The article presents the results of research activities which were undertaken in Volgograd Medical University to celebrate the World Bioethics Day. The theme of scientific events organized on the basis of the Department of Bioethics, Philosophy and Medical Law with a course of the sociology of medicine with the participation of the Department of Ethical, Legal and Sociological Expertise in Medicine of Volgograd Medical Scientific Center is “Benefit and Harm”. The article presents the Program of holding a scientific online conference (...) with international participation and the results of the essay competition among students and young scientists. (shrink)

The article is devoted to almost unknown monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church, a Holy Trinity Zosimo-Savvatievskaya Novo-Solovetskaya Krasnokholmskaya poustinia that was one of the important pilgrimage places of the royal family in the 17th century. Despite the fact that the monastery was founded in the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, it is an important link in the historical and cultural development of our Fatherland, primarily because the extant architectural monuments of outstanding artistic qualities. That is why the architectural ensemble (...) of the monastery occupies a prominent place in the history of Russian culture. In addition, Novo-Solovetskaya poustinia is an important historical object providing data on the development of Russian spiritual and artistic culture of the late seventeenth century. The question of cultural-historical and social roles that Orthodox monasteries played in the history of Russia is still not sufficiently studied is. The modern development of the Russian state cannot be complete without the restoration of the positive legacy that has been lost in our culture and morality. In this regard, the study of development and formation of the Orthodox monastic culture may fill this gap. Historical development of the Zosimo-Savvatievskaya Novo-Solovetskaya Krasnokholmskaya poustinia, its architecture can contribute to the restoration of our historical memory, which is an important factor in the revival of our national identity. The author of the article also tells about the history of monastery in tough years of godless power and about the people, who died for their faith and who are called now the new martyrs. (shrink)

We study the coherence, that is the equality of canonical natural transformations in non-free symmetric monoidal closed categories . To this aim, we use proof theory for intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic with unit. The study of coherence in non-free smccs is reduced to the study of equivalences on terms in the free category, which include the equivalences induced by the smcc structure. The free category is reformulated as the sequent calculus for imll with unit so that only equivalences on derivations (...) in this system are to be considered. We establish that any equivalence induced by the equality of canonical natural transformations over a model can be axiomatized by some set of “critical” pairs of derivations. From this, we derive certain sufficient conditions for full coherence, and establish that the system of identities defining smccs is not Post-complete: extending this system with an identity that does not hold in the free smcc does not in general cause the free smcc to collapse into a preorder. In order to give a larger context to these results, we study the equality of canonical morphisms in non-free symmetric monoidal categories, and establish that w.r.t. a broad subclass of smccs, the equivalences induced by the equality of canonical natural transformations over a model coincide with the equivalences induced by the equality of canonical morphisms for all interpretations in that model. (shrink)

This article is an attempt at a socio-genealogical analysis of the “philosophers of the sixties.” This is how recent literature has described the generation of young philosophers in the 1950s–1960s...

Some sufficient conditions on a Symmetric Monoidal Closed category K are obtained such that a diagram in a free SMC category generated by the set A of atoms commutes if and only if all its interpretations in K are commutative. In particular, the category of vector spaces on any field satisfies these conditions . Instead of diagrams, pairs of derivations in Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear logic can be considered . Two derivations of the same sequent are equivalent if and only if (...) all their interpretations in K are equal. In fact, the assignment of values to atoms is defined constructively for each pair of derivations. Taking into account a mistake in R. Voreadou's proof of the “abstract coherence theorem” found by the author, it was necessary to modify her description of the class of non-commutative diagrams in SMC categories; our proof of S. Mac Lane conjecture also proves the correctness of the modified description. (shrink)

