and (...) 54 studies published from 2010 to June 2021 were taken into account. Results show that more recent conceptualizations are based on well established models in the literature and consider the hierarchical structure of these two constructs. Recent reviews examine the relationships of deviant work behavior with job performance and ethical behavior constructs, the multilevel nature of deviant work behavior, and the consequences for the actor of the deviance. The specific types of deviant work behavior more frequently reviewed in the last decade are workplace abuse, incivility, ostracism, bullying and sexual harassment, and abusive and destructive leadership; this evidence suggests a much greater attention to interpersonal, rather than organizational, forms of deviant work behavior. Regarding antecedents, results show the continuing prevalence of personality factors antecedents. Limitations of the study and theoretical and practical implications for the field are also provided. (shrink)

BackgroundAssessing and understanding the language that women use to express physical, emotional, and social concerns of breast cancer experiences can often be overlooked, even though there is evidence that effective communication between cancer patients and health care providers improves quality of life. This study aims to assess the use of metaphors in conceptualizing breast cancer experience lived by Saudi Arabian women.Materials and MethodsThis is an interpretative phenomenological qualitative study, a purposeful sample of 18 breast cancer patients at an oncology outpatient’s (...) clinic in Saudi Arabia were invited to engage in face-to-face interviews. Data was analyzed using Metaphor Identification Procedure.ResultsFour themes were constructed: dark hidden force, battling imminent death, dreaming and awakening calls, and inner and outer transformation.ConclusionIdentifying metaphors may be beneficial toward improving communication between health care providers and breast cancer patients, who often experience difficulties expressing their needs. (shrink)

Fake news detection involves predicting the likelihood that a particular news article is intentionally deceptive. Arabic FND started to receive more attention in the last decade, and many detection approaches demonstrated some ability to detect fake news on multiple datasets. However, most existing approaches do not consider recent advances in natural language processing, i.e., the use of neural networks and transformers. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of neural network and transformer-based language models used for Arabic FND. We examine (...) the use of neural networks and transformer-based language models for Arabic FND and show their performance compared to each other. We also conduct an extensive analysis of the possible reasons for the difference in performance results obtained by different approaches. The results demonstrate that transformer-based models outperform the neural network-based solutions, which led to an increase in the F1 score from 0.83 to 0.95, and it boosted the accuracy by 16% compared to the best in neural network-based solutions. Finally, we highlight the main gaps in Arabic FND research and suggest future research directions. (shrink)

On Buddhist teachings by Somdet Phra Mahāwīrawong (Phim Thammatharō), a senior Thai monk, on habits for personal well-being.

On the principles and philosophy of Aṇuvrata, Jaina sect.

Text explaining in accordance to Sanskrit grammar; select usage of words in commentary of Brahmasūtra by Śaṅkarācārya.

On the philosophy of integral education as an alternative educational process as followed in India.

Modern viewpoint on Dharma and Hindu religious practices; articles.