Fredric Jameson, considerato il massimo critico e teorico di ispirazione marxista nel mondo angloamericano, sin dagli esordi ha proposto una lettura dei concetti piů rilevanti della Critica della ragione dialettica di Sartre, indirizzandoli verso una critica del capitalismo, letto come fenomeno di totalizzazione. L'obiettivo del saggio č discutere l'ereditÀ del pensiero di Sartre nella riflessione marxista contemporanea sulla totalitÀ, nella quale pare emergere, in particolare, un'analisi dei suoi movimenti formali: nella recente disamina di Jameson, per esempio, l'attualizzazione di Sartre č (...) diretta verso la costituzione di una ‘poetica della totalitÀ', in cui estetica e politica trovano una relazione filosofica ponendosi quali forme di resistenza alla totalitÀ capitalistica. (shrink)

En el debate entre el positivismo y el no-positivismo el argumento del relativismo tiene un papel fundamental. Tal y como es presentado, por ejemplo, por Hans Kelsen, este argumento señala, en primer lugar, que una conexión necesaria entre el derecho y la moral presupone la existencia de elementos morales objetivos, absolutos y necesarios, y, en segundo lugar, que estos elementos morales objetivos, absolutos y necesarios no existen. Mi respuesta a esto es que los elementos morales absolutos, objetivos y necesarios existen, (...) porque los derechos humanos existen, y éstos existen porque son fundamentables. In the debate between positivism and non-positivism the argument from relativism plays a pivotal role. The argument from relativism, as put forward, for instance, by Hans Kelsen, says, first, that a necessary connection between law and morality presupposes the existence of absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements, and, second, that no such absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements exist. My reply to this is that absolute, objective, or necessary moral elements do exist, for human rights exist, and human rights exist because they are justifiable. (shrink)

Dans Capitale de l’amour. Filles et lieux de plaisir à Paris au xixe siècle, l’historienne Lola Gonzalez-Quijano aborde l’histoire de la prostitution dans le Paris du xixe siècle. L’œuvre incontournable avec laquelle toutes les études sur le sujet sont en dialogue est le travail magistral d’Alain Corbin, Filles de Noce. L’argument de ce dernier, que la structure de la prostitution variait en fonction des contours modulables de la demande sexuelle masculine, a révolutionné le champ de recherch...

The concept of freedom is not just another concept in Kierkegaard’s thought. On the contrary, it is one of the most significant issues which the Danish philosopher deals with. Thus, the article examines the meaning of this concept within the philosophy of Kierkegaard by following the interpretation of Cornelio Fabro. In order to achieve such a purpose, firstly, the general features of the thought of the Italian philosopher are presented. Subsequently, the metaphysical foundation for Human freedom within the thought of (...) Kierkegaard is developed. Afterwards, the radical determination of the will in its choice of evil and sin are analyzed, as well as the existential reality of Self as the first principle of action. Lastly, the dispute that Kierkegaard has with Hegel, which motivates his writings, is briefly exposed; and some of the ideas that Fabro takes from the Danish philosopher are listed. (shrink)

"Causa sui" is the second volume of a trilogy (first: "Potentia of poverty", it. 2006, english: Brill, 2023, "Capital Machine. Genesis and structure of exploitation", it. 2022): it analyses the parabola of Capital as fake causa sui, that is a mechanism that steals our own capacity of producing our life. It counterposes to Capital the true causa sui, that is our force of producing life which cannot be neither extracted nor appropriated, because it is the elementary matter that constitutes us. (...) This element resists exploitation and constitutes the seed of a possible revolution not only in labour but in all relations of power. (shrink)

Entre 936 y 941, ‛Abd al-Raḥmān III fundó, a algunos kilómetros de Córdoba, una nueva ciudad, Madīnat al-Zahrā’. ¿Qué papel va a desempeñar, a partir de entonces, cada una de estas ciudades en la dirección del estado omeya? Las numerosas referencias de los cronistas árabes y los vestigios arqueológicos dan a conocer el funcionamiento simultáneo de estas dos ciudades, que constituyen un ejemplo bien documentado de uña capital con doble polaridad: Córdoba y Madīnat al-Zahrā’ funcionan como dos núcleos urbanos independientes, (...) cada uno con su administración propia. Pero, al mismo tiempo, las dos ciudades funcionan como una sola y única ciudad, la capital de al-Andalus, y entre ellas distribuye el califa las manifestaciones de su poder. (shrink)

The essay tackles the intertwining of State and capital as powers that dominate modernity, locating on a global scale right from the start. This intertwining intersects inevitably the history of empire, which, rather than just being the precedent of the State, represents a composite form of layered sovereignties and multifaceted juridical spaces. The concept of the State that emerges from the essay moves away from the broadly meant Weberian conception, which is prevailing in contemporary literature. In contrast with the Weberian (...) definition, indeed, the territoriality of the State is unsettled and altered both by the swaying of its borders and by the emergence of new territorial formations inside and across the borders. The global view on the State complicates its relationship with the nation and the idea of the monopoly of the legislative production and legitimate physical strength. The result is a much more fragmented and movable image of the history of modern State. (shrink)