Coercive subtyping offers a general approach to subtyping and inheritance by introducing a simple abbreviational mechanism to constructive type theories. In this paper, we study coercion completion in coercive subtyping and prove that the formal extension with coercive subtyping of a type theory such as Martin–Löf's type theory and UTT is a conservative extension. The importance of coherence conditions for the conservativity result is also discussed.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of interstate confrontation known as “hybrid war.” It attempts to consider this phenomenon in relation to pankration, the ancient Greek martial art with minimum limitations. The paper defines the philosophical and historical preconditions for hybrid war, its epistemological and ideological aspects. The author assesses the statement declaring Russia guilty of waging this type of war. Analysis of relevant sources allows us to answer the question of the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the (...) concept of hybrid wars and to name the authors who first expressed ideas of the transformation of war into a new type of military confrontation. An attempt is made to perform a comparative analysis of various interpretations of the concept of “hybrid war.” The place of this concept among others that are related to the so-called “new wars” is considered. The author questions a negative connotation to the concept of hybrid war and the legitimacy of attempts by Western countries to attribute the conduct of this type of military action exclusively to Russia. A number of countries attempt to use Russia as a “scapegoat,” and this complex has been described by the French philosopher R. Girard. A broader interpretation of this mechanism leads to sacralization of collective aggression, but not in relation to an individual but in relation to a participant in international relations. Comprehension of the essential features of hybrid war, of its tendencies towards eliminating restrictions and regulating forms and methods of achieving military and political goals makes it possible to identify the possibilities of resisting aggressive aspirations of some countries trying to impose their scenarios for resolving international contradictions on other states. (shrink)

Vladimir Soloviev should probably not be described as a philosopher or theologian of the highest rank. However his importance in the intellectual history of Russia and of Eastern Orthodoxy in general is peerless. This fact is now slowly beginning to seep into Western scholarship. He was and remains relevant and interesting as a formidable animator, a man of enormously diverse interests, and a genuine ecumenicist. Without him the Russian theological school in twentieth century France would not have been possible. (...) Moreover, the curious debate about his repeated conversions and reconversions and his strongly pro-Jewish essays contribute to this interest. (shrink)

The main article is devoted to the historical and philosophical reconstruction of controversy between Vladimir Solovyov and the authors of the “Faith and Reason” - a magazine of the Kharkov Theological Seminary. This controversy took its place in the “theological and journalistic” or the “theocratic” period of Solovyov’s works. Particular attention is paid to the disputes of Solovyov and T. Stoyanov, A.P. Shost'in and the French Orthodox priest Fr. Vladimir Gette on the theory of dogmatic development in the church. In (...) the context of this controversy, the arguments for the “defense” of Solovyov's position, cited in the magazine “Orthodox Review” by a theologian and Konstantin Leontyev's follower Ivan Kristi are also analyzed. The reception of Solovyov's theocratic ideas and reaction to his ecclesiastical views in both the Catholic and Orthodox circles of Russian and Western society is shown. Especially it concerns the criticism of Solovyov’s ideas in the pages of the French magazines “L’Univers”, “L'Union Chrétienne”, “Revue d’Eglise greque-unie”, etc. The evolution of Solovyov's views on the problem of the union of Eastern and Western churches, the renewal of church communication between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, the main result of which was his fundamental but unfinished work “The History and Future of the Theocracy” was demonstrated. A conclusion about the “superficiality” of the judgments of the majority of Vladimir Solovyov's ideological opponents, as well as later interpreters of his legacy, following the French Jesuit Michel d'Erbigny, who tried to present him as a “Russian Newman” who converted from Orthodoxy into the Catholic faith is drawn. It is shown that Solovyov’s projects of the “religion of the Holy Spirit” and the “Universal Church”, created on its basis, should be considered primarily in the context of his own philosophical quest, and not in connection with the confessional and ideological divergences of his time. (shrink)

Newman and Soloviev -- The influences of Tolstoy and Tchadaiev -- Early influences -- Soloviev as professor -- Soloviev as writer -- Soloviev as logician -- Soloviev as moralist -- The beginning of Soloviev's work as a theologian -- Soloviev's development as a theologian-questions put to the Russian hierarchy-his relations with Mgr. Strossmayer -- The conclusions of Soloviev the theologian -- Soloviev's asceticism.

