Leonhard Swidler, guru besar teologi Katolik di Universitas Temple di Philadephia dan pendiri Institute for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue, termasuk teolog Katolik Amerika Serikat sangat terkenal. Delapan tahun lalu ia menerbitkan buku yang pantas diperhatikan. Judulnya saja mengagetkan: Jesus was a Feminist. Namun kita tidak perlu berprasangka. Buku ini bukan salah satu dari pelbagai tulisan ideologis. Yang dimaksud Swidler dengan feminis Yesus seorang feminis sangat radikal (h. 33) adalah bahwa Yesus vigorously promoted the dignity and equality of women in the (...) midst of a very male-dominated society (ibid.). Swilder juga menyebut Yesus androgynous karena dalam kepribadiannya terdapat fusion and balance of so-called masculine and feminine psychological traits (h. 34). Seni Swidler adalah bahwa ia mengajak kita bersama membaca keempat injil dan, itulah kehebatannya, kita dibuat Swidler melihat sesuatu yang sebetulnya selalu kita baca, tetapi sekurang-kurangnya oleh penulis ini tidak diperhatikan (Swidler kadang-kadang sedikit menjemukan, karena ia membahas semua teks satu-satu dalam empat injil di mana perempuan muncul sehingga pengulangan tidak dapat dihindari). Swidler menunjukkan betapa tegas Yesus berdiri di pihak para perempuan, dan bahwa itu merupakan kontras keras terhadap sikap dalam lingkungan bangsa Yahudi, lingkungan Yesus sendiri, yang patriarkal. Feminisme Yesus menjadi mencolok karena sikap-sikap Yesus terhadap kaum perempuan berlawanan total dengan kebiasaan dan pandangan budaya Yahudi zaman itu, dan khususnya juga dengan sikap resmi pustaka Rabinistik. Suatu contoh ada di Lukas 36 50 (wanita pendosa yang mencuci kaki Yesus dengan tetes tangisannya): Ada Yesus yang begitu peka terhadap curahan hati perempuan itu dan ada sikap tak mengerti, bahkan tersinggung tamu-tamu lain. Dalam agama Yahudi jelas dan eksplisit perempuan diberi peran sekunder terhadap laki-laki, perempuan harus taat pada suami, ia tidak dapat menjadi saksi, dalam sinagoga ia harus diam. Atas latar belakang itu sikap Yesus terhadap perempuan, dan sikap keempat penginjil terhadap semua perempuan yang muncul, amat kontras.... Tulisan Swidler betul-betul sebuah pembuka mata. Artinya, sesuatu yang selama ini sudah selalu dibaca dalam injil, tetapi tidak diperhatikan, mendadak menjadi mencolok dan ternyata penting. Orang akan membaca Injil dengan mata baru. Ia menyadari suatu dimensi yang dalam seluruh ajaran dan spiritualitas Gereja tidak pernah diberi perhatian. Kesadaran akan patriarkat serta tuntutan agar harkat kemanusiaan perempuan diakui, sesuatu yang sejak pertengahan abad lalu diperjuangkan oleh feminisme, lahir dari luar Gereja. Justru karena itu keyakinan Swidler bahwa pengembalian martabat perempuan merupakan unsur amat penting dalam kabar gembira Yesus adalah begitu penting. Orang tidak perlu sependapat dengan Swidler dalam semua hal, tetapi penegasan bahwa bagi Yesus pengakuan terhadap martabat perempuan yang tak kalah dengan martabat laki-laki merupakan tantangan yang wajib diperhatikan oleh setiap teolog. Sudah waktunya bahwa hampir 2000 tahun kebutaan Gereja terhadap dimensi feminis dalam pewartaan Yesus diakhiri. Sebagai catatan akhir: Swidler tidak memasuki pertanyaan ten-tang apakah Gereja berhak menahbiskan perempuan menjadi imam dan uskup. Tetapi ia menyinggungnya. Menurutnya implikasi dari sikap Yesus terhadap perempuan maupun cerminan sikap itu dalam tulisan empat penginjil adalah bahwa penolakan terhadap penahbisan perem-puan tidak dapat mendasarkan diri pada suatu ajaran Yesus. Alasan mengapa masalah imamat perempuan tidak muncul lebih jelas dalam Perjanjian Baru adalah bahwa tatanan hirarkis pimpinan Gereja menurut slagorde uskup, imam dan diakon baru menjadi baku sejak akhir abad ke-2 dan pada waktu itu nada feminis maklumat Yesus sudah tenggelam dalam prasangka budaya patriarkal umat Kristiani. (Franz Magnis-Suseno, Guru Besar Ilmu Filsafat Emeritus, Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara, Jakarta). (shrink)

