Corruption involves greed, money, and risky decision-making. We explore the love of money, pay satisfaction, probability of risk, and dishonesty across cultures. Avaricious monetary aspiration breeds unethicality. Prospect theory frames decisions in the gains-losses domain and high-low probability. Pay dissatisfaction (in the losses domain) incites dishonesty in the name of justice at the individual level. The Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, signals a high-low probability of getting caught for dishonesty at the country level. We theorize that decision-makers adopt avaricious love-of-money aspiration (...) as a lens and frame dishonesty in the gains-losses domain (pay satisfaction-dissatisfaction, Level 1) and high-low probability (CPI, Level 2) to maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity. We challenge the myth: Pay satisfaction mitigates dishonesty across nations consistently. Based on 6500 managers in 32 countries, our cross-level three-dimensional visualization offers the following discoveries. Under high aspiration conditions, pay dissatisfaction excites the highest- (third-highest) avaricious justice-seeking dishonesty in high (medium) CPI nations, supporting the certainty effect. However, pay satisfaction provokes the second-highest avaricious opportunity-seizing dishonesty in low CPI entities, sustaining the possibility effect—maximizing expected utility. Under low aspiration conditions, high pay satisfaction consistently leads to low dishonesty, demonstrating risk aversion—achieving ultimate serenity. We expand prospect theory from a micro and individual-level theory to a cross-level theory of monetary wisdom across 32 nations. We enhance the S-shaped Curve to three 3-D corruption surfaces across three levels of the global economic pyramid, providing novel insights into behavioral economics, business ethics, the environment, and responsibility. (shrink)

Slight absolute changes in the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index (SHSE) corresponded to the city’s immediate increases in coronary heart disease deaths and stroke deaths. Significant fluctuations in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index (SZSE) corresponded to the country’s minor, delayed death rates. Investors deal with money, greed, stock volatility, and risky decision-making. Happy people live longer and better. We ask the following question: Who are the investors with the highest and most sustainable stock happiness, and why? Monetary wisdom asserts: Investors apply (...) their deep-rooted values (avaricious love-of-money aspiration and locus of control, Level 2) as a lens to frame critical concerns in the proximal-immediate (Shanghai Stock Exchange Index changes, Level 1) and the omnibus-distal contexts (domicile: city vs. country, Level 2) to maximize expected utility (portfolio changes, Level 1) and ultimate serenity (stock happiness, Level 1). We collected multilevel data—the longitudinal SHSE and 227 private investors’ daily stock happiness and portfolio changes for 36 consecutive trading days in four regions of China. Investors had an average liquid asset of $76,747.41 and $54,660.85 in stocks. This study is not a “one-shot” game with “nothing at stake.” We classified Shanghai and Beijing as the city and Shenzhen and Chongqing as the country. Our cross-level 3-D visualization reveals that regardless of SHSE volatility, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile enjoy the highest and most sustainable stock happiness with minimum fluctuations. Independently, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile tend to make fewer portfolio changes than their counterparts. Behaviorally, less is more, debunking the myth—risky decisions excite stock happiness. Our longitudinal study expands prospect theory, incorporates attitude toward money, and makes robust contributions to behavioral economics and business ethics. We help investors and ordinary citizens make happy, healthy, and wealthy decisions. Most importantly, the life you save may be your own. (shrink)

Angry faces have been shown to be detected more efficiently in a crowd of distractors compared to happy faces, known as the anger superiority effect (ASE). The present study investigated whether the ASE could be modified by top-down manipulation of working memory (WM), in central and peripheral visual fields. In central vision, participants held a colour in WM for a final memory test while simultaneously performing a visual search task that required them to determine whether a face showed a different (...) expression from other coloured faces. The colour held in WM matched either the colour of the target face (target-matching), the colour of a distractor face (distractor-matching), or neither (non-matching). Results showed that the ASE was observed when the probability of target-matching trials was low. However, when the top-down WM effect was strengthened by raising the probability of target-matching trials, the ASE in the target-matching condition was completely eliminated. Intriguingly, when the visual search task was substituted by a peripheral crowding task, similar results to central vision were found in the target-matching condition. Taken together, our findings indicate that the ASE is subject to the top-down WM effect, regardless of the visual field. (shrink)