Vladimir Soloviev et Jacques Maritain sont des philosophes pour aujourd'hui et pour demain. Ils ont laissé des œuvres considérables par leur originalité, leur profondeur et la qualité de leur style. Célèbres, puis un peu oubliés, ces deux talentueux penseurs ont cherché la vérité. Ni Soloviev ni Maritain n'ont eu d'ailleurs des carrières académiques classiques, et la liberté que donne une vie dispensée d'obligations administratives a probablement favorisé leur remarquable créativité. L'un et l'autre ont aimé non seulement le Christ, (...) mais aussi son Eglise tout en ayant des appartenances confessionnelles différentes. "L'ouvrage que l'on présente ici est le fruit de deux colloques tenus successivement à Moscou et à Kiev en 2006. Il s'agissait de faire mieux connaître Soloviev en Occident et Maritain en Russie ou en Ukraine. C'est une manière de dialogue entre deux inspirations que l'on pourrait rattacher à Platon dans le cas de Soloviev et à Aristote avec Maritain, mais aussi et surtout à un personnalisme chrétien qui les caractérise.". (shrink)

One of the most powerful tendencies of the World scientific thought development of XIX – the first half of XX century was analysing all sorts of knowledge, accumulated by mankind in the form of universal synthetic system combining science, religion and philosophy into the Universal Sphere of Knowledge that gives the humanity the possibility to achieve a new deeper level of understanding the reality. By the founder of the Classical Russian Systematic School of Philosophy (according to me – A.Sh.) V.S. (...) class='Hi'>Soloviev - for the first time in history - the Idea of the Universal Sphere of Knowledge which is depicted by the Greek term Θεω-Σοφιαwas descriptively defined. The followers of V.S. Soloviev’s school in the middle of XIX – the beginning of XX century worked out many aspects of the Concept of Ontological Synthesis of dispersed Spheres of knowledge, among which the Philosophy is an important and homogeneous part of synthesis of Science and Theology. This Spheres of Knowledge look different and it was aggravated in the course of historically developed separation of their methods, spheres ofexperience and types of thinking. Nevertheless to find the new ways to reach the new level of knowledge for the mankind they must be concentrated on the investigation of the Absolute Elements of the World : TrulyExisting [Λογος] (suprasystematic Element) in its real manifestation. The main (or the basic) method of knowledge is the inner experience of mystic origin. The findings of Russian Philosophers are confirmed by the studies of scientific methods which made it possible to achieve great staggering discoveries and inventions which will for a long time remain mysterious for the majority of human beings. (shrink)

The article outlines Vladimir Soloviev’s views at the time of his fascination by the theocracy, Christian policy and United Church concepts. His standpoint then was to place the “Godmanhood” idea underlying his philosophy in a realistic, historically and socially factual—hence universalistic—context. This led him to confer a special role in the historical process to the Christian church, which he saw as a dynamic institution adding energy to history. Soloviev considered this energy crucial in the rebirth of Christian unity (...) around the Holy See and the fulfillment of the “social trinity” reflecting the structure of the Divine Absolute and harmoniously uniting three relatively independent seats of social power: clerical, state and prophetic. For Soloviev the fulfillment of this project consisted in a lasting alliance between the papacy and the Tsar’s court, a concept which sounds very eccentric today. (shrink)

While he is widely acknowledged as the most important Russian thinker of the nineteenth century, Vladimir Soloviev's place in the landscape of world philosophy nevertheless remains uncertain. Approaching him through a single synoptic lens, this book foregrounds his unique envisioning of the interaction between humanity and the material world. By investigating the development of a single theme in his work--his idea of the "spiritualization of matter", the "task" of humanity--Smith constructs a rounded picture of Soloviev's overall importance to (...) an understanding. If nineteenth-century thought, as well as to modern theology and philosophy. The picture that emerges is of a writer whose contribution to a Christian philosophy of matter resonates with many of the religious debates of modernity. (shrink)

In this article I will present and analyze the concept of all-unity of the two most famous Russian philosophers—Vladimir Soloviev and Semyon Frank. As will be argued, the concept of all-unity is part of an old philosophical tradition. At the same time, it is an original idea of the Russian thought of the Silver Age.

In this article I will present and analyze the concept of all-unity of the two most famous Russian philosophers—Vladimir Soloviev and Semyon Frank. As will be argued, the concept of all-unity is part of an old philosophical tradition. At the same time, it is an original idea of the Russian thought of the Silver Age.

