Human diploid fibroblasts have a finite proliferative lifespan in culture, at the end of which they are ararrested with G1 phase DNA contents. Upon serum stimulation, senescent cells are deficient in carrying out a subset of early signal transduction events such as activation of protein kinase C and induction of c‐fos. Later in G1, they uniformly fail to express late G1 genes whose products are required for DNA synthesis, implying that they are unable to pass the R point. Failure to (...) pass the R point may occur because senescent cells are unable to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein, owing to the accumulation of inactive complexes of cyclin E/Cdk2 and possibly cyclin D/Cdk4. Senescent cells contain high amounts of p21, a potent cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor whose levels are also elevated in cells arrested in G1 following DNA damage, suggesting that both arrests might share a common mechanism. Cell aging is accompanied by a progressive shortening of chromosomal telomeres, which could be perceived by the cells as a form of DNA damage that gives rise to the signals that inactivate the cell cycle machinery. (shrink)

[1] Filozofsko-politički ogledi -- 2. Filozofsko-sociološki ogledi.

Normal forms for wide classes of closed IL formulas were given in Čačić and Vuković. Here we quantify asymptotically, in exact numbers, how wide those classes are. As a consequence, we show that the “majority” of closed IL formulas have GL-equivalents, and by that, they have the same normal forms as GL formulas. Our approach is entirely syntactical, except for applying the results of Čačić and Vuković. As a byproduct we devise a convenient way of computing asymptotic behaviors of somewhat (...) general classes of formulas given by their grammar rules. Its applications do not require any knowledge of the recurrence relations, generating functions, or the asymptotic enumeration methods, as all these are incorporated into two fundamental parameters. (shrink)

sv.1. Učenje o sadržajima prava -- sv. 2. Učenje o oblicima prava-dogmatska teorija o pravu.

Vjekoslav Bajsić , koji je poput Karla Balića u mnogim bitnim postavkama svojega mišljenja i svoje »integralne skolastike« anticipirao temeljna nastojanja enciklike Fides et ratio, razvio je u svojim istraživanjima vrlo osebujno razumijevanje prirodne znanosti. U ovome se radu nastoji pokazati kako je Bajsić najsuvremenije prirodoznanstvene spoznaje pokušao učiniti ne samo religijski relevantnim, već jednako tako i samu religiju pokazati kao temeljni osmišljavajući moment prirodoznanstvenih istraživanja, bez kojega same prirodne znanosti uvijek iznova dospijevaju u »krizu smisla« vlastitoga postupanja. U (...) tom se smislu razmatra i Bajsićev pojam »hominizacije« znanosti, ali i same religije, tj. njegovo nastojanje da religija i znanost ponovno zadobiju svoje životno svjetovno utemeljenje i svoju značajnost za konkretan ljudski život, bez čega one postaju bezsvjetovnim i nadvremenskim datostima koje više nemaju mogućnost da konkretnoga čovjeka oslove u njegovom faktičnom životu.Vjekoslav Bajsić der wie sein Vorgänger Karlo Balić in vielen Ansätzen seines Denkens und in seiner sogenannten »integralen Scholastik« die Grundbemühungen der Enzyklika Fides et ratio antizipiert hat, entwickelte in seinen Forschungen ein eigentümliches Verständnis der Naturwissenschaft. In diesem Beitrag versucht man zu zeigen, wie Bajsić nicht nur die modernsten naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse religiös relevant gemacht hat, sondern zugleich die Religion selbst als das sinngebende Grundmoment der naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungen betrachtet, ohne das die Naturwissenschaften selbst in „Sinnkrise” des eigenen Verfahrens immer wieder gelangen. In diesem Sinne wird auch Bajsićs Begriff der „Hominisation” der Wissenschaft erörtert, zugleich aber der Religion selbst, d.h. seine Bemühung, die Religion und Wissenschaft ihre lebensweltliche Begründung und ihre Bedeutsamkeit für das konkrete menschliche Leben wieder zu erreichen, ohne die sie die weltlose und überzeitliche Gegebenheiten werden, die keine Möglichkeit mehr haben, den konkreten Menschen in seinem faktischen Leben in Anspruch zu nehmen. (shrink)

The paper outlines the historical development of question about ambiguous and mysterious human nature, in particular considering the reasons and conditions for the founding of modern philosophical anthropology. Subsequently, it brings an overview of the conceptual beginnings and directions of anthropological research in Croatia. The focus is on the following questions: When did the investigations begin in the field of philosophical anthropology, in what kind of thinking environments were they shaped and what scientific achievements were reached? The presentation brings to (...) light the cognition that philosophical anthropology in Croatia got its first contours and valuable contributions to the very beginning of the contemporary renewal of this discipline, shortly after its phenomenological and scientific revivals in the ventures of Scheler and Plessner. The development of this research branch is, according to Hans Lankʼs model, divided into four main conceptual orientations. The anthropology from above shows the creative contributions of Stjepan Zimmermann, Vilim Keilbach, Rajmund Kupareo, Miljenko Belić, Ante Kusić, Josip Ćurić, Hrvoje Lasić and Ivan Koprek. The anthropology from below is illustrated by the reference to the research by Vera Ehrlich-Stein, Rudi Supek, the Institute of Anthropology, Pavao Rudan and Darko Polšek. For the anthropology from culture, the philosophical achievements of Pavao Vuk-Pavlović, Vladimir Filipović, Vjekoslav Mikecin, Esad Ćimić, Nikola Skledar, Branka Brujić, Milan Galović and Mihaela Girardi-Karšulin were delineated. Under the anthropology from history, the works of Predrag Vranicki, Milan Kangrga, Vanja Sutlić, Gaja Petrović, Hotimir Burger, Mislava Kukoč and Raul Raunić are outlined. The conclusion summarises four insights. 1. Philosophical anthropology is an under-researched and not enough appreciated field, which represents one of the most fertile currents of thought in the 20th century. 2. Creative contributions are presented in all four major orientations. 3. In the context of anthropological research, lively dialogue and a fruitful meeting of different worldviews were realised. 4. The beginnings of the development of the discipline should be moved earlier in history than previously considered, from the 1950s and 1960s to the early 1930s. The last insight points to the need for further exploration of the perceived, and so far largely neglected, continuity of anthropological themes and related ideas in the history of recent philosophy in Croatia. (shrink)