ObjectiveInvestigating the mental health status of Chinese resident physicians during the 2019 new coronavirus outbreak.MethodsA cluster sampling method was adopted to collect all China-wide resident physicians during the epidemic period as the research subjects. The Symptom Checklist-90 self-rating scale was used to assess mental health using WeChat electronic questionnaires.ResultsIn total, 511 electronic questionnaires were recovered, all of which were valid. The negative psychological detection rate was 93.9%. Among the symptoms on the self-rating scale, more than half of the Chinese resident (...) physicians had mild to moderate symptoms of mental unhealthiness, and a few had asymptomatic or severe unhealthy mental states. In particular, the detection rate of abnormality was 88.3%, obsessive-compulsive symptoms was 90.4%, the sensitive interpersonal relationship was 90.6%, depression abnormality was 90.8% /511), anxiety abnormality was 88.3%, hostility abnormality was 85.3%, terror abnormality was 84.9%, paranoia abnormality was 86.9%, psychotic abnormalities was 89.0%, and abnormal sleeping and eating status was 90.8%. The scores of various psychological symptoms of pediatric resident physicians were significantly lower than those of non-pediatrics.ConclusionThe new coronavirus epidemic has a greater impact on the mental health of Chinese resident physicians. (shrink)

Autonomous learning capacity is a key competency that supports teachers’ professional development. In this study, a stratified sampling method was used to recruit 396 junior and senior high school mathematics teachers in T city, one of the provincial city in China. A questionnaire with high reliability and validity developed prior to the study by the researchers was employed to measure their autonomous learning capacity and differences across groups. Twelve teachers were then selected for interviews. The results showed satisfactory overall performance. (...) By subdimension, teachers’ performance was the best in the development of study plans, followed by evaluation of learning outcomes, while they needed improvement in learning habit formation and proficiency in using learning methods. Furthermore, the analysis of differences across groups indicated that for autonomous learning capacity, female teachers were significantly better than their male peers; junior high school teachers were better compared to those in senior high school; teachers aged 41–50 underperformed those aged 51 and above; teachers who work in rural areas and townships did not perform worse than urban teachers; and those with doctoral degrees did not demonstrate considerable advantage over others. There were no significant differences in the overall autonomous learning capacity across years of teaching and job title groups. However, in the subdimensions, those with 21–30 years of teaching experience had lower proficiency in using learning methods and evaluation of learning outcomes, and teachers with senior titles did not demonstrate expected advantages in learning habit formation. (shrink)

The question of what determines brain laterality for auditory cognitive processing is unresolved. Here, we demonstrate a swap of hemisphere dominance from right to left during semantic interpretation of Chinese lexical tones in native speakers using simultaneously recorded mismatch negativity response and behavioral reaction time during dichotic listening judgment. The mismatch negativity, which is a brain wave response and indexes auditory processing at an early stage, indicated right hemisphere dominance. In contrast, the behavioral reaction time, which reflects auditory processing at (...) a later stage, indicated a right ear listening advantage, or left hemisphere dominance. The observed swap of hemisphere dominance would not occur when the lexical tone was substituted with a meaningless pure tone. This swap reveals dependence of hemisphere labor division initially on acoustic and then on functional cues of auditory inputs in the processing from sound to meaning. (shrink)

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Self-serving leadership is a form of unethical leadership behavior that has destructive effect on its targets and the overall organization. Adopting a social cognition perspective, this study expands our knowledge of its adverse effect and the way to mitigate the effect. Integrating two sub-theories of social cognition, we propose a theoretical model wherein self-serving leadership hinders team creativity through psychological safety as well as knowledge hiding, with task interdependence acting as a contextual condition. Results from a sample of 107 R&D (...) teams revealed that self-serving leadership not only reduced team psychological safety, but also induced team knowledge hiding, both of which ultimately affected team creativity. The presence of high task interdependence buffered the destructive effect of self-serving leadership on team creativity via team psychological safety as well as the indirect effect via knowledge hiding. (shrink)