“Materialism,” which is central for Marxism, is apparently less important for Marx, who, after the “Theses on Feuerbach,” only rarely mentions it. In Capital, Marx mentions “materialism” only two times: in a passage on Giambattista Vico, an important eighteenth Italian philosopher, and in the Afterword to the second German edition in the famous comment on Hegelian dialectic. This paper concerns the reference to Vico. This reference is important in two ways: in calling attention to a basic similarity between Marx’s position (...) and Vico’s constructivist approach to knowledge, and in suggesting Marx’s position is not science but rather a particular kind of philosophy. (shrink)

El propósito del artículo es esclarecer el modo en que los principales problemas tratados por J. Iribarne giran en torno de cuestiones éticas. Se subrayan dos lados del problema ético. Por un lado, se muestra el papel del cuerpo propio, la habitualidad, la memoria y la creciente moralización en la constitución de la identidad personal. En este proceso, una teleología individual se dirige hacia grados más elevados de libertad por medio de actos autónomos y racionales. Por el otro, una teleología (...) intersubjetiva da lugar a un habitar ético en el mundo que exige tanto actuar del modo más correcto de acuerdo con nuestras particulares posibilidades como estar vinculado con los otros por medio de lazos de amor. Finalmente se intenta mostrar la relación entre ética y el sentido de la vida a través de un análisis de preguntas referidas a la finitud, la esperanza y la muerte.The purpose of the article is to shed light on the way in which the main problems examined by J. Iribarne turn on ethical issues. Two sides of the ethical problem are stressed. On the one hand, the role of the living body, habituality, memory, and increasing moralization in the constitution of personal identity is highlighted. In this process, an individual teleology is directed to higher degrees of freedom by means of autonomous and rational acts. On the other hand, an intersubjective teleology brings forth an ethical dwelling in the world that entails both acting in the most correct manner according to our particular possibilities and being linked with the others by bonds of love. Finally, an attempt is made to show the relationship between ethics and the meaning of life through an analysis of issues that concern finitude, death, and hope. (shrink)

The article considers the research developed by the UniNomade project concerning the global financial crisis within the theoretical framework of Italian ‘workerism’ and post-workerist theory. On the whole, the UniNomade project offers a rich variety of stimuli to debate. However, in the work of UniNomade, there are some problematic elements, particularly when the authors invoke a series of ‘excesses’ in ‘cognitive capitalism’. This review-article argues that the old post-workerist thesis of an obsolescence of the law of value introduces into UniNomade’s (...) work an ambiguous determinism. (shrink)

Les deux auteures présentent une réflexion à plusieurs dimensions, composée d’analyses et de pratiques poétiques, sur la vocation et le travail de l’avocate pénaliste confrontée ici, d’une part, aux individuations extrêmes engendrées et révélées par les crimes sexuels et leurs sanctions, y compris capitales, et, d’autre part, aux déterminants globaux d’une culture collective du viol qui résiste et tend à perdurer, malgré les dénonciations et les démonstrations.

Paris a connu au xixe siècle une héroïsation la haussant au rang d’une Babylone ou Babel moderne. Le mur des fermiers généraux, qui enserra Paris jusqu’en 1860, doubla pendant quelques années les fortifications de Thiers, achevées en 1844 et détruites dans les années 1920, contribuant à la perception de la ville comme cocon, puis joyau protégé par son écrin. À l’époque du « Grand Paris », la « reine des cités » balzacienne, aujourd’hui cernée par le boulevard périphérique, restera le (...) cœur incontestable de la capitale future : ne conserve-t-elle pas intactes l’harmonie urbaine et l’aura culturelle façonnées en son siècle d’or?Paris in the 19th century was the theatre of a trend in urban planning that sought to elevate the city to the heroic status of a modern Babylon or Babel. The city wall erected by the “ fermiers généraux” , which enclosed Paris until 1860, was reinforced for a time by the fortifications completed by Thiers in 1844 and pulled down in the 1920s, thus strengthening perceptions of the city as a cocoon, and later a jewel nestling within its protective casket. Balzac’s “queen of cities”, the Grand Paris now encircled by the ring road, was necessarily the heart of the future capital: had it not preserved the essence of the urban harmony and cultural aura that took shape during its golden era? (shrink)

Después de que Friedrich Nietzsche expusiera el fenómeno del resentimiento mediante un supuesto desenmascaramiento de un complejo emotivo oculto, autores posteriores, como Max Scheler y René Girard, matizaron el análisis nietzscheano aplicándolo a diversos ámbitos antropológicos y sociales. Muchas de las principales aportaciones de estos análisis contemporáneos encuentran sus precedentes en autores anteriores, modernos y medievales. Seis siglos y medio antes de Scheler, Tomás de Aquino ofrece en dos cuestiones de su Summa Theologiae dedicadas a la acedia y la envidia (...) una serie de precisiones conceptuales y observaciones psicológicas que coinciden en gran parte de su fondo y, en ocasiones, en la forma, con ciertas caracterizaciones del resentimiento. Demostramos, apoyándonos en numerosas referencias textuales, los paralelismos entre la fenomenología scheleriana del resentimiento y la exposición tomasiana de los vicios capitales. (shrink)