In this article I will present and analyze the concept of all-unity of the two most famous Russian philosophers—Vladimir Soloviev and Semyon Frank. As will be argued, the concept of all-unity is part of an old philosophical tradition. At the same time, it is an original idea of the Russian thought of the Silver Age.

La philosophie russe du 19e siècle s'est développée en contact étroit avec la philosophie européenne. L'influence la plus forte a été exercée par la philosophie classique allemande. Cela est illustré de façon frappante par la doctrine de Vladimir Soloviev, un penseur éminent du 19e siècle. Soloviev doit plusieurs principes de sa doctrine à Friedrich Schelling à qui il a emprunté son concept fondamental d'un être " unitotal ". On peut aussi faire remonter jusqu'à Schelling la conviction de (...) class='Hi'>Soloviev que la force de la volonté constitue le principe déterminant de l'être, ainsi que sa conception d'un Dieu souffrant et en évolution. Enfin, c'est notamment sous l'influence de Schelling que Soloviev a élaboré sa théorie cosmogonique associée à sa sophiologie qui se fonde sur la thèse de la séparation par rapport à Dieu de Son " Alter Ego ", de Son " Prototype ". D'après Soloviev, " le Second Dieu " ou Sophia-la Sagesse est Dieu-devenu-homme, l'Absolu qui accède à l'être, dont la vie sous-tend le déroulement du processus historique. (shrink)

La philosophie russe du 19e siècle s'est développée en contact étroit avec la philosophie européenne. L'influence la plus forte a été exercée par la philosophie classique allemande. Cela est illustré de façon frappante par la doctrine de Vladimir Soloviev, un penseur éminent du 19e siècle. Soloviev doit plusieurs principes de sa doctrine à Friedrich Schelling à qui il a emprunté son concept fondamental d'un être " unitotal ". On peut aussi faire remonter jusqu'à Schelling la conviction de (...) class='Hi'>Soloviev que la force de la volonté constitue le principe déterminant de l'être, ainsi que sa conception d'un Dieu souffrant et en évolution. Enfin, c'est notamment sous l'influence de Schelling que Soloviev a élaboré sa théorie cosmogonique associée à sa sophiologie qui se fonde sur la thèse de la séparation par rapport à Dieu de Son " Alter Ego ", de Son " Prototype ". D'après Soloviev, " le Second Dieu " ou Sophia-la Sagesse est Dieu-devenu-homme, l'Absolu qui accède à l'être, dont la vie sous-tend le déroulement du processus historique. (shrink)

The article presents the reconstruction of the views of F.M. Dostoevsky and Vl.S. Solovyov on the nature of relations between church and state. A line of mutual influence of thinkers in the context of the perception of Christian truth is drawn. It is shown that Dostoevsky was impressed by a series of lectures by Solovyov's "Readings on God-manhood" and adopted from them the idea of the possibility of religious and moral improvement not only of an individual, but of society as (...) a whole. The article shows that not without the Solovyov's influence Dostoevsky arrives at the Slavophil idea of sobornost and the impossibility of salvation outside of church communion, while speaking of the Church as an ecclesia, that is, an assembly of believers. The author of the article shows that the sophistic and mystical moments in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" appear under direct influence on Dostoevsky's "Readings on God-manhood" and a joint trip of thinkers to the Optina Pustyn monastery. It is also noted that in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" the idea was expressed about the gradual growth of the state into the truth of the Church. Solovyov continued this line within the framework of his project of free theocracy in the 1880s, developing the thought of F.M. Dostoevsky - about the Church as the best social order. At the same time, the article shows the principled position of both thinkers on opposing the ideal of socialism and the idea of the Christian community, within which the term "Russian socialism", formulated in the "Diary of a writer". The author shows that Solovyov in his work "Three speeches in memory of Dostoevsky" was the first to explain the term "Russian socialism" precisely through the concept of the Christian community. (shrink)

Mathematical methods and physical ideas developed by Bogolubov are intensively used in the theory of the atomic nucleus. The variational Hartree-Fock-Bogolubov method and the self-consistent field method found wide application in calculating nuclear spectra and nucleus-nucleus interactions. The development of these methods led to the formulation of the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model for calculating the properties of nuclear states at low, intermediate, and high excitation energies.