"Reason and faith," the encyclical the starting point and focus on that grid has a bit of basic human dignity, which raise the status of the people there are things on top of everything else, and make absolutely privileged, that is, beyond the freedom to pursue of the privilege. Hella Cleveland Meadows said: "I have tried to know myself."敎were the interpretation of this motto and there is a coincidence site lattice theory: "" You should be aware of their own, "and (...) this motto is inscribed in Carbondale non-temple frieze on the bottom of the beams. a truth of this maxim that any one person, if you want the creature, the highlights were the reason why the nature of man, you have to pursue the truth. "and that philosophy is" to understand people's there is a fundamental truth of the way. " Like two wings of faith and reason, to enhance people's contemplative truth of the spirit. "Encyclical" God distinguished from the road leading to human and human-path leading to God, but not to separate the two, because down the road and up the road to cycle between the role and complementary role. Man up the road leading to God's being responded to Aristotle in "Metaphysics," said the first sentence: "Everyone has a natural desire for knowledge", while the highest activity of this knowledge refers permit the existence of God and its main properties . For this reason, the encyclical were敎praise Greek philosophy, metaphysics because it is certainly faith is bound to open. And open to the faith or philosophy of the first tasks required to re-find it in the "explore the full significance of life and the wisdom of last rate", the second request or task is "to understand certain people have the ability to find the truth", and the first three requirements or task more emphasis on "a philosophy based on the physical is necessary.". (shrink)

Resumo: O atual ecossistema de mídia em rede é claramente caracterizado pela convergência. Recentemente, a convergência de mídia tem progredido rapidamente, tanto nos círculos teóricos quanto nas aplicações práticas, e o desenvolvimento da convergência tornou-se inevitavelmente uma tendência importante no desenvolvimento da mídia. A convergência de mídias transformou, de forma única, a ecologia das notícias, da comunicação e da opinião pública, na qual uma revisão da produção de notícias se destaca enquanto sua expressão principal. Como resultado da convergência da mídia, (...) a produção de notícias mudou de um modo linear tradicional para um modo não linear. Devido ao uso de vídeo, áudio e formas H5 de notícias, na nova mídia, além da mídia tradicional, baseada principalmente em conteúdo de texto e imagem, as reportagens de notícias são agora mais diversificadas, visualmente atraentes e inovadoras. O processo de produção de notícias mudou como resultado da convergência da mídia, tornando-se mais eficaz, adaptável e diversificado. Ao estudar o impacto da integração da mídia sobre a produção de notícias, este artigo teve, por objetivo, entender como a mídia deve ser ajustada na era da integração, de que maneira a produção de notícias deve se desenvolver e se superar, e as leis gerais da produção de notícias no processo de desenvolvimento da integração. Ao mesmo tempo, nesse contexto, a pesquisa em questão investiga o impacto da convergência da mídia na produção de notícias, delineia a maneira como a mídia pode se adaptar a cenários dinâmicos, propõe novos métodos de produção de notícias para promover o progresso da era da convergência e visa estabelecer os princípios básicos da produção de notícias no desenvolvimento integrado. Sob a tendência de digitalização, rede e informatização, o modo de produção de notícias passou por mudanças. Com o surgimento da nova mídia e a transformação gradual da mídia tradicional, o ambiente e o modo de produção de notícias também passaram por mudanças profundas. Este artigo revelou os mecanismos subjacentes e as tendências futuras dessa mudança, que podem melhorar a eficiência e a qualidade da produção de notícias, e aumentar sua competitividade em um ambiente de mídia diversificado. Ele tem um valor de referência importante para organizações de notícias, profissionais de mídia e formuladores de políticas relevantes, podendo fornecer uma base científica para a tomada de decisões. (shrink)

ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the state anxiety of parents of special needs children during the 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic and the influence of parental stress, social support, and other related variables on the anxiety of parents.MethodsBespoke questionnaires of children’s and parent’s mental and behavioral problems during the epidemic were used in the study. We also used the State Anxiety Inventory, the Parenting Stress Index—Short Form-15, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The data used (...) in the study were pooled from an online survey of parents of special needs children and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression.ResultsOverall, 1,451 individuals were included, of which 402 were fathers and 1,049 were mothers. ANOVA results showed that educational background, family monthly income, and type of their child’s disability made parents’ state anxiety significantly different. The results of multiple linear regression showed that during the epidemic, social support negatively predicted parents’ state anxiety, whereas parenting stress and parental mental and behavioral problems positively predicted parents’ state anxiety.ConclusionsDuring the outbreak of COVID-19, parents of special needs children suffered mental and behavioral problems, together with parenting stress and social support, which influenced their state anxiety. These findings can be used to develop relevant psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during a pandemic like COVID-19. (shrink)

China's domestic labor market has limited demand for tertiary graduates due to an unbalanced industrial structure, with a weak contribution to economic performance over the past decade. This study estimates the asymmetric effects of higher education progress (highly educated employed workforce), higher education utilization (highly educated unemployed workforce), and the separate effects of higher education utilization interactions with high-tech industries on economic growth in China from 1980 to 2020. Using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model, this study finds that (...) the expansion of higher education progress (the employed workforce with higher education) promotes economic growth, while contraction of higher education progress (employed workforce with higher education) reduces economic growth. Likewise, an increase in higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) suppresses economic growth, while a decline in the higher education utilization (the unemployed labor force with higher education) promotes economic growth. The study also found that the expansion of high-tech industries and government spending on education significantly stimulate economic growth. The moderating role of higher education utilization (unemployed labor force with higher education) in the impact of high-tech industries on economic growth is significantly positive. This study strategically proposes that China's higher-educated unemployed labor force can be adjusted to high-tech industries, which need to be developed equally in all regions. Moreover, the country is required to invest more in higher education and the development of high technological industries across all regions, thus may lead to higher economic growth. (shrink)

In this paper, an efficient chaos-based image encryption scheme is proposed, which uses the imitating jigsaw method containing revolving and shifting operations. In this scheme, there are three processes in encryption: preprocessing, encryption process, and postprocessing. In the preprocessing, the original image is partitioned into 64 × 64 pixel image blocks and then randomly revolved and shifted under control sequences which are generated by the hyperchaotic Lorenz system whose initial conditions are calculated by original image and keys. Therefore, the preprocessing (...) is sensitive to plain image against differential attacks. In the encryption process, the after-preprocessing image is partitioned into 32 × 32 pixel image blocks; next they are randomly revolved and encrypted by control sequence and key blocks which are generated by the skew tent map. In postprocessing, the after-encryption image is partitioned into 16 × 16 pixels’ image blocks, and they are randomly revolved and shifted again under control sequences which are related with encrypted image and keys. The postprocessing further increases the diffusion characteristics. Moreover, the test experiment and security analyses are given; the results show that our proposed cryptosystem has both security and speed performance. (shrink)

The processes in construction are more likely than others to breed unsafe behaviors, and the consequences of these actions can be serious. This paper first reviews the research status on unsafe behavior in construction teams. It then analyzes the complex mechanisms that lead to unsafe behavior and constructs a three-layer structural model based on agent-based modeling technology. This modeling deals with complexity and elaborates on key points and potential research ideas in the study of unsafe behavior in construction teams. Using (...) the ABM method, the effects of different incentive strategies on the safe behavior of construction teams under different management scenarios were studied. The results showed that when members have a fair perception of the situation, the effect of the excess performance reward distribution, according to the member’s safety awareness level, is better than the average distribution effect. This is the case whether the member’s safety behavior level is positively or negatively related to the member’s safety awareness level. This study proves the feasibility, validity, and universality of the three-layer structural model. It also reaches certain management conclusions and ideas for further development. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for research on the containment and prevention of unsafe behavior in construction teams. (shrink)

