In the past 2 years our world has experienced huge disruptions because of COVID-19. The performing arts has not been insulated from these tumultuous events with the entire music industry being thrown into a state of instability due to the paralyzing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined how classical professional musicians’ ability to cope with uncertainty, economic struggles, and work-life interplay during COVID-19 was influenced by various factors that affect a crucial part of the development and (...) sustainment of music careers: musicians’ practice. We analyzed responses to an online survey of 309 classical performing musicians from 41 countries in Europe and Latin America across three pandemic stages: immediately before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and when vaccines were being made available and lockdowns were being reduced or lifted. Structural equation modeling indicates relationships between perceptions of threat at the peak of the pandemic and the musicians Self- or External-Based Motivation for the three periods in which respondents were asked to reflect. Findings suggest that musicians who are more internally self-motivated seemed to be more resilient to the pandemic threats and more capable of managing their practicing routines, whereas more externally motivated musicians experienced a reduction in their dedicated time to practice during lockdown. We suggest pedagogical and policy implications, as well as future lines of research that are oriented toward supporting professional musicians in assessing and understanding their motivational drives so that they can cope with situations that disrupt their professional lives. (shrink)

This paper analyzes the narrative strategies of Radical Basque Nationalism, taking advantage of Thomas Lacoste's documentary, Pays Basque et liberté. It is made up of four parts. The first, as an introduction, focuses on general considerations about language to frame the narrative practices of the RBN. The second and third address the two central elements of the nationalist communication strategy: the use of international figures as an amplification mechanism, on the one hand, and the appropriation of a noble language that (...) functions as a legitimating and prestigious element, while it incorporates elements that can be decoded by the members of the collective as part of its canonical interpretation, on the other. The fourth summarizes the main argumentative axes conveyed by the participants in the documentary. The text is closed with a brief conclusion. The main methodological tool is the analysis of contents. (shrink)

Francisco Fernández-Zarza Pérez conocido como Jano, fue un artista polifacético dentro del mundo publicitario y cinematográfico. Destacó por su versatilidad a la hora de retratar a las estrellas cinematográficas pertenecientes al “star-system” nacional e internacional durante la época de la posguerra y la transición española.Partiendo de la importancia del cartel como medio de transmisión del mensaje, pretendemos descubrir si sus carteles, entre los años 1940 y 1970, además de actuar como reclamo para dar a conocer las películas también actuaron (...) como reflejo de los estereotipos sociales mediante la representación de los roles femeninos. (shrink)

The fact that the permeability between family and work scopes produces work-family conflict (WFC) is well established. As such, this research aims to check whether the unequal involvement in household chores between men and women is associated with increased WFC in women and men, interpreting the results also from the knowledge that arise from gender studies. A correlational study was carried out by means a questionnaire applied to 515 subjects (63% men) of two independent samples of Spanish men and women (...) without emotional relationship, who lived with their heterosexual partner. As expected, results firstly show unequal involvement in household chores by women and men as it is higher in women that in men, and the perception of partner involvement is lower in women that in men. Secondly, those unequal involvements relate differently to men and women on different ways of work-family interaction. They do not increase WFC in women comparing to men, although there are tangentially significant differences in work conflict (WC) and statistically significant in family conflict (FC). However, perception of partner involvement on household chores increases WFC both in men and in women but not WC nor FC. Nevertheless, increase on marital conflict (MC) by domestic tasks neither affect in a significant way WFC in women nor in men, but increase WC in both women and men and FC only in women. Results also confirm that subject involvement on household chores is not a significant predictor of WFC in women nor in men, and that MC by domestic tasks is a statistically significant predictor in women of WFC and FC, but not in men. Thus, results show that traditional gender roles still affect the way men and women manage the work and family interaction, although the increased WFC due to involvement in housework is not exclusive to women, but also occurs in men. Personal and institutional recommendations are made on the basis of these results to cope with these conflicts. (shrink)

El presente estudio trata de ser una aproximación histórica al posmodernismo en una de sus vertientes: el constructivismo, la teoría que defiende que el mundo es construcción social sin correlato objetivo alguno. A través del examen de la genealogía de este perfil, el artículo se propone mostrar que el constructivismo es deudor de diversas tradiciones de pensamiento irracionalista, subjetivista e idealista, y que por ello constituye una doctrina anti y pseudocientífica.

