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Philosophy of Gender

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  1. Christa Davis Acampora (2003). Book Review: Jacquelyn N. Zita. Body Talk: Philosophical Reflections on Sex and Gender. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Hypatia 18 (3):212-215.
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  2. Brooke A. Ackerly (2009). Feminist Theory, Global Gender Justice, and the Evaluation of Grant Making. Philosophical Topics 37 (2):179-198.
    In activist circles feminist political thought is often viewed as abstract because it does not help activists make the kinds of arguments that are generally effective with donors and policy makers. The feminist political philosopher's focus on how we know and what counts as knowledge is a large step away from the terrain in which activists make their arguments to donors. Yet, philosophical reflection on the relations between power and knowledge can make a significant contribution to women's human rights work (...)
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  3. Alison Adam (2002). Cyberstalking and Internet Pornography: Gender and the Gaze. Ethics and Information Technology 4 (2):133-142.
    This paper is based on the premise that the analysis of some cyberethics problems would benefit from a feminist treatment. It is argued that both cyberstalking and Internet child pornography are two such areas which have a `gendered' aspect which has rarely been explored in the literature. Against a wide ranging feminist literature of potential relevance, the paper explores a number of cases through a focused approach which weaves together feminist concepts of privacy and the gaze.
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  4. Alison Adam (2002). Gender/Body/Machine. Ratio 15 (4):354–375.
    This article considers the question of embodiment in relation to gender and whether there are models of artificial intelligence (AI) which can enrol a concept of gender in their design. A central concern for feminist epistemology is the role of the body in the making of knowledge. I consider how this may inform a critique of the AI project and the related area of artificial life (A-Life), the latter area being of most interest in this paper. I explore briefly the (...)
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  5. Alison Adam & Jacqueline Ofori-Amanfo (2000). Does Gender Matter in Computer Ethics? Ethics and Information Technology 2 (1):37-47.
    Computer ethics is a relatively young discipline,hence it needs time both for reflection and forexploring alternative ethical standpoints in buildingup its own theoretical framework. Feminist ethics isoffered as one such alternative particularly to informissues of equality and power. We argue that feministethics is not narrowly confined to women''s issues but is an approach with wider egalitarianapplications. The rise of feminist ethics in relationto feminist theory in general is described and withinthat the work of Gilligan and others on an ethic of (...)
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  6. David M. Adams (2002). Book Review: Janet L. Dolgin. Families: Law, Gender and Difference and Defining the Family: Law, Technology, and Reproduction in an Uneasy Age. By New York: New York University Press, 1997. And David M. Estlund and Martha C. Nussbaum. Sex, Preference, and Family: Essays in Law and Nature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Hypatia 17 (3):254-256.
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  7. Jennifer Lynn Adams & Rom Harré (2001). Gender Positioning: A Sixteenth/Seventeenth Century Example. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 31 (3):331–338.
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  8. Janet Afary (2005). Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism. University of Chicago Press.
    In 1978, as the protests against the Shah of Iran reached their zenith, philosopher Michel Foucault was working as a special correspondent for Corriere della Sera and le Nouvel Observateur . During his little-known stint as a journalist, Foucault traveled to Iran, met with leaders like Ayatollah Khomeini, and wrote a series of articles on the revolution. Foucault and the Iranian Revolution is the first book-length analysis of these essays on Iran, the majority of which have never before appeared in (...)
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  9. Kevin Aho (2007). Gender and Time: Revisiting the Question of Dasein's Neutrality. Epoché 12 (1):137-155.
    Many critics have attempted to give an account of a gendered incarnation of Dasein in response to Heidegger’s “neutral” or “asexual” interpretation. In this paper,I suggest gendered readings of Dasein are potentially misleading. I argue Dasein is gendered only to the extent that “the Anyone” (das Man)—understood as relational background of social practices, institutions, and languages—constitutes the space or “clearing” (Lichtung) of intelligibility. However, this reading misrepresents the core motivation of Heidegger’s early project, namely to arrive at “temporality” (Zeitlichkeit) as (...)
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  10. N. G. Albert (2010). Genre and Gender An Interdisciplinary Epistemological Tool. Diogenes 57 (1):5-6.
    (No abstract is available for this citation).