The article discusses the diversity of the subject field of the philosophy of war as well as the internal integrity of the discipline, united by the focus on the philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of war. The author shows the role of H. Lloyd, who influenced K. Clausewitz, H. Jomini and their followers’ interpretation of the meaning and content of the subject area of the philosophy of war. In the abundance of specific topics addressed by philosophers of this field, the (...) following topics should be noted: the issue of victory and defeat and their interpretation as well as the issue of historical memory. This problem is projected on contemporaneity and reflects the deep connection between peace and war, the dialectic of their relations. The interpretation of certain military and political events is of real interest in the light of the processes of distortion of historical events that have radically affected the course of history. An analysis of the motives and causes of this process is supposes to reconstruct an objective picture of relations between the subjects of international relations in various periods of history. The author finds answers in already existing concepts that have been developed in our time. It is important to mention the project of the French philosopher Charles Renouvier, who put forward the concept of “uchronia,” which became the starting point for the consideration of historical events in the “subjunctive mood.” This genre of historiosophical fantasy was picked up by famous followers – by the former President of France V. Giscard d’Estaing and others. The article provides eyewitness accounts of historical events that are historical facts and help to understand the true state of things. The article demonstrates that the philosophical study of the problem of war is important for understanding the origins and essence of relations arising from the transition between peaceful and military states. (shrink)

Genericity is the idea that the same program can work at many different data types. Longo, Milstead and Soloviev proposed to capture the inability of generic programs to probe the structure of their instances by the following equational principle: if two generic programs, viewed as terms of type , are equal at any given instance A[T], then they are equal at all instances. They proved that this rule is admissible in a certain extension of System F, but finding a (...) semantically motivated model satisfying this principle remained an open problem.In the present paper, we construct a categorical model of polymorphism, based on game semantics, which contains a large collection of generic types. This model builds on two novel constructions:•A direct interpretation of variable types as games, with a natural notion of substitution of games. This allows moves in games A[T] to be decomposed into the generic part from A, and the part pertaining to the instance T. This leads to a simple and natural notion of generic strategy.•A “relative polymorphic product” which expresses quantification over the type variable Xi in the variable type A with respect to a “universe” which is explicitly given as an additional parameter B. We then solve a recursive equation involving this relative product to obtain a universe in a suitably “absolute” sense.Full Completeness for ML types is proved for this model. (shrink)

The book presents the most relevant theories of truth (correspondence, semantic, deflational, pragmaticist, coherentist, constructivist, evidential), with the emphasis of analytical approaches. The author develops a version of the realist correspondence concept of truth while distinguishing various criteria of truth. He is skeptical in regard of any, complete or certain truth but he does not accept epistemic skepticism either, but argues for a moderate realism where objective orientation towards truth suffices as catching (ever) more truth than falsity.

Comment devient-on philosophe? Par quel sursaut un Aristoclès se fait-il Platon, jusqu'à s'imposer dans la liste des " auteurs philo " Il faut enquêter, non pas sur la vie privée, mais sur la vie intime : rumination intellectuelle, ton sur lequel on parle, motivations amoureuses... Ce qui fait un philosophe, c'est un immense travail sur soi, et la rencontre d'autres philosophes, vivants, de leurs problématiques. Mémoire sémantique + obsession métaphysique, voilà le code génétique du philosophe. Il débute par un attentat (...) religieux, puisqu'il commence sa carrière en niant tel ou tel sacré. Bien sûr, il vaut mieux être mâle, communiquer par les livres adopter la langue dominante, écrire quand on est célibataire. Comment gagner sa vie? Pas forcément en étant enseignant, comme c'est le cas aujourd'hui. Le profil du philosophe nous le révèle orphelin, vivant à l'étranger, souvent laid, jamais fou, et serial thinker, prêt à changer de philosophie pourvu qu'il reste, lui, à menacer le monde donnera ou donnera pas du sens à notre vie? Le philosophe est l'être inquiet qui pense inquiéter l'Être par deux trois mots bien aiguisés. (shrink)