У статті досліджено світові тенденції розвитку морських портів за останні роки. Визначено напрямки розвитку, які демонструють взаємодію морського транспорту і світової економіки. Виділено чинники макросередовища, які суттєво впливають на діяльність підприємств морської галузі України. По кожній групі висвітлена проблема та рекомендовані напрями дій. На думку авторів, утілення в життя запропонованих заходів сприятиме підвищенню конкурентоспроможності українських портів на світовому ринку за рахунок збільшення обсягів перевалки вантажів, залучення нових вантажопотоків, розширення асортименту робіт та послуг.

У статті розглядаються головні засади рецепції філософії Ніцше Жилем Дельозом у працях «Ніцше та філософія» (1962) і «Ніцше» (1965), розглядаються мотиви звернення Дельоза до текстів німецького мислителя в контексті актуальності його ідей для французької філософії другої половини ХХ століття. Автор статті намагається продемонструвати, як за допомогою німецького мислителя крізь такі Ніцшеві поняття, як смисли і цінності, невинність, становлення і суверенітет Дельоз переоцінює етичну концепцію універсалізму та прагматизму; дослідити його власну стратегію боротьби з діалектикою Гегеля, розвиваючи на основі текстів Ніцше альтернативу (...) їй. (shrink)

An alternative to the traditional religious and religious art was the time, which, especially in the XX century, began to intensively transform the entire arsenal of sacred art into the art at a fast pace. All changed - architecture, fine arts, music, literature... There were new types of art, and traditional ones, under the pressure of socio-economic changes and globalization processes, experienced significant deformations in both form and content. Extrapolation of these tendencies to the life of the Christian church and (...) its sacred inspiration in religious art caused a violent reaction, opposition and confusion. Christianity also had to face similar processes, to adapt to the demands of time, but the scale of change that life in the 20th century required was completely different. (shrink)

Introduction. In the Russian philosophical tradition, domestic philosophical concepts are rather poorly considered at the moment. In fact, there is no coverage of regional specific features: the problems that worried and united Russian philosophers within the boundaries of one or another temporalterritorial locality. The purpose of the article is to consider the views of the Tyumen philosopher-ethicist Yuri Mikhailovich Fedorov in the context of their relevance at present and in the context of a continuous research tradition. Methods. The author proceeds (...) from the methods of hermeneutics, which are obligatory in this case, and also uses L. Laudan’s theory of research traditions, M. Foucault’s optics and the concept of permanent modernity. Scientific novelty of the research. The author clarifies Yu.M. Fedorov’s views through the specified methodology, considering his works in the context of a continuing philosophical tradition, with a special emphasis on the methods of subjectification. Results and conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of analytical reading of Yu.M. Fedorov’s key work “Universe of Morality”, it is concluded that the author’s concept, which combines the features of idealism, cosmism, structuralism, semiotics and existentialism, with some reservations (indicated in the article), suggests an adequate model of subjectification for a person of the XXI century. (shrink)

У статті подано схему основних груп ризиків та виділено причини їх виникнення. Констатовано, що при управлінні ризиками страхових компаній доцільно виділити 4 групи методів оцінювання, які є найбільш результативними та реальними в практичній сфері: експертні, економіко-статистичні, розрахунково-аналітичні, аналогові. Розглянуто й обґрунтовано найбільш ефективні способи контролю за ризиками. Зроблено висновки щодо наведених способів та методів управління ризиками страхових компаній, які містять низку різноманітних заходів організаційно-фінансового характеру та дозволяють певною мірою передбачити наслідки та розмір збитку, який потрібно відшкодовувати.