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  11. N. G. Albert (2005). From Myth to Pathology: Perversions of Gender-Types in Late 19th-Century Literature and Clinical Medicine. Diogenes 52 (4):114-126.
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  12. Tamara Albertini (2001). Demonizing the Queen of Sheba: Boundaries of Gender and Culture in Postbiblical Judaism and Medieval Islam (Review). Philosophy East and West 51 (2):322-322.
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  13. Linda Martin Alcoff (2005). The Metaphysics of Gender and Sexual Difference. In Barbara S. Andrew, Jean Clare Keller & Lisa H. Schwartzman (eds.), Feminist Interventions in Ethics and Politics: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    “It is certainly true, as nominalists have been concerned to acknowledge, that judgements about kinds are determined in part by human interests, projects, and practices. But the possibility that human interests, projects, and practices sometimes develop as they do because the real (physical or social) world is as it is suggests that this sort of dependence is not by itself an argument against essentialism.”.
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  14. Linda Martin Alcoff (2005). The Metaphysics of Gender and Sexual Difference. In Barbara S. Andrew, Jean Clare Keller & Lisa H. Schwartzman (eds.), Feminist Interventions in Ethics and Politics: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    “It is certainly true, as nominalists have been concerned to acknowledge, that judgements about kinds are determined in part by human interests, projects, and practices. But the possibility that human interests, projects, and practices sometimes develop as they do because the real (physical or social) world is as it is suggests that this sort of dependence is not by itself an argument against essentialism.”.
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  15. Amy Allen (2007). The Politics of Our Selves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory. Columbia University Press.
    Introduction : the politics of our selves -- Foucault, subjectivity, and the enlightenment : a critical reappraisal -- The impurity of practical reason : power and autonomy in Foucault -- Dependency, subordination, and recognition : Butler on subjection -- Empowering the lifeworld? autonomy and power in Habermas -- Contextualizing critical theory -- Engendering critical theory.
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  16. Amy Allen (2000). Reconstruction or Deconstruction?: A Reply to Johanna Meehan. Philosophy and Social Criticism 26 (3):53-60.
    I argue that Johanna Meehan's call to examine the extra-linguistic psychic, affective and biological dimensions of gender identity is extremely important both for feminist theory in particular and for contemporary Continental philosophy in general. However, I suspect that such an examination might necessitate more than a mere expansion or reconstruction of Habermas' views; on the contrary, I suggest that Meehan's line of argument might lead instead toward a radical deconstruction of Habermasian critical theory. Key Words: feminism • Habermas • identity (...)
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  17. Jeffner Allen (1980). A Review of Suzanne J. Kessler and Wendy McKenna. Gender:An Ethnomethodological Approach. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1978. Human Studies 3 (1).
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  18. Fatima Alvarez-Castillo, Julie Cook Lucas & Rosa Cordillera Castillo (2009). Gender and Vulnerable Populations in Benefit Sharing: An Exploration of Conceptual and Contextual Points. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18 (02):130-.
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  19. Joan Alway (1995). The Trouble with Gender: Tales of the Still-Missing Feminist Revolution in Sociological Theory. Sociological Theory 13 (3):209-228.
    Why do sociological theorists remain uninterested in and resistant to feminist theory? Notwithstanding indications of increasing openness to feminist theory, journals and texts on sociological theory reflect a continuing pattern of neglect. I identify reasons for this pattern, including tensions resulting from the introduction of gender as a central analytical category: Not only does gender challenge the dichotomous categories that define sociology's boundaries and identity, it also displaces the discipline's central problematic of modernity. The significance of this displacement is apparent (...)
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  20. Elsie C. Ameen, Daryl M. Guffey & Jeffrey J. McMillan (1996). Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (5):591 - 597.
    This paper explores possible connections between gender and the willingness to tolerate unethical academic behavior. Data from a sample of 285 accounting majors at four public institutions reveal that females are less tolerant than males when questioned about academic misconduct. Statistically significant differences were found for 17 of 23 questionable activities. Furthermore, females were found to be less cynical and less often involved in academic dishonesty. Overall, the results support the finding of Betz et al. (1989) that the gender socialization (...)
