Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Über den Stand der indischen Philosophie zur Zeit Mahaviras und Buddhas" verfügbar.

First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Much research has been done on the economic effects of self-employment, environmental conditions for entrepreneurial success, as well as attributes if the person him-/herself fits to this career path. To successfully run a business, however, is contingent on the health of the entrepreneur. In particular, small business owners (being solo self-employed without personnel) face financial uncertainties, a high workload, long working hours, and are often unable to call in sick. This study aimed at exploring the working situation considering resources (e.g., (...) autonomy), strain (e.g., dependency on contracts with clients) and health and career outcomes of small business owners. This study used a qualitative approach to comprehensively mirror the working situation. Participants who were 29 small business owners from Germany gave permission for recording expert interviews in which they reported, for example, on health complaints, recovery opportunities, obstacles and resources while running their businesses. The interviews emphasize the meaning of active actions and own responsibility for creating working conditions and enabling autonomy. Small business owners yet have to be able to use the autonomy. Besides personal preferences regarding the career path as being pulled into self-employment and not pushed by situational circumstances also marketability and flexibility played a role and explained health and career issues. Our findings underline that the social network is of utmost importance to small business owners and that social support – even or despite of being solo self-employed – is a key to sustaining health and satisfaction. As voluntariness played an essential role for selecting this specific career path those being pulled into self-employment as no other jobs are available should receive particular support through career counseling. One shortcoming of prior research is that the concrete working situation of small business owners and its impact on health and career has not adequately been taken into account. Based on work-related stress models we developed a frame model specific for the situation of small business owners which allows concrete hypotheses for further quantitative research. (shrink)

T. 1. Grundlegung -- T. 2. Jahwe, der Gott Israels, Schöpfer der Welt und des Menschen.

This article aims to explore critically John Rawls’ concept of political liberalism which is meant to be a response to the conflict and contestation of ideologies, religions, and other comprehensive doctrines in contemporary plural society. The key question is how the universalized principles of justice can be formulated in the conditionof radical pluralism characterized by contestation of different comprehensive doctrines. In answering this question, John Rawls suggests the concept of overlapping consensus and public reason. While taking accountof the fundamental contribution (...) of John Rawls’ thought in the process of overcoming conflicts in a plural society, this essay discusses further some weaknesses of Rawls’ concept of political liberalism, and at thesame time proposes a new model of political philosophy which provides room for fundamental dissent. This new political philosophy can be called liberal fundamentalism. Fundamentalism basically expressesitself in public sphere in the form of liberality. This essay argues that liberal fundamentalism can create a social condition where fundamental moral differences are accepted, respected, and recognized. Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan membahas secara kritis konsep liberalisme politik John Rawls sebagai jawaban atas konfl ik dan kontestasi pandangan hidup atau doktrin komprehensif yang menandai masyarakat kontemporer yang plural. Pertanyaan pokok yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini ialah, bagaimana prinsip-prinsip keadilan yang berlakuumum dapat dirumuskan dalam kondisi factum pluralisme atau pertarungan doktrin-doktrin komprehensif tersebut. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, Rawls menganjurkan dua konsep yakni overlapping consensus dan public reason. Tanpa mengabaikan kontribusi Rawls dalam menyelesaikan konflik dalam masyarakat plural, tulisan ini lebih jauh menunjukkan kelemahan konsep liberalisme politik John Rawls, dan menganjurkan sebuah filsafat politik baru yang harus memberi ruang bagi disensus-disensus fundamental. Filsafat politik baru itu dapat dinamakan posisi fundamentalisme liberal. Sebuah fundamentalisme yang mengungkapkan diri di ruang publik dalam bentuk liberalitas. Artinya, kondisi sebuah masyarakat yang memberi ruang bagi pertentangan-pertentangan etis fundamental, namun dihadapi dengan sikap pengakuan dan penghargaan atas perbedaan fundamental tersebut. (shrink)

Since the issue of the war against global terrorism emerged, the discourse surrounding the concept of human dignity returns as a normative basis for the protection of basic human rights. The term human dignity has existed since the days of ancient Greek philosophy and was further developed in dialogue with medieval Christian theology and the secular thought of modern times. This article places special emphasis on the understanding of human dignity as defined by a secular thinker and exponent of the (...) Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant. The concept of human dignity as developed by Immanuel Kant is rational and transcends the boundaries of religions, cultures and ideologies; therefore it is suitable as a normative basis for a multicultural society. But the article also does not turn a blind eye to some critical observations offered by adherents of particular ethics concerning the Kantian universal ethics. These critical observations emphasize the ethical principle of substantial solidarity in order to overcome the dangers of anonymity in each model of formal ethics. Keywords: Human dignity, multiculturalism, imperative, ethics, human rights. Abstrak: Sejak isu perang melawan terorisme global muncul, wacana seputar konsep martabat manusia kembali menjadi aktual sebagai basis normatif dalam melindungi hak-hak dasar manusia. Istilah martabat manusia sudah lahir sejak zaman Yunani kuno dan dalam perjalanan sejarah berdialog dengan pandangan teologi Kristen Abad Pertengahan serta pemikiran sekular abad modern. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan penekanan khusus pada pemahaman tentang martabat manusia seperti dirumuskan oleh pemikir sekular abad pencerahan yakni Immanuel Kant. Konsep martabat manusia yang dikembangkan oleh Immanuel Kant bersifat rasional dan melampaui sekat-sekat agama, ideologi dan budaya; sehingga dipandang layak untuk dijadikan basis normatif sebuah masyarakat multikultural. Akan tetapi, penulis juga tidak menutup mata terhadap beberapa catatan kritis yang diberikan oleh beberapa pengikut etika khusus berkaitan dengan etika universal Kant. Catatan-catatan kritis tersebut menekankan aspek solidaritas substansial dalam etika untuk mengatasi bahaya-bahaya anonimitas dalam setiap model etika formal. Kata-kata Kunci: Martabat manusia, multikulturalitas, imperatif, etika, hak-hak asasi manusia. (shrink)

La juridicisation croissante de notre vie publique et le fonctionnement de l'Etat de droit ont rendu nécessaire de reposer la question des modes de raisonnement fondant désormais les décisions judiciaires, de plus en plus importantes, de plus en plus nombreuses, qui régissent notre activité quotidienne. L'enjeu n'en est pas négligeable. Au-delà d'une vision "technologique" du droit - le droit, une technique, un outil... -, c'est aussi, et de manière peut-être plus inquiétante, une vision plus politique qui en est souvent suggérée (...) : la mort annoncée du droit comme technique autonome, capable de résister au politique - simple habillage, habile camouflage, d'une décision dont la motivation ne serait jamais - ne pourrait jamais être - mise en échec, orientée, ou commandée par les contraintes du droit. Entre positivisme et réalisme, l'oscillation risque d'être catastrophique. Entre ces deux abîmes, cet ouvrage tente d'ouvrir les voies d'une réflexion rigoureuse et scientifique sur les moyens intellectuels les plus nécessaires à l'affirmation - et à l'affermissement - de l'Etat de droit. (shrink)