This study delves into the significant ethical criteria in the context of global standards. It addresses the moral wrongdoings and adverse side effects associated with global value chains as discussed in the business ethics literature. The methodology involves theoretical application and synthesis. The study employs ethical principles from deontology, consequentialism, and political cosmopolitanism to establish normative criteria such as “injustice and harm to others” and “bad outcomes.” It further investigates how these criteria should influence consumers' decisions, actions, and responsibilities. These (...) criteria are then used to examine the moral wrongdoings and negative effects mentioned in global standards. The study explores how global standards implicitly express consumers' roles in governing global value chains. It scrutinizes consumers' actions and decisions by applying ethical frameworks to global standards. The study outlines consumers' individual and political responsibilities in achieving the goals of global standards. The research findings have implications for governments, consumers, and organizations in practicing shared responsibility. The aim of this research is to provide normative guidance for responsible actions. (shrink)

Åsa Burman has recently introduced the important notion of telic power and differentiated it from deontic power in an attempt to build a bridge between ideal and non-ideal social ontology. We find Burman’s project promising but we argue that more is to be done to make it entirely successful. First, there is a palpable tension between Burman’s claim that telic power can be ontologically independent of deontic power and her examples, which suggests that these forms of power share the same (...) basis. Second, it is not completely clear how telic power helps non-ideal social ontologists explain oppression, since Burman thinks that both forms of power are transparent to social agents. We offer solutions to both problems. First, we question the thesis that telic power can exist without deontic power. Burman contends that this is possible because some social roles involving telic power can exist independently of institutions, which are––in her opinion––the source of deontic power. Against Burman, we suggest that all social roles involve deontic power, whether or not they are institutional. Second, we argue that while the exercise of deontic power requires a mutual recognition of the social roles of the interacting agents and, therefore, an acceptance of the associated norms, the exercise of telic power does not require acceptance of the relevant norms. This is why invoking telic power is useful in explaining how oppression and injustice can arise. Lastly, we suggest that the relation between teleological normativity and telic power has not been fully clarified by Burman and requires a deeper analysis. (shrink)

This literature review systematically synthesizes studies that link consumer research to differences and similarities in virtue ethics between the East and the West, with a focus on early Chinese and ancient Greek virtue ethics. These two major traditions provide principles that guide consumer behavior and thus serve as a background to comparatively explain and evaluate the ethical nature of consumer behavior in the East and the West. The paper first covers Eastern and Western theoretical and normative approaches of virtue ethics (...) in the field of consumer research. The subsequent systematic literature review then synthesizes empirical works in this field. Since only a few papers adopt a cross-cultural consumer research perspective, one of the main aims of this review is to encourage scholars to pursue both theoretical and empirical cross-cultural consumer research on virtue ethics. To this end, the paper closes by suggesting some fruitful directions for future research to stimulate this relatively under-researched area. (shrink)

Åsa Burman has written an illuminating monograph in the flourishing field of analytical social ontology. The book is both a reconstruction of recent development.

Many questions arise in any Western discussion of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Does China’s BRI represent a new world order that aligns with European values and interests? Alternatively,...

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the research dedicated to the ethics and morality of supply chains. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dominates the literature on supply chain ethics in management education. The objective of this paper is to develop some propositions to complement and look more broadly and differently at these management concepts. Supplementing these concepts with the fundamental questions on the meaning of ‘what a moral supply chain is’ and ‘what moral supply (...) chain ought to be,’ we develop some descriptive and normative propositions for management education on the ethics of supply chains. Against a descriptive viewpoint, we propose that judgments on the morality of supply chains should be viewed from multiple perspectives, often conflicting. Against a normative viewpoint, we propose some reflections on how to apply Aristotelian practical wisdom in management education on supply chain ethics. (shrink)

This study explores the connection between dominant psychological type preferences and reader interpretations of biblical texts. Working in type-alike groups, a group of 40 Anglican clergy were invited to employ their strongest function to engage conversation between Mark’s account of Jesus sending out the disciples and the experience of ministry in today’s world. The data supported the hermeneutical theory proposed by the SIFT approach to biblical interpretation and liturgical preaching by demonstrating the four clear and distinctive voices of sensing, intuition, (...) feeling and thinking. (shrink)

Au debut du XXIe siecle, la guerre est a la fois absente et omnipresente dans les democraties occidentales. Si la plupart des pays democratiques ne vivent plus dans l'horizon de la guerre, les nouvelles formes de violence armee, comme le terrorisme et les conflits asymetriques en Afghanistan et en Irak, occupent l'espace mediatique et les discours politiques. Le but de ce livre est de faire le point sur les relations complexes qu'entretiennent la democratie et la guerre dans la politique internationale (...) au XXIe siecle. Peut-on dire, apres Kant, que la democratie est un regime politique facteur de paix? Quels sont les effets de la guerre sur la politique interieure en democratie? a l'age des guerres irregulieres, comment les strategies militaires des etats democratiques evoluent-elles? Telles sont les principales questions posees dans un ouvrage qui reunit pour la premiere fois les meilleurs specialistes francais et etrangers, qu'ils soient philosophes et historiens, politistes et specialistes de la guerre. Ce que met au jour l'etude des conflits actuels, c'est non seulement la part d'ombre des politiques democratiques, mais aussi les mutations de la democratie, confrontees a une mondialisation qui redistribue les cartes de la puissance. (shrink)

This book is a selection from the papers of the First International Conference on Superluminal Physics as New Fields of Research held at the University of New Mexico, Gallup Campus, USA, in July 2012. The editor have selected seven papers proposed by the following authors and co co-authors Kaizhe Guo Guo, Chongwu Guo Guo, Chen Jianguojianguo, Dong Jingfeng Jingfeng, Mi Haijiang Haijiang, Changwei Hu Hu, Yang Shijiashijia, Guli, and Fu Yuhua Yuhua.