Introduction. The author analyzes the informa- tional discourse of the World Cup in Qatar through the prism of collective historical memory. It is assumed that the Qatari Championship turned out to be both a sporting and political event. The article highlights the main problems that formed the information agenda, as well as the vectors and trajectories of the interpretation and perception of the Championship by liberal analysts and experts. Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions (...) of the liberal perception of the World Cup in Qatar in the information discourse of “Al-Araby Al-Jadeed” through the prism of the historical politics of memory. Methods. The author uses the methods proposed within the memorial turn in modern interdiscipli- nary historiography, which make it possible to iden- tify and systematize the features of the transfor- mation of the collective historical memory of Arab societies through the prism of sports, actualised by the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Scientific novelty. The article is one of the few at- tempts to interpret the historical politics of memory in modern society in the context of the perception of sports as an element of the memorial culture and historical experience of the Arab societies of the Middle East. Results. The article analyzes the main vectors and trajectories of the use of sports for the politiciza- tion and ideologization of historical memory. It is assumed that the Championship stimulated political and ideological contradictions between Arab experts on the issues of collective historical and political experience, as well as its reflection in memorial cultures. The author believes that Arab analysts formally used sports events to update the political, social and economic problems and contradictions of the Middle East through the prism of historical memory, visualizing the trauma of the colonial and orientalist heritage. Conclusions. It is shown that the Championship ac- tualized political contradictions in the perception of current historical experience, visualizing the lines of ideological demarcation between Arab intellectuals who actively used sports as an information occa- sion for discussing the problems of historical poli- tics and the politics of collective memory, including the perception of the place and role of authoritari- anism, democracy and human rights in contempo- rary memorial cultures. The author believes that the reaction of the elites to the attempts of the liberal media to turn sport into a space for memo- rial conflicts and wars of memory was minimal, as the elites were focused on maintaining control and receiving economic dividends from the World Cup. It is shown that the politicization of sports has become the contribution of modern liberal media to the aggravation of wars of memory as a form of memorial conflicts in the Arab world. (shrink)

Розглянуто ідеї П’єра Тейяра де Шардена, Анрі де Любака, Іва Конгара, Ганса Кюнга та Карла Ранера у контексті їхнього впливу на зміст документів Другого Ватиканського Собору. Зосереджено увагу на причинах, що спонукали до пошуків нових шляхів розвитку католицької церкви за межами церковної спільноти. Розгляд ідей зазначених філософів здійснено так, щоб зрозуміти, які саме з них заклали підвалини “революції” у теологічних поглядах католицизму. На основі аналізу думок мислителів, проведено їхнє порівняння зі змістом деяких документів, прийнятих на Другому Ватиканському Соборі. Доведено, що (...) ідеї, котрі виникли у філософських та наукових колах у першій половині ХХ століття, стали передумовою для оновлення парадигми діяльності католицької церкви. Ключові слова: Другий Ватиканський Собор, католицька церква, парадигма, філософія, теологія. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the phenomena of ethnic diversification and identity in the social development of polyethnic countries. These phenomena are considered as complex socio-cultural constructs that are traditionally based on ethnicity, culture and social aspects of human life and the nature of their functioning depends on the specific conditions of development of a society. Based on the study of the works of domestic and foreign researchers, the contents of both phenomena are clarified, (...) and their key characteristics are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that in their interpretations of the phenomenon of ethnic diversification, researchers start primarily from the fact that there are representatives of different peoples and cultures in one state, united in a community based on the ethnic origin of their members. This factor is largely due to the presence of many types of identities. Particular attention is paid to the influences (positive and negative) of ethnic diversification on social processes, the role of identity in social cohesion in polyethnic countries. The contexts and fields of interaction of ethnic diversification and identity in the social space of countries with ethno-cultural diversity of their population are outlined. Attention is drawn to the historical longevity of research as the essence of the phenomena themselves, as well as their interaction. The role of ethno-political management in governance the dynamics of ethnic diversification and in the process of forming identities in order to find compromises in their interaction and achieve adequate impact of the consequences of this interaction on social processes, as well as state policy on ethno-national communities and migration. It is proposed to improve research methods of ethnic diversification based on the base of the clarification of the philosophical approach to the study of ethnic and cultural groups, the identity of which together forms the ethnic diversity of a country, and emphasizes the need to adapt them to the realities of Ukrainian ethnic diversity. (shrink)

