Auguste Comte accorde à l’opinion publique une place centrale dans sa sociologie et, par voie de conséquence, dans la politique qu’il en déduit. Cet intérêt le distingue dans son temps comme dans la tradition sociologique. La singularité d’Auguste Comte s’affirme surtout dans l’analyse qu’il fait de l’opinion publique, lui attribuant le statut de force sociale par excellence, jouant d’abord un rôle majeur, au cours de la phase intermédiaire, dans la résistance de la société aux forces de (...) dispersion, puis, à l’âge positif, un rôle de gouvernement des affections bienveillantes et du lien social. C’est l’opinion publique organique. La tâche de défendre la société assignée par Auguste Comte à la philosophie positive, place ainsi la sociologie dans une relation symbiotique avec l’opinion publique.Auguste Comte puts public opinion at the heart of sociology and, as a consequence, the politics that flows from it. This sets Comte apart from his contemporaries and from mainstream sociology. Auguste Comte’s singularity can be seen above all in his analysis of public opinion. Comte sees public opinion as a social force par excellence, playing a major role first of all in the intermediate phase, as society resists dispersion forces, then, in the positive age, a governing role over benevolent affection and social networks. It is organic public opinion. The job of defending society assigned by Comte to positive philosophy means that there is a symbiotic relationship between sociology and public opinion. (shrink)

Auguste Comte accorde à l’opinion publique une place centrale dans sa sociologie et, par voie de conséquence, dans la politique qu’il en déduit. Cet intérêt le distingue dans son temps comme dans la tradition sociologique. La singularité d’Auguste Comte s’affirme surtout dans l’analyse qu’il fait de l’opinion publique, lui attribuant le statut de force sociale par excellence, jouant d’abord un rôle majeur, au cours de la phase intermédiaire, dans la résistance de la société aux forces de (...) dispersion, puis, à l’âge positif, un rôle de gouvernement des affections bienveillantes et du lien social. C’est l’opinion publique organique. La tâche de défendre la société assignée par Auguste Comte à la philosophie positive, place ainsi la sociologie dans une relation symbiotique avec l’opinion publique. (shrink)

The essay analyzes the conflict which opened after the French Revolution between public opinion and ideology. In this space of reflection the second seemed sometimes as the hidden face of the first one. Public opinion historically represented the institutionalization of the possibility of a disagreement on the legitimacy of the body politic. It has thus made possible a speech on the political detached from religion. As is clear from the controversy of Napoleon against the ideologues and the Marxian (...) critique, ideology does not get to be the science of social discourse and its alienation, to become a set of sophistry on social conditions. Discussing the arguments of Tocqueville, Bourdieu and Reynié about the deficit of reflexivity of public opinion, the author affirms its distance from the ideology, because it requires anyway an investment for religious believe his propositions. (shrink)

This article tries to confront the answers to certain questions in the opinion poll with the analysis of class conflict in our types of societies.It is wrong to say that people have modified the image they have of society, or that they would not consider it in terms of division and conflict any langer : conflicts are rather well perceived by public-opinion ; their aggravation is felt by many.According to the results of the poll, public opinion holds (...) it that positions in the professional authority structure tend to be no longer identical with positions in the authority structure in society as a whole. This distinction goes together with a diminution of the importance of the professional role. While quite well perceiving authority conflicts, the public seems to try to keep at some «distance» from these conflicts.According to their electorate's structure, political «families» express images of society either rather in terms of division and coercion, or more in terms of integration. (shrink)

This article offers an interpretation of the first part – most often neglected by commentators – of « A Few Words on Non-Intervention » by John Stuart Mill. It shows that these pages are not a naive apology of the English foreign policy: on the contrary we have to seriously consider the ideas concerning public opinion and the need for diplomats to reform their language, which are here exposed. Indeed, it is only possible to understand the emancipatory aims of (...) John Stuart Mill in this article, by determining what are for him the nature of public opinion and its role in the foundation of an effective “principle of non-intervention”. The comparison with the texts of his predecessors – Bentham and James Mill – then serve to shed light on the new and decisive function of the “public spirit” in international relations as it appears here. (shrink)

The article presents some of the results of public opinion polls that were carried out as a part of a panel poll, organized by the «Institut Universitaire de Sondage d'Opinion Publique» and covering 1.500 belgian voters.The article specifically deals with the following items - the meaning of the votes shift between 1971 and 1974 ;- the moment at which voting decisions crystallized in the 10-3-74 elections;- the way in which the political climate was perceived, and the predominant (...) cares voters had before the elections;- the impact of certain attitudes on votes shifting: an analysis of these processes. (shrink)

There are very few publications concerning the history of the foreign policy of Belgium. Those concerning the relation between public opinion and international relations are even less frequent. Based on publications of the results of public opinion polls organized by the Universitary lnstitute for Economic and Social Information, and a limitedchoice of other written sources, it is possible to prove that the call on the public opinion concerning the history of international relations, and even more for the (...) decision making, must be treated very carefully. In fact, there doesn't exist just one but several public opinions. The reactions in Belgium on the resolution of the United Nation concerningthe division of Palestine may be a clear example of the latter. (shrink)