Intelligent Transportation Systems are expected to automate how parking slots are booked by trucks. The intrinsic dynamic nature of this problem, the need of explanations and the inclusion of private data justify an agent-based solution. Agents solving this problem act with a Believe Desire Intentions reasoning, and are implemented with JASON. Privacy of trucks becomes protected sharing a list of parkings ordered by preference. Furthermore, the process of assigning parking slots takes into account legal requirements on breaks and driving time (...) limits. Finally, the agent simulations use the distances, the number of trucks and parkings corresponding to the proportions of the current European Union data. The performance of the proposed solution is tested in these simulations with three different distances against an alternative with complete knowledge. The difference in efficiency, the number of illegal breaks and the traveled distances are measured in them. Comparing the results, we can conclude that the nonprivate alternative is slightly better in performance while both alternatives do not produce illegal breaks. In this way the simulations show that the proposed privacy protection does not impose a relevant handicap in efficiency. (shrink)

Traditionally, in Spain bullfighting represents an ancient and well-respected tradition and a combined brand of sport, art and national identity. However, bullfighting has received considerable criticism from various segments of society, with the concomitant rise of the animal rights movement. The paper reports a survey of the Spanish citizens using a face-to-face survey during January 2016 with a total sample of 2522 citizens. The survey asked about degree of liking and approving; culture, art and national identity; socio-economic aspects; emotional perception (...) and animal welfare. The hypothesis proposed that the perception of bullfights may be affected by gender, age, occupation, origin and nationality of the persons surveyed. The hypothesis was confirmed. The majority of citizens surveyed do not like bullfights and great majorities do not attend or watch such events. Two extreme clusters were described: one representing favorable attitude towards bullfighting and other against bullfighting. The proportion of indifferent persons was important. Women and young people showed a more favorable attitude towards animal welfare issues associated with these events. Rural people were more accepting bullfights than urban people. Students were more anti-bullfight than those in other occupations. Additionally, technical economic factors made people favor more bullfights. The growth of claim against bullfights establishes an element of a far more multifaceted phenomenon that animal cruelty per se and support of a new paradigm called social change in countries as Spain. (shrink)

Este ensayo presenta las posibilidades que ofrece la hermenéutica de Charles Taylor para el encuentro intercultural. Partimos, en primer lugar, de las condiciones de la comprensión planteadas por Taylor en su temprano ensayo "Interpretation and the sciences of man". Desde éstas y apoyándonos en otros textos clave del autor, reparamos en las dificultades que entraña el encuentro intercultural para la comprensión. Explicamos la propuesta de Taylor de "generar un contraste perspicaz" y de qué modo es posible avanzar en la comprensión (...) salvando el peligro deetnocentrismo, por un lado, y de relativismo (absoluto) por otro. En este sentido comparamos la propuesta de Taylor con la conocida "fusión de horizontes" de Gadamer. Terminamos el ensayo realizando unas últimas consideraciones para seguir la andadura en favor de una hermenéutica intercultural. (shrink)

This article discusses one of the most controversial topics on the creation of Rabbinic Jewish Liturgy—the origin of the Amidah, the main prayer in the Jewish religious public service, after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 E. C. To this end, the formal and literary structure of the Amidah is analyzed followed by a critical discussion on its origin that contributes to the scholarly debate on the topic. An annotated Spanish translation of this first-century prayer is rendered as (...) an Appendix. (shrink)