This research investigates the efficacy of business ethics intervention, tests a theoretical model that the love of money is directly or indirectly related to propensity to engage in unethical behavior (PUB), and treats college major (business vs. psychology) and gender (male vs. female) as moderators in multi-group analyses. Results suggested that business students who received business ethics intervention significantly changed their conceptions of unethical behavior and reduced their propensity to engage in theft; while psychology students without intervention had no such (...) changes. Therefore, ethics training had some impacts on business students' learning and education (intelligence). For our theoretical model, results of the whole sample (N = 298) revealed that Machiavellianism (measured at Time 1) was a mediator of the relationship between the love of money (measured at Time 1) and unethical behavior (measured at Time 2) (the Love of Money → Machiavellianism → Unethical Behavior). Further, this mediating effect existed for business students (n = 198) but not for psychology students (n = 100), for male students (n = 165) but not for female students (n = 133), and for male business students (n = 128) but not for female business students (n = 70). Moreover, when examined alone, the direct effect (the Love of Money → Unethical Behavior) existed for business students but not for psychology students. We concluded that a short business ethics intervention may have no impact on the issue of virtue (wisdom). (shrink)

The position of immoralism in analytic aesthetics and the philosophy of art holds that a work's moral defects can sometimes contribute to its artistic value. This position has suffered massive criticism in recent years. In support of immoralism, I present in this paper a new argument by examining immorality in the artistic genre of transgressive art. I argue that in the category of transgressive art, due to the nature of immorality that is a transgressive and liberating force against morality's authority, (...) being immoral can contribute directly to an artwork's artistic value by contributing to the realization of its artistic aim. (shrink)

Aiming at the problem of inaccurate classification of big data information in traditional English teaching ability evaluation algorithms, an English teaching ability evaluation algorithm based on big data fuzzy K-means clustering and information fusion is proposed. Firstly, the author uses the idea of K-means clustering to analyze the collected original error data, such as teacher level, teaching facility investment, and policy relevance level, removes the data that the algorithm considers unreliable, uses the remaining valid data to calculate the weighting factor (...) of the modified fuzzy logic algorithm, and evaluates the weighted average with the node measurement data and gets the final fusion value. Secondly, the author integrates the big data information fusion and K-means clustering algorithm, realizes the clustering and integration of the index parameters of English teaching ability, compiles the corresponding English teaching resource allocation plan, and realizes the evaluation of English teaching ability. Finally, the results show that using this method to evaluate English teaching ability has better information fusion analysis ability, which improves the accuracy of teaching ability evaluation and the efficiency of teaching resources application. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that since artworks cannot take moral responsibility, it is impossible to establish any sort of ethical criticism towards them for their own sake. Ethical criticism of art is inevitably directed at the artist(s), who can take moral responsibility for creating or performing the art in certain ways. Therefore, we should distinguish between two types of criticism towards art: (1) the ethical criticism should be contextualized within the author-work framework, meaning that the extent to which the (...) author can take moral responsibility will significantly affect the ethical criticism of art, while artworks can serve as acts or evidence of acts (of the author) in ethical criticism; (2) ‘ethical’ criticism of art for the work’s own sake should be excluded from the ethical issue and instead reconstructed in the causal issue. (shrink)

The central dilemma for Chinese science and technology (S&T) policy is how to reform and improve such policies without the deleterious interventions of the past. In a centralized S&T system, government intervention has proved at times disruptive and even destructive to efforts at national economic advancement. The historical processes within China have produced an S&T system with enormous potential but plagued by difficulties in investment strategies and capacity for innovation. Simply put, investment levels have been low, and the capacity to (...) generate more funding is lacking. How to improve the situation and confront the competitive challenges posed by a more transparent international economic system are considered in the last part of the article. (shrink)

