法の分野における類型の解明は、法理学の重要課題の一つである。本書は、著者が十数年間、法思考との関連という角度からこの問題と取り組んできた研究成果を一つにまとめたものである。.

法の分野における類型の解明は、法理学の重要課題の一つである。本書は、著者が十数年間、法思考との関連という角度からこの問題と取り組んできた研究成果を一つにまとめたものである。.

In this paper we consider distributive modal logic, a setting in which we may add modalities, such as classical types of modalities as well as weak forms of negation, to the fragment of classical propositional logic given by conjunction, disjunction, true, and false. For these logics we define both algebraic semantics, in the form of distributive modal algebras, and relational semantics, in the form of ordered Kripke structures. The main contributions of this paper lie in extending the notion of Sahlqvist (...) axioms to our generalized setting and proving both a correspondence and a canonicity result for distributive modal logics axiomatized by Sahlqvist axioms. Our proof of the correspondence result relies on a reduction to the classical case, but our canonicity proof departs from the traditional style and uses the newly extended algebraic theory of canonical extensions. (shrink)

The presence of small polydisperse extrachromosomal circular (spc) DNAs composed entirely of chromosomal sequences seems to reflect the plasticity of eukaryotic genomes. The size distribution and number of spc DNAs is found to vary with development, growth state and mitotic capacity. In particular, spc DNAs are observed to be several fold smaller in established immortal cell lines than in diploid cells with a limited life span. Analysis of cloned spc DNA fragments revealed that: (1) most of the spc DNAs thus (...) far investigated contain repetitive sequences; (2) some of the repetitive sequences are enriched in spc DNA clones relative to their representation in the chromosome; (3) various repetitive sequences of different reiteration frequency were found in spc DNA from immortal cell lines while a particular sequence of retroposon was predominant in primary lymphoid tissue cells and stem cells; (4) most of these spc DNAs appear to represent the extra copies generated by replicon‐misfiring in immortal cell lines or by retrotranscription in stem cells, and intermediates or by‐products produced by abortive rearrangement in diploid cells with a finite replicative capacity. (shrink)

Recognition is one of the most ambivalent concepts in political and social thought. While it is a condition for individual freedom, the subject’s demand for recognition can be exploited as an instrument for reproducing domination. Axel Honneth addresses this issue and offers the concept of ideological recognition: Recognition is ideological when the addressees accept it from their subjective point of view but is unjustified from an objective point of view. Using the examples of the recognition of femininity, I argue that (...) Honneth’s account fails not only to offer the objective normative standard that delineates between morally justified and unjustified recognition, but also to descriptively explain why the addressees of ideological recognition accept their identities as having positive qualities. To overcome these problems, I provide an alternative, epistemic structural account. First, my account offers the concept of epistemic trust and identifies the objective injustice that Honneth’s account cannot capture. Second, my account offers the concept of structural power and discusses the problem of internalization of problematic identities. Furthermore, I argue that epistemic structural account has theoretical and practical benefits for analyzing domination and advancing the task of critique by explaining the ideological recognition in the case of racial identity, for example. (shrink)

日本政治の実証分析、レヴァイアサン、自由主義的改革、政界再編、ポピュリズム――日本政治研究をリードした「大嶽政治学」の軌跡。.

In his doctoral dissertation, Harold Garfinkel critically examined Talcott Parsons' classical formulation of the problem of order referred to as the Hobbesian problem. Garfinkel's criticism can be summarized under the following three headings: (1) common sense rationality replaces scientific rationality; (2) the level of the premises of conduct replaces the level of de facto action; (3) congruence theory replaces the correspondence theory. The aim of this paper is to make some observations on the structure of the problem of order which (...) Garfinkel discovered through this criticism. I propose to call it the Rashomon problem after Akira Kurosawa's film Rashomon. Ethnomethodology can be regarded as an attempt to solve the Rashomon problem. (shrink)

明治の草創期に、学校教育に欧米式の方法が導入されて以来、子どもたちの直観や自発性を重視したペスタロッチーとフレーベルの教育思想は、戦後にいたるまで日本の教育に強い影響力を与え続けてきた。二人の教育思想 はどのように受容され、実践されてきたのだろうか。その理想に共鳴した教育者・教育学者の足跡からたどる。.

The mean-field theory with the use of the slave-boson functional method has been generalized to take account of the spin- and/or orbital-ordered state in the doubly degenerate Hubbard model. Numerical calculations are presented of the antiferromagnetic orbital-ordered state in the half-filled simple-cubic model. The orbital order in the present theory is much reduced compared with that in the Hartree–Fock approximation because of the large orbital fluctuations. From a comparison of the ground-state energy, the antiferromagnetic orbital state is shown to be (...) unstable against the antiferromagnetic spin state, although the situation becomes reversed when the exchange interaction is negative. (shrink)

This article delves into the ongoing consequences of UK ‘Hostile Environment’ policies, notably the Windrush Scandal and the challenges of techno-solutionism in migration governance. There is an exploration of how borders have permeated the internal boundaries of the UK and pushed private citizens and institutions to become new border agents. In this article there is a reflection on the infrastructure that has become reinforced, made visible and technologically upholds Hostile Environment policies. This article investigates the Home Office’s new case working (...) system, Atlas, to illuminate the intersection of border policies, technology and ethics. Through disentangling the political promises placed into the new case working system, this article argues the technological solutions to unjust policies are doomed to repeat and reinforce historic racialised practices. This article argues that technology projects in development, like Atlas, offer an opportunity to identify new private actors responsible for maintaining internal borders within the UK, private technology consultancy groups. Tracing the privatisation of border technology crystallises the new power dynamics introduced through technological projects developed to translate the goals of the Hostile Environment into operational technology used by the Home Office. (shrink)

The objective of this study was to reveal the problems related to interpersonal relationships which patients with obstinate diseases face, and consider the behavior, attitude and medical intervention that healthcare and healthcare-related professions should take in regards to these problems. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with patients with obstinate neurological diseases and observation of outpatient care was also conducted. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Patient diseases included Parkinson Disease , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , myasthenia gravis, spinocerebellar ataxia , (...) and progressive supranuclear palsy . Findings highlighted that patients’ disease and suffering was not understood fully by patients’ families, that patients feel a lack of family support and cooperation, and that society’s level of understanding of their disease was also insufficient. Again, findings revealed that patients recognized their inability to perform personal activities and to behave competently within the contexts of family and society. This lowered their self evaluation. These findings highlight three needs: “the need for empathy,” “the need for self the “the need for empathy” and “the need for self esteem.”This study was supported by a great-in-aid by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan, “Outcomes Research of Specific Diseases”（PI:S.Fukuhara）（Grand no: H14-44）. (shrink)