**** A reprint of Gilson's estimable book of 1936 (Sheed and Ward) (endorsed by BCL3). These 20 lectures were delivered as Gifford Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Jacques Maritain's An Introduction to Philosophy was first published in 1931. Since then, this book has stood the test of time as a clear guide to what philosophy is and how to philosophize. Inspired by the Thomistic Revival called for by Leo XIII, Maritain relies heavily on Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas to shape a philosophy that, far from sectarian theology in disguise, is driven by reason and engages the modern world. Re-released as part of the Sheed & Ward (...) Classic series, An Introduction to Philosophy is sure to enliven the minds of students and general readers for years to come. From the new introduction by Ralph McInerny: You are about to read a magnificent introduction not only to a kind of philosophy but to philosophizing itself. Jacques Maritain was a relatively young man when he wrote this book, but his effort is one that attracts any philosopher more and more as he grows older. However odd and unusual what he says becomes, the philosopher yearns to show how even the most abstruse claims can be put into relation with what the reader already knows. That, in its essence, is what teaching is. In this book, the reader will find a wise and certain guide into philosophizing as such. And, in the end, he will find that what he reads is really only a refinement and development of what he and everybody else already knew. (shrink)

Jacques Maritain's An Introduction to Philosophy was first published in 1931. Since then, this book has stood the test of time as a clear guide to what philosophy is and how to philosophize. Inspired by the Thomistic Revival called for by Leo XIII, Maritain relies heavily on Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas to shape a philosophy that, far from sectarian theology in disguise, is driven by reason and engages the modern world. Re-released as part of the Sheed & Ward (...) Classic series, An Introduction to Philosophy is sure to enliven the minds of students and general readers for years to come. From the new introduction by Ralph McInerny: You are about to read a magnificent introduction not only to a kind of philosophy but to philosophizing itself. Jacques Maritain was a relatively young man when he wrote this book, but his effort is one that attracts any philosopher more and more as he grows older. However odd and unusual what he says becomes, the philosopher yearns to show how even the most abstruse claims can be put into relation with what the reader already knows. That, in its essence, is what teaching is. In this book, the reader will find a wise and certain guide into philosophizing as such. And, in the end, he will find that what he reads is really only a refinement and development of what he and everybody else already knew. (shrink)

John Courtney Murray’s landmark work, We Hold These Truths, was conceived and brought into being by the editors of Sheed & Ward, who wanted to bring Murray’s work to a broad cross-section of America. When it first appeared, the book was reviewed favorably in both religious and secular journals. Political conservatives were particularly enthusiastic about its defense of natural law principles and its opposition to secularism. By the late 1960s, liberal Catholics interested in legalizing abortion began citing its distinctions (...) between public and private morality. In the 1980s, neoconservative Catholic thinkers embraced the book for much the same reason that conservatives had endorsed it in 1960. While many other Catholic thinkers on both the left and right have grown more critical of the work in recent years, neoconservatives have remained its most dedicated adherents. (shrink)

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Theologia: The Fragmentation and Unity of Theological Education. By Edward Farley. Pp.xiv, 206, Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1983, $14.50. Unity in Theology Unity in Theology: Lonergan's Framework for Theology in its New Context. By Michael C. O'Callaghan. Pp.xlii, 553, Lanham, University Press of America, 1980, $24.50, $16.75. Understanding Karl Rahner, vol.1: A Theologian in Search of a Philosophy. Understanding Karl Rahner, vol.1: A Theologian in Search of a Philosophy. By George Vass. Pp.xix, 153, London, Sheed and Ward, 1985, £8.50. Understanding Karl Rahner, vol.2: The Mystery of Man and the Foundations of a Theological System. By George Vass. Pp.xvii, 200, London, Sheed and Ward, 1985, £9.50. Ignatius von Loyola Ignatius von Loyola: Die Exerzitien. By Lothar Lies, Pp. 142, Innsbruck‐Vienna, Tyrolia Verlag, 1983, DM 26. The Name of Christ The Name of Christ: The Names of Jesus Used by the Early Cristians, The Development of the Jesus Prayer. By Irenée Hausherr. 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