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  21. Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell & Shlomo Bentin (forthcoming). Conscious Awareness is Necessary for Processing Race and Gender Information From Faces. Consciousness and Cognition:-.
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  22. Pamala Sue Anderson (2001). Gender and the Infinite: On the Aspiration to Be All There Is. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 50 (1/3):191-212.
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  23. Pamela Sue Anderson (1999). Tracing Sexual Difference: Beyond the Aporia of the Other. Sophia 38 (1).
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  24. Scott A. Anderson (2005). Sex Under Pressure: Jerks, Boorish Behavior, and Gender Hierarchy. Res Publica 11 (4).
    Pressuring someone into having sex would seem to differ in significant ways from pressuring someone into investing in one’s business or buying an expensive bauble. In affirming this claim, I take issue with a recent essay by Sarah Conly (‘Seduction, Rape, and Coercion’, Ethics, October 2004), who thinks that pressuring into sex can be helpfully evaluated by analogy to these other instances of using pressure. Drawing upon work by Alan Wertheimer, the leading theorist of coercion, she argues that so long (...)
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  25. Judith Andre (1985). Power, Oppression and Gender. Social Theory and Practice 11 (1):107-122.
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  26. Judith Andre (1985). Power, Oppression and Gender. Social Theory and Practice 11 (1):107-122.
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  27. Anthony Appiah (1990). But Would That Still Be Me?" Notes on Gender, "Race," Ethnicity, as Sources of "Identity. Journal of Philosophy 87 (10):493-499.
  28. Meg Armstrong (1996). "The Effects of Blackness": Gender, Race, and the Sublime in Aesthetic Theories of Burke and Kant. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 54 (3):213-236.
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  29. Iulie Aslaksen (2002). Gender Constructions and the Possibility of a Generous Economic Actor. Hypatia 17 (2):118-132.
    : In this paper I discuss various approaches to human motivation, considering how the image of economic actors as motivated by narrow self-interest and greed may be changed to one of self-interest combined with generosity and social responsibility. I draw inspiration from feminist economics as well as from psychological, anthropological and mythological material. As an example, I consider the role of self-interest and generosity as motivating forces for ethical investment.
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  30. M. G. Serap Atakan, Sebnem Burnaz & Y. Ilker Topcu (2008). An Empirical Investigation of the Ethical Perceptions of Future Managers with a Special Emphasis on Gender – Turkish Case. Journal of Business Ethics 82 (3):573 - 586.
    This study presents an empirical investigation of the ethical perceptions of the future managers - Turkish university students majoring in the Business Administration and Industrial Engineering departments of selected public and private Turkish universities - with a special emphasis on gender. The perceptions of the university students pertaining to the business world, the behaviors of employees, and the factors leading to unethical behavior are analyzed. The statistically significant differences reveal that female students have more ethical perceptions about the Turkish business (...)
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  31. Kim Atkins (2011). You've Changed: Sex Reassignment and Personal Identity. Edited by Laurie J. Shrage. Hypatia 26 (4):877-881.
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  32. John C. Avise (2008). The Natural History of the Sexual Genome: Proactive Drivers and Passive Drifters. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 51 (3):484-489.
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  33. Maryann Ayim & Barbara Houston (1985). The Epistemology of Gender Identity: Implications for Social Policy. Social Theory and Practice 11 (1):25-59.
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  34. H. E. Baber (2001). Gender Conscious. Journal of Applied Philosophy 18 (1):53–63.
    members of minorities to divest themselves of features of their “identities” in order to approx- imate to a restrictive white male ideal which, they hold, should not be a requirement for fair treatment and social benefits. I argue that this concern is unwarranted and that “Integration” with respect to gender, as I shall understand it, is overall more conducive to the happiness of both men and women than what I shall call “Diversity”.
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  35. Harriet Baber, Abba, Father: Inclusive Language and Theological Salience.
    The use of “inclusive language” in Christian discourse poses the question of whether gender is theologically salient in the sense of either revealing theologically significant differences between men and women or prescribing different roles for them.
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  36. Harriet Baber, The Gender Tax.
    I was an altar girl at St. Mary the Virgin, New York City–one of the first, in fact. In the mid‑70s, one of my friends approached the Rector and negotiated a deal: we women, who were interested in acolyting, would be allowed to serve at mass during the week, in street clothes, on the condition that we form and staff an altar guild.
