Jose Marti contributed greatly to Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain with words as well as revolutionary action. Although he died before the formation of an independent republic, he has since been hailed as a heroic martyr inspiring Cuban republican traditions.

In the concept of "gift," some contemporary thinkers perceive the possibility for a renewal of philosophical and theological reflection. The Parisian philosopher Claude Bruaire innovately proposes to understand "gift" ontologically rather than phenomenologically or sociologically. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore Bruaire's ontology of gift , while testing its ability to elaborate an adequate interpretation of the essence of finite and infinite spirit. ;Bruaire views gift and being as coextensive for two reasons. First, he interprets being in terms (...) of spirit and of freedom. Gift then is the name of the ternary freedom-spirit-being. Second, being-of-spirit is gift because God is not only absolute spirit, he is also Triune. ;The first part of the dissertation explains how, for Bruaire, the intimation of Christian revelation enhances philosophy and suggests the elaboration of an ontology of spirit. We then proceed to show in what way, prior to the development of his ontodology , Bruaire's systematic anthropology and his conception of absolute spirit were built around a notion of gift which was yet to be developed fully. In the course of this discussion the necessity for an ontological account of gift emerges clearly. ;The second part unfolds Bruaire's ontodology in three steps. We first of all recount how the retrieval of the concept of spirit enables Bruaire to restore the notion of being to philosophical reflection. We then explain in what way the human spirit is given to the self in order to become self. Finally, we show that, for Bruaire, the infinite, creator, and eternal spirit is gift because God is donation , reddition , and confirmation of the gift . Entering in conversation with the philosophy of Hegel and Schelling, Bruaire draws from German Idealism key themes and terms, and corrects them in the light of the principle of unfathomable positivity stemming from his comprehension of Christianity. This approach enables him to develop a cogent interpretation of being as love. (shrink)

This dissertation studies the relationship between divine providence and human freedom in Hegel's thought. The view taken in this study is that an understanding of this relationship in the philosophy of Hegel hopefully will shed significant light on the contemporary dialogue that considers religious faith not as an alienating human experience, but rather, as fundamental for full human liberation and self-realization. ;The underlying hypothesis of this study is that the Absolute Spirit in Hegel's philosophy, not only is the providential trinitarian (...) God of the Christian religion; but it is also thereby what constitutes precisely the ultimate foundation and necessary condition of possibility for authentic human freedom. ;In line with this, for Hegel, on the one hand, authentic human freedom necessarily entails man's creative commitment to the revolutionary progressive process of human liberation from oppression that is taking place in man's history under divine providence; and on the other hand, the nature of divine providence coincides with the internal logic of the reconciling love of the trinitarian God. Hence, our study attempts to show that, according to Hegel, world history is constituted by a progressive process of liberating reconciliation among men, that takes place in the very process wherein men reconcile themselves with the trinitarian love of God. This reconciliation of man with the trinitarian love of God specifically entails man's "paschal" elevation to the eternal death and resurrection of God that takes place in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. ;While our study concentrates especially on Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion and on the Introduction to his Lectures on the Philosophy of History, its main ideas are elucidated by taking into consideration also the works of Hegel's mature system since and including the Phenomenology of Spirit. (shrink)

Manifesto: reoccupying the collective imagination -- Green cultural citizenship -- Negotiating green cultural citizenship -- Media as ideological ecosystems -- Evolving media ecosystems -- Gardening media ecosystems -- Towards mediating an earth democracy.

A través del análisis del lenguaje audiovisual y la comprensión del proceso de creación de algunas de las series anime más destacadas de la última década, este artículo pretende establecer las cualidades estéticas y técnicas actuales más representativas de este modelo de animación. Unos aspectos significativos que podrían dar lugar a una nueva etapa en la historia de la animación japonesa, ya que no solo las técnicas de producción o difusión han seguido evolucionando sino también su narrativa y estética han (...) traspasado la frontera de lo establecido, desarrollando un proceso de creación tan eficiente que se ha convertido en un referente para las producciones occidentales. (shrink)

Jean-Luc Marion is one of several contemporary French philosophers who focus upon the issue of givenness and gift; other notable French thinkers who have addressed this theme are Jacques Derrida and the late Claude Bruaire. Although they come to different conclusions, all of them agree that the theme of gift, donation, or givenness is not merely one interesting topic among many, but that it is rather indispensable to any serious reflection on the nature of the whole. For Marion in particular, (...) the question of givenness guides, to some extent, all of his work. In God Without Being, for example, he argues that when the Biblical God announces his name in Exodus—“I am who am” —what matters is not so much that he gives his name to Moses, but that he gives it. Hence, in Marion’s reading, God’s most proper name is not being or the scholastic Ipsum esse subsistens but “love”—which, for Marion, is the “icon,” as he calls it, that allows the incomprehensible to be seen while impeding any conceptualistic reduction of it. Being Given is the second volume of a trilogy whose first part, Reduction and Givenness, proposes what Marion considers the phenomenological principle: “so much reduction, so much givenness.” The first volume argues that every phenomenology is a phenomenology of givenness—in the sense both of an objective and a subjective genitive. BG clarifies the meaning of givenness by addressing three distinct questions over the course of its five books: whence does givenness proceed? ; what does givenness give? ; and who receives what is given?. The principal insight of the work concerns what Marion calls “the saturated phenomenon,” a theme that will be treated more fully in the third volume of his trilogy, In Excess. (shrink)