Introduction. The author analyzes the features of the ideological confrontation and conflict between Iranian emigrant communities and the political elites of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The position of Iranian emigration is analyzed in the context of the activity of the Pahlavi dynasty representatives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ideo- logical confrontation between the two projects of Iranian political identities in contexts of criticism of the clerical regime of Iran by representatives of the Iranian political emigration (...) of Pahlavi dynasty. Methods. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of analyzing intellectual communities with the elements of the universal method of his- toricism and a comparative approach, which make it possible to identify and systematize the main features of the process of ideological confrontation between the Iranian elites and their critics from the Iranian political monarchist emigration. Scientific novelty of the study. On the one hand, the article analyzes the ideological confrontation between the clerical political regime of Iran and its critics from the communities of monarchical emi- gration as a state of remote or delayed conflict. On the other hand, the author analyzes this ideological controversy as a conflict not between society and power, but between two versions of political power: if the Iranian regime controls the political discourse in the country in fact, then its monarchist oppo- nents in exile attribute to it symbolic legitimacy and continuity with the tradition of Iranian statehood. Results. The main directions and features of criticism of the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Iranian political emigrants of a monarchist orientation are analyzed; features of political ideol- ogy are shown; the forecast of the development of the political activity of the Iranian emigration is presented. Conclusions. The author believes that 1) the mo- narchical Iranian emigration is one of the centers of attraction for emigrants from Iran in Western Europe and North America; 2) the ideologists and theorists of the monarchical emigration are consist- ent critics of the political regime established in Iran in 1979; 3) criticism of the clerical, anti-secular and undemocratic regime of Tehran, its accusations of violating human rights and freedoms in in the cen- tre of the political doctrine of the Iranian emigra- tion; 4) the political ideal of emigration is a secular and democratic Iran, where rights and freedoms are respected, and religious minorities have equal rights with the Shiite Iranian majority. (shrink)

The article considers the issues of some initial provisions of the theory of cognition as part of the theology of the famous medieval thinker Severin Boethius. The main concepts of cognition are considered: reason, intellect, intelligence, divine knowledge, universals, divine mind, simple form and others. The aim of the article is to systematically present the key problems that reveal the place of cognition as an activity that determines the meaning of human existence in the epistemological doctrine of S. Boethius. Arguments (...) in favor of the relationship between the concept of “divine mind” by S. Boethius and the concept of νους in Aristotle. The origin of the concept of “simple form” is revealed. Based on conceptual analysis, it has been shown that much of Severin Boethius’ epistemological ideas are borrowed from Aristotle. Research has been conducted on the relationship between the concepts of “simple form” and “divine knowledge” as different types of knowledge acquired through “divine intelligence”. The significance of the concepts of the highest level of cognition is demonstrated and the purpose of their introduction by S. Boethius in the work “Consolation from Philosophy” is investigated. The reasons for the diversity of means of cognition and types of knowledge, as well as the reasons for their different perfection are identified. It has been determined that the metaphysical entities that participated in such a division are destiny, providence, and the divine mind. The human use different means of cognition in education and science has been studied and the distribution of means of cognition and types of knowledge in accordance with individual sciences according to the classification of S. Boethius has been established. The result of the study is a theological interpretation of the views of S. Boethius on the limits and possibilities of human knowledge and purpose of human as a being created by God. (shrink)

Many years of experience with market economies show that without the Church, as a social institution, it is quite problematic to create an environment for a fair economy. That is why a voice of such moral authority, which is capable of improving the moral climate of the modern economy, is extremely necessary in our time. In particular, Catholic social teaching has long paid attention to economic issues. The Roman Catholic Church has been, and remains, indifferent to the issues of international (...) economy, private property, labor, humanization of the economy and a range of other problems. Poverty, hunger, unlimited desire for profit and benefits are a painful topic in papal speeches, encyclicals, and epistles. Along with changing social conditions, the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church itself evolved. This fact could not but affect the consideration of economic issues in Catholic social doctrine. (shrink)

In this article, we attempt to synthesize the findings of the branch of behavioral economics known as “picoeconomics” with insights from Foucauldian thought in order to demonstrate that a richer and more nuanced understanding of strategies for self-managing human irrationality can be achieved when both approaches are mobilized. Picoeconomic games can be modeled as an intrapsychic exercise of the disciplinary power thereby suggesting an important contributing factor to the formation of effective Ainslean will. On the other hand, picoenomic descriptions of (...) the functioning of mind do not only align with Foucault’s concept of the “techniques of the self” but also point to the possibility of the transformation of disciplinary practices into modes of subjectivation once the former are fully internalized. On the basis of these findings, we propose an empirically testable hypothesis about the biographical correlates of strong Ainslean will and a prospective area of subjectivity research in the vein of Foucauldian studies. (shrink)

Dmytro Shevchuk, Maksym Karpovets ABSTRACT: Performance theory is one of the methods that can explain dynamic and unpredictable social phenomena. The basics of our research are to be found in the artistic practices that destroyed previous classical patterns in art, while overcoming its boundaries. Accordingly, performance as a practical phenomenon has become the basis for ….