De Monarchia representa una de las obras de Dante que más influjo político ha ejercido. Probablemente movido a escribirla, hacia 1313. Con ella, Dante quiere contribuir a erradicar la anarquía imperante de su época, en Italia y, concretamente, en su ciudad florentina. Sueña con un orden social que establezca la paz universal. El tono de la obra, netamente gibelino, muestra a un Dante que ha evolucionado intelectualmente. Dante se muestra aquí como un intelectual a caballo entre la escolástica y el (...) florecimiento de un estilo nuevo. Hay en él toda una serie de giros, expresiones, alegorías, imágenes y simbolismos claramente medievales, pero también un conjunto de ideas que, contra corriente, contribuyeron a cambiar el modo de interpretar el mundo. Su De Monarchia ha de considerarse una obra innovadora porque, aunque el texto ciertamente recogió tradiciones legales, jurídicas, políticas y teológicas precedentes, su mayor mérito radicó en la elaboración de una densa, brillante y novedosa teoría, según la cual, el emperador no sólo debía su poder a la elección directa de Dios —con lo que su investidura no devenía un mero oficio de la Iglesia— sino que, además, la institución imperial resultaba superior a la pontificia. Por tanto, hay que plantearse si «De Monarqchia» es una obra que precederá algunas de las principales tesis que posteriormente defenderá la Reforma protestante en cuestiones políticas. (shrink)

En este artículo se examinan críticamente dos propuestas de solución a losargumentos escépticos, la del Wittgenstein de “Sobre la Certeza” y la másreciente de Crispin Wright, y se propone una alternativa. Tras describir losaspectos positivos de ambas propuestas, se las acusa de un defecto que lasinvalida, al que se denomina “fundamentalismo” (básicamente, el de no permitirla revisión de los sistemas epistémicos) y se propone una estrategia desolución del problema.

En este trabajo se examinan las estrategias discursivas de la literatura de Cervantes y Gracián en torno a la formación del sí mismo y el estatuto del mundo en su sentido metafísico. Conceptos tales como «valor» y «corazón” debieran ser leídos desde una perspectiva ética que delimita esencialmente la constitución del ser humano y de su mundo. Estas estrategias muestran cómo se suelen abordar teóricamente los inicios de la Modernidad desde sus últimas consideraciones (propias del idealismo alemán) y cómo tal (...) vínculo debe ser reconsiderado. (shrink)

This paper aims to rediscover, contextualize and call attention to a work of maghāzī commissioned by the Almohad caliph al-Murtaḍā, found in manuscript 296 of the Qarawiyyīn library, and hitherto unnoticed by the vast majority of researchers. This work should be seen and read in the framework of the Almohad historical context in which it was written. I will also highlight the intellectual project and the legitimizing interests shown by the caliph al-Murtaḍā who, in the context of the crisis of (...) the Almohad Empire, encouraged the revival of the Unitary movement through a new reading of the remembrance of the early days of Islam and of the Almohad movement, and of jihād. I will include the paleographic edition of the introduction to the manuscript as an annex. In this introduction one may already observe examples of some of the interesting points of this text. (shrink)

In this paper I critically evaluate the Implicit Definition Theory and its possibility of resolution of two main problems concerning logical knowledge: the explication and the justification. I point at five results that can be obtained: apriority, factuality, normativity applicability and non-circularity. I argue that in case of explication all mentioned results can be obtained but in case of justification the circularity is inevitable. In the last paragraph I propose a solution of this problem.

En la sociedad moderna se tiende a pensar que lo que no se cuenta no existe. Esta afirmación es real en un alto porcentaje, lo que confiere una gran responsabilidad a los medios de comunicación a la hora de elaborar y difundir su trabajo. Sin duda, la libertad de expresión y la libertad de prensa son pilares esenciales de un sistema democrático en sentido estricto. Son imprescindibles para que los ciudadanos puedan estar bien informados, sean capaces de formarse su propia (...) opinión y actuar en consecuencia. Sin embargo, hay otras libertades fundamentales de los ciudadanos que no pueden verse ignoradas, que no pueden dejar de respetarse por el recurso fácil a la libertad de expresión o de prensa. Es decir, los periodistas y los medios de comunicación deben cumplir, como cualquier otro profesional, los compromisos inherentes a su ética y deontología a la hora de informar, analizar, comentar u opinar sobre la actualidad diaria que afecta o interesa a los ciudadanos. En el caso de la lucha contra el terrorismo, el compromiso y la responsabilidad deben aumentar por la delicadeza y trascendencia de lo que se cuenta en los medios de comunicación y en las redes sociales y por la manipulación a extrema que los terroristas hacen de la propaganda, disfrazada de información, para conseguir sus macabros objetivos. (shrink)