Religion privée, Opinion publique, ouvrage consacré à l’examen de la formation du syntagme « opinion publique », maître mot ou concept?, exige beaucoup de son lecteur. Cela tient d’une part au caractère particulièrement resserré du propos : en un espace relativement restreint se trouve concentrée une grande quantité de références empruntées à des horizons très divers, convoquées en vue d’éclairer la notion d’opinion publique, qui est ainsi replacée dans son devenir effectif, et non traitée (...) f... (shrink)

Des avancées sur le front de la théorie et des méthodes des sondages d’opinion publique permettent d’envisager des dispositifs d’enquête expérimentaux donnant une plus large place aux questions ouvertes, voire à des séquences mêlant questions fermées et ouvertes. Ils rendent ainsi possibles la constitution de véritables corpus « d’énoncés d’opinion publique ».

Des avancées sur le front de la théorie et des méthodes des sondages d’opinion publique permettent d’envisager des dispositifs d’enquête expérimentaux donnant une plus large place aux questions ouvertes, voire à des séquences mêlant questions fermées et ouvertes. Ils rendent ainsi possibles la constitution de véritables corpus « d’énoncés d’opinion publique ».

Since about 1900, public opinion has generally been defined as a psychosocial phenomenon. We want to return to a more political definition because it provides a more synthetical view of it.As such, it requires to be analyzed essentially in dialectical contrast with decision making.Different aspects may be distinguished in it, such as «opinion families» and «opinion movements». Their processes are not quite identical, altough they are simultaneous.Furthermore, public opinion exists everywhere. But it follows different ways whether (...) it appears in hierarchical or in egalitarian institutions. (shrink)

Cet article propose de faire dialoguer Adorno et Bourdieu en explorant certains de leurs textes sur l’opinion personnelle, l’opinion publique et le sondage d’opinion. À partir de leurs réflexions respectives concernant ces phénomènes socialement interdépendants, il s’agit de mettre en relief ce qui rapproche et distingue ces deux penseurs. En examinant d’abord la question de l’intériorisation de la domination par les acteurs sociaux, puis la production sociale et médiatique d’opinions et d’habitus communs, et enfin la consolidation (...) a-critique de ces derniers occasionnée par certains présupposés propres aux sondages d’opinion, l’article analyse trois niveaux différents où opère la domination sociale. Malgré les différences entre ces deux penseurs, je soutiens qu’il existe entre eux une complémentarité critique, théorique et méthodologique, qui permet à la fois de prolonger, d’enrichir et de mettre à l’épreuve aussi bien le projet d’une théorie critique de la société que la sociologie engagée et critique. (shrink)

During a qualitative survey we made among AIDS prevention campaigners in France, respondents stated in particular that they believed in the effectiveness of activities that prompt subjects to accomplish « mini-acts » before and after receiving persuasive arguments. As their opinion does not derive from scientific literature, we carried out an experiment, in an everyday environment with 196 subjects chosen at random and based on theories of persuasive communication and commitment, to investigate the validity of representations concerning these « (...) mini-acts » accomplished via the Internet. The results show, in particular, that the campaigners’ intuitive beliefs are sound, since these mini-acts effectively contribute to AIDS prevention. (shrink)

One of the most disputed questions among economists is that of "the role" and "size" that the public sector should have in a rich and developed country like France. -/- The importance of this question is understandable, because the history of nations is filled with examples of a sector (or a branch) of the economy becoming too large, or remaining too small, hampering growth or making the economy more vulnerable. A recent case is that of the "Financial Corporations Sector", which (...) doubled in size in several countries during the two decades leading up to the 2008 economic collapse [1]. -/- It is therefore legitimate to ask whether this is not also the case, in France, with "General Government" or "the Public Sector". -/- We explain why the argument most often used by those who hold this opinion (that the ratio "public expenditure/GDP" is a good measure of the size of the public sector and that in France it is too high) is not a serious one. -/- . (shrink)

Espace d'expression et de discussion, les forums médiatiques font se rencontrer des individus aux opinions et appartenances variées. Il s'agit d'observer le rôle du dispositif communicationnel et la manière dont ses membres en usent: privilégient-ils la dimension conversationnelle ou publicitaire? quelle est la nature de cet espace public et des échanges qui s'y déroulent? L'analyse statistique et de contenu des courriels révèle un espace interactionnel de groupe où la publicité l'emporte sur la sociabilité, ainsi qu'une parole publique dégradée marquée (...) par l'incommunication et une dérive ethniciste.Space for expression and discussion forums are media meet individuals with varied opinions and affiliations. It is to observe the role of communicative device and how its members wear: they prefer the conversational dimension or advertising? What is the nature of public space and exchanges that take place? Statistical analysis and content of emails reveals a group interactional space where advertising outweighs sociability, and a degraded public speech marked by miscommunication and a drift ethnocentric. (shrink)