The aim of this work is to consider individual symptoms and areas of alienation in the history of mankind and in the modern information society, and the disclosure of its logic and patterns. Methodologically, the study is based on the historical, information and cybernetic approaches. The paper points to a positive feedback between the amount of knowledge in alienated form and figures of society, the development of its comprehensive intelligence. New forms of exclusion, which exist in the form of artificial (...) intelligence, robotics, and global computer networks, are analysed. The findings suggest a communicative model of the interaction of mankind with man-made external memory, which describes a non-linear process of communicating to it all human knowledge and intellectual abilities. It is emphasized that the contradiction between man and the material world created by him is the main contradiction of modernity. (shrink)

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected not only health systems worldwide, but also global civil society, it has posed a global threat to humanity with significant implications and indicated weak points of postmodern civil society such as the lack of global solidarity and global cooperation, the lack of global health equity, the increase in poverty, social insecurity and deep inequality, the lack of support for the liberal international order, the lack of coordination mechanism for responding to the pandemic. Three main crises (...) of postmodern society are identified and analysed: relations of cooperation between nations and states, protests in different countries, the inadequacy of scientific and technological achievements of civilization. The analysis of these crises led to the conclusion that, along with the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for humanity, it should be seen as a crucial moment for human civilization that identified gaps and directions for the development of global civil society. The transformation of society today must take place in terms of rethinking the consequences and results of globalization, and taking into account the processes of socio-political and socio-cultural transformation. Today, humanity needs to transform global society by reconsidering the role of WHO as a leading intergovernmental organization in the global health system, strengthening the role of global governance, creating a new paradigm of global health, developing global cooperation, solidarity and coordination towards global health equity. (shrink)

The problem of tolerance is analyzed against the background of the acute challenges of today and transformation of humanities from antiquity to postmodernism. Tolerance-related definitions arose in philosophy are examined retrospectively: patience, tolerance, respect, trust, harmony in diversity. The methodological significance of the integrative interdisciplinary prism in consideration of the phenomenon of tolerance is shown. Three leading sociocultural and communicative strategies of tolerance in social agreements have been identified: tolerant internal dialogue, tolerant communication with the world, tolerant interpersonal communication. The (...) limits of tolerance are outlined, beyond which it becomes quasi-tolerance, because behind the simulacrum of tolerance hides indifference, conformism of communicators, or sprouts of intolerance, aggression, mobbing. With the help of sociological and synergetic theories the idea of balance of tolerance in psychological, mental and spiritual, physical aspects of human existence is defended. Autotolerance is due to human self-knowledge, sound self-esteem, developed mental and emotional quotient, and under such conditions it strategically determines a tolerant dialogue with the world, a constructive worldview. In turn, it needs critical thinking and an ecological attitude to information, especially in the context of media manipulation and phubbing. The simulacrum of modern pop literature on positive thinking is outlined, in contrast to which the life-creating potential of practical philosophy is revealed, which contributes to creation of socio-cultural and communicative communities. (shrink)

The age of global risks and changes that have come into play where stable development used to be a norm and the era of postmodernism, as a possibility of the multiplicity of meanings and solutions, determine the vectors of human development in the 21st century. Human society is undergoing changes, digital technologies are increasingly penetrating various domains of life, and it has become clear, they are here to stay because they are already changing life itself. The postmodern generation, consumed by (...) "virtual reality", sees the world differently. They need knowledge different from what previous generations used where knowledge itself requires new methods of education. With all positive and negative implications, the e-learning format has established itself as a viable education option in times of the world pandemic. The way this learning format transforms the higher education system is irrevocable. Thus, an increasing number of universities are integrating online and personalized components into their courses. However, the role of the teacher remains invariably important. Although methods and format of their work may adjust and alter, it is the teacher who passes on human experience, imbues knowledge with emotional coloring and encourages reflection and reasoning. Therefore, the e-learning system rests on two factors, namely, the presence on the Internet and the development of student-teacher relations. All available research and resources are currently aimed at improving technical capabilities, whereas the "student-learner" system needs to be reconsidered. It will not be destroyed in the new conditions, rather transformed into new forms. (shrink)