_Abstract:_ This paper poses the following questions: What is pluralistic hegemony? What are its defining features? Can populism be seen to possess them? We draw on Laclau’s thought to examine whether antagonism and “the name of the leader” as an empty signifier are incompatible with pluralism. With reference to various different perspectives regarding the relationship between pluralism, hegemony and populism, we present our own particular understanding. Our conceptualization distances itself from the notion that pluralism involves an endless proliferation of difference (...) and the agonistic view that seeks to sublimate antagonism, and also from Laclau’s “the name of the leader” as an archetypal signifier of populism. Rather than the political frontier being the antithesis of pluralism, we see it as its precondition, with the empty signifier not representing a problem in itself, except when its name is pre-given. We perceive pluralism as being open to contingency, as a logic of the production and flow of differences. (shrink)

International research enrolling human subjects has raised an ethical concern regarding the just distribution of benefits between the countries that design the research and the host communities. Although several universal declarations have expressed this concern, a gap between theory and practice continues to exist, as well as a significant divergence between the design of the research protocol and the social context where it will be implemented. Although institutional review boards have made a valuable effort to evaluate international research, their sensitivity (...) to the just sharing of research benefits as well as their attention to the social context must be evaluated. This article analyzes the distribution of benefits in a review of international research in Mexico and produces an ethical reflection based on the results. (shrink)

El grado de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid aplica en la parte práctica de algunas asignaturas el uso de herramientas innovadoras para lograr acercar algunos espacios laborales al alumnado.Este artículo analiza las herramientas que se articularon a través de dos proyectos de innovación docente aprobados en convocatorias competitivas: la realización de campañas de sensibilización a través de redes sociales y páginas web, la participación en el diseño y la ejecución de proyectos de cooperación para el desarrollo reales, (...) y la redacción de un libro publicado por una prestigiosa universidad. (shrink)

Recesión de D. Blanco Fernández, Principios de filosofía política, Editorial Síntesis, Madrid, 2000.

RESUMENEste artículo busca abordar una cuestión que parece cobrar relevancia política en sociedades postmodernas y secularizadas: las implicaciones que para la ética política puede tener el considerar el mundo como un lugar vacío de sentido inherente o, por el contrario, como una realidad moral. Para ello se recupera la crítica que autores como Leo Strauss y Eric Voegelin, apoyados en una visión clásica de la política que reunía verdad y política, hicieron de Max Weber, cuya reflexión partía de la imposibilidad (...) de fundamentar objetivamente los valores y, por tanto, de conciliar verdad y política. La cuestión que se abre es si una perspectiva que, como la clásica, busca reunir verdad y política, no puede resultar paradójicamente menos consistente para dar cuenta de la especificidad de la ética política que otra que, como la weberiana, da por sentado la imposibilidad de tal reunión.PALABRAS CLAVEPOLÍTICA, VERDAD, ÉTICA, VALORES, VIOLENCIA, WEBER, STRAUSS, VOEGELINABSTRACTThis article deals with an issue that seems to become relevant in postmodern and secularized societies: the implications for political ethics of considering the world as a place without any essential and inherent meaning or, on the contrary, as a moral reality. In order to do this, we recover the criticism made by authors like Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin –based on a classical concept of politics, joining truth and politics together–of Max Weber’s point of view, starting from the impossibility of objectively founding values and thus, of reconciling truth and politics. The question that arises is, if one perspective looks to join truth and politics together, as does the classical one, it cannot be paradoxically less able to portray the particularity of political ethics than another, like the Weberian one, which supposes the impossibility of the union of truth and politics.KEY WORDSPOLITICS, TRUTH, ETHICS, VALUES, VIOLENCE, WEBER, STRAUSS, VOEGELIN. (shrink)