Le ferrovie ad alta velocità in Cina sono un progetto epocale che segna l’avvento del capitalismo infrastrutturale nell’era del capitale monopolistico. L’articolo sostiene che i progetti infrastrutturali cinesi, una forma distintiva di geografie del capitalismo, svolgono diversi ruoli, tra cui quello tecnologico, sociale, economico-spaziale e geopolitico, con l’obiettivo di affrontare la precedente crisi economica del 2008 e di espandere e consolidare ulteriormente il potere territoriale. Per concettualizzare il momento contemporaneo delle dinamiche capitalistiche come capitalismo infrastrutturale e la sua relazione (...) con i conflitti di classe, il presente scritto supera la dicotomia tra logica del capitale e logica del potere territoriale. Questo articolo sottolinea la rilevanza politica dei progetti infrastrutturali nel creare contraddizioni di classe invisibili, in particolare spingendo un’ampia fascia di masse operaie colpite da tali progetti a intraprendere azioni individuali e collettive. Contribuisce a chiarire la relazione dialettica tra le geografie del capitalismo e le geografie del lavoro. (shrink)

A partire dalla tesi che nel neoliberalismo è all’opera una pratica di governo degli altri che si effettua tramite la sollecitazione di un modo particolare di governo di sé, nel presente contributo si tenterà di considerare lo specifico regime di verità che si profila in relazione a questa forma di esercizio del potere. Per comprendere questa particolare declinazione della veridizione come tecnica di sé atta ad assicurare il governo degli altri l’articolo si svilupperà in tre parti. In un primo momento (...) si tenterà di definire la nozione di regime di verità affinché sia possibile comprenderne la portata in relazione alla governamentalità neoliberale. Si avrà così modo, in un secondo momento, di analizzare il regime di verità neoliberale andando a definire il suo funzionamento e i suoi bersagli. Sarà possibile, infine, studiare gli effetti che tali pratiche veridizionali ingenerano nei processi di soggettivazione nella misura in cui producono un individuo imprenditore di sé, le cui scelte e comportamenti devono essere animati dalla logica del capitale umano. (shrink)

oeuvre capitale d'Aristote, la Metaphysique rentre dans la classe des ecrits destines au public philosophique. La metaphysique ou Philosophie premiere, occupe le sommet de la hierarchie des sciences theoretiques, en raison de l'absolue realite de son objet, qui est la forme pure, immobile, eternelle et separee.

"Epistola a Memeceo, Maximas capitales, Sentencias vaticanas, fragmentos y testimonios; texto griego y traduccion": p. [87]-161.

"Epistola a Memeceo, Maximas capitales, Sentencias vaticanas, fragmentos y testimonios; texto griego y traduccion": p. [87]-161.

Se explican dos ideas capitales de la epistemología de Bachelard y su relación mutua: la ciencia es fenomenotécnica, la ciencia inventa sus conceptos La producción de fenómenos con arreglo a esos conceptos certifica su idoneidad.We explain two main ideas of Bachelard’s philosophy of science and their mutual relation. Science produces phenomena and creates its own concepts. Production of phenomena according to these concepts certifies their aptness.

Commentaire des Maximes capitales XXXI à XXXVIII. La théorie épicurienne du droit doit être pensée à partir de la distinction entre les désirs naturels, dont la satisfaction réfléchie donne le bonheur, et les désirs non naturels ou « vains », qui nous engagent dans la poursuite indéfinie d'un bonheur inaccessible. Si les humains se bornent à satisfaire leurs désirs naturels, ils forment une société sans conflits, où règnent la paix et le juste selon la nature. S'ils sont animés de « (...) vains désirs », ils créent une société du progrès indéfini, du toujours plus, et ils inventent le droit positif. Toutefois, la société complexe, œuvre des « insensés », a une base naturelle, car les « insensés » ont des désirs naturels, de sorte que le droit positif a une part par ou il s'accorde avec le droit naturel. A commentary of Capital Maxims XXXI to XXXVIII. The Epicurean theory of law is best conceived through the distinction between natural desires, the satisfaction of which provides happiness, and non natural or "vain" desires, which subject us to the indefinite pursuit of an unreachable happiness. If humans content themselves with satisfying their natural desires, they form a society without conflicts, where peace and justice according to nature prevail. If they are driven by "vain desires", they create a society of indefinite progress, of "bigger and better", and they invent positive law. However, complex society, created by the "unwise", has a natural foundation, for the unwise do have natural desires, so that positive law partly agrees with natural law. (shrink)