The Climate Anxiety Scale is a 13-item questionnaire for assessing climate anxiety as a psychological response to climate change. The CAS consists of two subscales, namely, cognitive impairment and functional impairment. This study aimed to validate the Polish version of the CAS. The sample included 603 respondents, aged 18–70 years. Based on the exploratory factor analysis results, we proposed a 3-factor solution, which seems to be theoretically more consistent with the content of the CAS statements. The confirmatory factor analysis showed (...) that the original 2-factor solution and the 3-factor one had a satisfactory and a good fit to the data, respectively, as well as both were invariant across different gender, age, and educational level categories. Despite the fact that the 3-factor solution had the best-fit indices, we recommended to examine the CAS structure in different samples and use the overall CAS score in cross-cultural research. Cognitive and functional impairment subscales were positively correlated with personal experience of climate change, behavioral engagement, environmental identity, and environmental motives, but they were negatively correlated with climate change denial and sense of safety. The CAS subscales were correlated with depressive symptoms, but contrary to expectations, they were not associated with anxiety symptoms and any cognitive coping strategies. The Polish version of the CAS has satisfactory psychometric properties. Overall, we reported low CA levels in the Polish sample. Women and younger people experienced higher CA. (shrink)

Meet semidistributive varieties are in a sense the last of the most important classes in universal algebra for which it is unknown whether it can be characterized by a strong Maltsev condition. We present a new, relatively simple Maltsev condition characterizing the meet-semidistributive varieties, and provide a candidate for a strong Maltsev condition.

In this paper we investigate the computational complexity of deciding if the variety generated by a given finite idempotent algebra satisfies a special type of Maltsev condition that can be specified using a certain kind of finite labelled path. This class of Maltsev conditions includes several well known conditions, such as congruence permutability and having a sequence of n Jónsson terms, for some given n. We show that for such “path defined” Maltsev conditions, the decision problem is (...) polynomial-time solvable. (shrink)

The Birkhoff-Maltsev problem asks for a characterization of those lattices each of which is isomorphic to the lattice L(K) of all subquasivarieties for some quasivariety K of algebraic systems. The current status of this problem, which is still open, is discussed. Various unsolved questions that are related to the Birkhoff-Maltsev problem are also considered, including ones that stem from the theory of propositional logics.

A logic in a finite language is said to be finitely presentable if it is axiomatized by finitely many finite rules. It is proved that binary non-indexed products of logics that are both finitely presentable and finitely equivalential are essentially finitely presentable. This result does not extend to binary non-indexed products of arbitrary finitely presentable logics, as shown by a counterexample. Finitely presentable logics are then exploited to introduce finitely presentable Leibniz classes, and to draw a parallel between the Leibniz (...) and the Maltsev hierarchies. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu Kantowskiej koncepcji wolności i zła na myśl Schellinga z tzw. pisma o wolności. W pierwszej części przedstawiam trudności wyjaśnienia zła jako kategorii moralnej na gruncie koncepcji wolności ujętej jako racjonalna autonomia i przedstawionej w Uzasadnieniu metafizyki moralności i Krytyce praktycznego rozumu: Kant utożsamia wolność z posłuszeństwem prawu moralnemu i tym samym nie jest w stanie ugruntować możliwości samego wyboru dobra i zła, jak również osobowego i jednostkowego charakteru wolności człowieka jako zmysłowo-rozumnej całości. Następnie pokazuję niesatysfakcjonującą (...) próbę rozwiązania tych trudności w Religii w obrębie rozumu, w której, na gruncie teorii maksym, podejmuje on problem możliwości zła jako aktu wolności: Kant nie jest w stanie określić statusu skłonności do zła jako pozaempirycznej podstawy zła, jak i tegoż powszechności. W drugiej części omawiam Schellinga oryginalną koncepcję wolności, która ukazuje jej osobowy i jednostkowy charakter na gruncie nowej ontologii ja jako bytu swobodnie się samookreślającego. Koncepcja ta pozwoliła mu podjąć próbę rozwiązania przejętego od Kanta problemu zła. (shrink)