Shape memory alloy- based actuators are widely applied in the compliant actuating systems. However, the measured data of the SMA-based compliant actuating system reveal the input-output hysteresis behavior, and the actuating precision of the compliant actuating system could be degraded by such hysteresis nonlinearities. To characterize such nonlinearities in the SMA-based compliant actuator precisely, a Jiles-Atherton model is adopted in this paper, and a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to identify the parameters in the Jiles-Atherton model, which is (...) a combination of several differential nonlinear equations. Compared with the basic PSO identification algorithm, the designed MPSO algorithm can reduce the local optimum problem so that the Jiles-Atherton model with the identified parameters can show good agreements with the measured experimental data. The good capture ability of the proposed identification algorithm is also examined through the comparisons with Jiles-Atherton model using the basic PSO identification algorithm. (shrink)

This paper investigates the relationships among board gender diversity, firm performance, and firm size. Our paper provides new insights into the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance by examining whether firm size alters the impact of board gender diversity on firm performance. We use a panel data from A‐share‐listed non‐financial firms in China to examine the relationship during the period of 2007–2012. Our finding demonstrates that the gender diversity on the board has a positive impact on firm performance (...) if and only if the value of firm size is less than some critical value. In addition, we also find that firm size may undermine the positive impact of board gender diversity on firm performance. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a contingency approach to examine the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance as well as shedding light on the relationship in the context of a developing economy. (shrink)

As Cipian article title indicates, Professor Li Zhen reviewed seven years of the life course, including a decisive tone and philosophy is the belief in God敎research. He believes that religion can make people get settled life; make a brief life in the eternal search for the value of courage and love through the sharing of others and practice to realize the need for their services. Experience of the Catholic faith and practice, his rich sense of responsibility as Chinese intellectuals (...) to promote him to seek out truth of accession to the WTO Services enthusiasm and ideals. (shrink)

ObjectivePregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in brain structure for healthy women; however, little is known regarding alterations in the cortical features of pregnant women with malformed fetuses. Isolated clefts of the lip and/or palate (ICL/P) are the most common congenital anomaly in the craniofacial region, which is highly gene-associated. We speculated that pregnant women carrying fetuses with ICL/P may have associated risk genes and specific brain changes during pregnancy.MethodsIn this study, we investigated T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 48 (...) pregnant women: 24 women carrying fetuses with ICL/P (ICL/P group) and 24 women carrying normal fetuses (normal controls), then explored intergroup differences in gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT) and cortical complexity (gyrification).ResultsCompared with controls, the ICL/P group had decreased total intracranial volume (TIV) than normal controls; besides, they exhibited increased GMV in the left cuneus, decreased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus; increased CT in the left precuneus and left superior parietal gyrus, decreased CT involving parsopercularis, fusiform, middle temporal in the left hemisphere and supramarginal, precentral gyrus (PreCG) in the right hemisphere; increased gyrification in the left insula and PreCG, the left middle temporal, and the right supratemporal gyrus.ConclusionPregnant women with ICL/P fetuses had brain morphology changes involving language, auditory, vision, and sensory cortex, which may be their special brain changes compared to normal pregnant women. This study may provide clues for the early detection of fetuses with ICL/P, and be vital for preconception and prenatal counseling with non-invasive methods. (shrink)

I at ○ ○四年been published "Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas," the meaning of existence and importance of "a text, and start thinking about writing" from and see "exist" and "personality" "article, a total divided into three: First, the concept of things like the meaning and importance of taking the second, by the natural, cultural, religious" realms that "the meaning of I Ching philosophy, three by of the structure of personality form and develop. Due to space constraints, therefore, published only the first (...) paragraph and second paragraph of this article. Since "'The Meaning and Importance of Being' in Thomas Aquinas's Philosophy" was published in 2004, the writer has been thinking about and writing this article, "On Being and Personality in the Light of Yi-Jing and Yi-Zhuan." This paper comprises of three parts: first, the meaning and importance of "taking in images in contemplation of the outside world;" second, on the immanence of the Zhou-Yi philosophy through the doctrine of three realms-nature, humanism and religion; and third, on the formation and cultivation of personality in terms of the structure of Yi-Jing. (shrink)