Though regarded today as one of the most important results in logic, the compactness theorem was largely ignored until nearly two decades after its discovery. This paper describes the vicissitudes of its evolution and transformation during the period 1930-1970, with special attention to the roles of Kurt Gödel, A. I. Maltsev, Leon Henkin, Abraham Robinson, and Alfred Tarski.

We improve on and generalize a 1960 result of Maltsev. For a field F, we denote by $H(F)$ the Heisenberg group with entries in F. Maltsev showed that there is a copy of F defined in $H(F)$, using existential formulas with an arbitrary non-commuting pair of elements as parameters. We show that F is interpreted in $H(F)$ using computable $\Sigma _1$ formulas with no parameters. We give two proofs. The first is an existence proof, relying on a result (...) of Harrison-Trainor, Melnikov, R. Miller, and Montalbán. This proof allows the possibility that the elements of F are represented by tuples in $H(F)$ of no fixed arity. The second proof is direct, giving explicit finitary existential formulas that define the interpretation, with elements of F represented by triples in $H(F)$. Looking at what was used to arrive at this parameter-free interpretation of F in $H(F)$, we give general conditions sufficient to eliminate parameters from interpretations. (shrink)

"This is an absolutely dazzling book on Orwell, casting a brilliant new light, not just on Orwell himself, but on the entire intellectual history of our time. It is a 'must read', not just for devotees of Orwell, but for anyone concerned with discussions of socialism and capitalism, totalitarianism and democracy, ideological passion and intellectual honesty. It will prove a superb teaching aid at both undergraduate and graduate levels."--Yuri Maltsev, co-author of The Tea Party Explained and editor of Requiem (...) for Marx "There has always been some mystery about how Orwell could give us the nightmare world of Ingsoc (English Socialism) while himself remaining an unrepentant English Socialist. This and other puzzles about Orwell are convincingly solved in Dr. Steele's masterly account. If you want to know what made Orwell tick, you just have to read this eloquent, provocative, and hugely entertaining book."--Barry Smith, Director of the National Center for Ontological Research and author of Austrian Philosophy. (shrink)

We consider the investigation of the embedding of semigroups in groups, a problem which spans the early-twentieth-century development of abstract algebra. Although this is a simple problem to state, it has proved rather harder to solve, and its apparent simplicity caused some of its would-be solvers to go awry. We begin with the analogous problem for rings, as dealt with by Ernst Steinitz, B. L. van der Waerden and Øystein Ore. After disposing of A. K. Sushkevich’s erroneous contribution in this (...) area, we present A. I. Maltsev’s example of a cancellative semigroup which may not be embedded in a group, which showed for the first time that such an embedding is not possible in general. We then look at the various conditions that were derived for such an embedding to take place: the sufficient conditions of Paul Dubreil and others, and the necessary and sufficient conditions obtained by A. I. Maltsev, Vlastimil Pták and Joachim Lambek. We conclude with some comments on the place of this problem within the theory of semigroups, and also within abstract algebra more generally. (shrink)

A Leibniz class is a class of logics closed under the formation of term-equivalent logics, compatible expansions, and non-indexed products of sets of logics. We study the complete lattice of all Leibniz classes, called the Leibniz hierarchy. In particular, it is proved that the classes of truth-equational and assertional logics are meet-prime in the Leibniz hierarchy, while the classes of protoalgebraic and equivalential logics are meet-reducible. However, the last two classes are shown to be determined by Leibniz conditions consisting of (...) meet-prime logics only. (shrink)

A notion of interpretation between arbitrary logics is introduced, and the poset$\mathsf {Log}$of all logics ordered under interpretability is studied. It is shown that in$\mathsf {Log}$infima of arbitrarily large sets exist, but binary suprema in general do not. On the other hand, the existence of suprema of sets of equivalential logics is established. The relations between$\mathsf {Log}$and the lattice of interpretability types of varieties are investigated.