I at ○ ○四年been published a text, and start thinking about writing a text, were divided into three: First, the concept of things like the meaning and importance of taking the second, by the natural, cultural, religious" realms that "the meaning of I Ching philosophy, three, from the" Book of Changes "structure of personality formation and develop. Because of space limitations, the first paragraph and the second at ○ ○五年April in "Philosophy and Culture" published herein, this was the third paragraph. (...) Since the release of "The Meaning and Importance of Existence in Aquinas's Philosophy" in 2004, the writer has been thinking about and writing "On Being and Personality in the Light of Yi-Jing and Yi-Zhuan." This latter paper proceeds along three parts: first, the meaning and importance of taking in images in contemplation of the outside world; second, the immanence of Zhou-Yi philosophy through the doctrine of three realms-nature, humanism and religion; third, the formation and cultivation of personality in terms of the structure of Yi-Jing. Due to the limitation of length, the first two parts were published in UNIVERSITAS in April 2005, while this is the third part of the whole piece of writing. (shrink)

In any culture, and ultimately, philosophy, and in any kind of philosophy, metaphysics seems to always be hotly discussed subjects. Because philosophy itself is an argumentative knowledge, the most in line with human needs, and in the vast field of philosophy, metaphysics is fundamental to explore the ultimate question of the root or principle. In this reflection, only briefly on three issues: One, what is metaphysics? II, the core concept of metaphysics - there are problems with the nothingness. Parameters, and (...) why many people hate, exclusion metaphysics? In the history of Western philosophy, the metaphysics and ontology have its heyday, there is a period of decline, there has long been discredited and tried to set the kill time. But certainly metaphysics of academics, whether you deny it, both can not remain outside of metaphysics and metaphysics. As "yes" that is "yes", there can not always say "no" or "no." Its reasoning to that, if the world held a referendum in the world, I believe most people would agree: "There is is." This can be said: "People" as a spiritual animal, although his feet standing on the earth in a physical, his mental activity so that he can not admit the existence of the metaphysical. No cultures can dispense with philosophies, while metaphysics seems to be the most controversial subject in any philosophy. Since philosophy is a study not only scrutinous but also the most appropriate to human needs, among the different areas of philosophy, metaphysics is the one that explores the ultimate root or principle of the essential questions. In this article, the writer only discusses three questions succinctly: first, what metaphysics is; second, the central idea of ​​metaphysics - being and nothingness; third, why many people dislike and repel metaphysics . Throughout the development of western philosophy, both metaphysics and ontology have their ups and downs, being chronically besmeared and oppressed. Either for or against metaphysics, we can't discuss metaphysics from the outside, which is just as clear as "being" can be addressed neither as "nonexistence" nor "nothingness" but "being." If we hold a global plebiscite, it is believed most people would agree that "being is being." Therefore we can say: "Man" as a spiritual creature, while his feet stand on the physical ground, his mental activities make him have to recognize his metaphysical being. (shrink)

I was in March last year, that "philosophy and culture"卅一volume the third period, published "Thomas Aquinas philosophy of" presence "of the meaning and importance of the> text is divided into five sections, because of space limitation, only published the first three paragraphs. Published the beginning of the fourth paragraph of this, that St. Thomas Aquinas in the "Aristotelian metaphysics Note" in the presence of some analysts, is divided into seven sections: one, there, there with the style or matrix; Second, since (...) including the existence of three-dimensional and essence; three, the first three-dimensional self-righteousness that the individual exists, since the immediate nature of the secondary; four per manifold and the combination of quality; five, can sense the quality from the original three-dimensional relationship; six dollars per quality of different shape and quality as well as per the principles of how to become an individual existence; seven dollars per quality-shaped and one question. Last March, in UNIVERSITAS, No. 3, Vol. XXXI, the writer published a paper titled as "The Meaning and Importance of Existence in Aquinas's Philosophy". This article is divided into five parts while, due to the finite of space, only three of them were published. Now in this issue, the fourth part is published in seven sections: first, existence, existence and subject; second, substance, including existence and essence; third, the primary substance is individual existence, and the secondary substance is essence; fourth, form / matter and their composition; fifth, the relationship between sensible substance and form; sixth, the difference between form and matter, and how matter becomes the principle of individual existence; seventh, the unity of form and matter. (shrink)