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  37. Laurie Babin (1997). Making Sense of the Research on Gender and Ethics in Business. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (4):61-90.
    This article represents an attempt to organize, critique, and extend research findings on gender differences in business ethics. The focus is on two dependent variables—ethical judgment and behavioral intent. Differences in findings between student and professional groups are noted and theoretical implications are discussed. The new research provided for this article contains two benchmark studies undertaken with identical stimuli and identical measures. These studies were followed by two additional studies, using the same measures but different stimuli, as a partial replication (...)
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  38. Amy R. Baehr (2004). Feminist Politics and Feminist Pluralism: Can We Do Feminist Political Theory Without Theories of Gender? Journal of Political Philosophy 12 (4):411–436.
  39. Patricia A. Baker (2002). The Roman Medical Woman R. Flemming: Medicine and the Making of Roman Women: Gender, Nature and Authority From Celsus to Galen . Pp. V + 453. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Cased, £55.00. Isbn: 0-19-924002-. The Classical Review 52 (01):127-.
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  40. Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg & Marinus H. van IJzendoorn (2009). No Reliable Gender Differences in Attachment Across the Lifespan. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (1):22-23.
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  41. Egbert Bakker (2009). Speech in Homer. [REVIEW] The Classical Review 59 (01):12-.
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  42. Nicholas Bamforth (2008). Patriarchal Religion, Sexuality, and Gender: A Critique of New Natural Law. Cambridge University Press.
    Fundamentalist forms of religion today claim authority everywhere, including the debates over the politics and constitutional law of liberal democracies. This book examines this general question through its critical evaluation of a recent school of thought: that of the new natural lawyers. The new natural lawyers are the lawyers of the current Vatical hierarchy, polemically concerned to defend its retrograde views on matters of sexuality and gender in terms of arguments that, in fact, notably lack the philosophical rigor of the (...)
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  43. Roberta Bampton & Patrick Maclagan (2009). Does a 'Care Orientation' Explain Gender Differences in Ethical Decision Making? A Critical Analysis and Fresh Findings. Business Ethics 18 (2):179-191.
    Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of research conducted into the question of gender differences in ethical decision making in organisations. Much of this has been based on questionnaire surveys, typically asking respondents (often students, sometimes professionals) to judge the moral acceptability of actions as described in short cases or vignettes. Overall the results seem inconclusive, although what differences have been noted tend to show women as 'more ethical' than men. The authors of this paper (...)
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  44. T. V. Barchunova (2003). The Selfish Gender, or the Reproduction of Gender Asymmetry in Gender Studies. Studies in East European Thought 55 (1):3-25.
    Gender discrimination can be overt anddeliberate. It can be covert and indeliberate.In the latter case it is called `asymmetry'.The gender studies community aims to reveal andeliminate any forms of gender asymmetry.However, insufficient methodological andtheoretical reflection implies the reproductionof gender asymmetry throughout genderstudies.
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  45. John H. Barnett & Marvin J. Karson (1989). Managers, Values, and Executive Decisions: An Exploration of the Role of Gender, Career Stage, Organizational Level, Function, and the Importance of Ethics, Relationships and Results in Managerial Decision-Making. Journal of Business Ethics 8 (10):747 - 771.
    A study of 513 executives researched decisions involving ethics, relationships and results. Analyzing personal values, organization role and level, career stage, gender and sex role with decisions in ten scenarios produced conclusions about both the role of gender, subjective values, and the other study variables and about situational relativity, gender stereotypes, career stages, and future research opportunities.
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  46. Phillip Barron (2000). Gender Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty System. Radical Philosophy Review 3 (1):89-96.
    Although the demographics on male versus female death-row prisoners suggest that males are criminal justice system’s primary targets, the author argues that the system still discriminates against women. Vtilizing postmodern scholarship, he argues that female prisoners are punished primarily for violating dominant norms of gender correctness.
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  47. Joyce M. Barry (2006). Nature's Altars: Mountains, Gender, and American Environmentalism. Environmental Ethics 28 (4):443-444.
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  48. William L. Barthelemy & Sheldon Wein (1996). Development Officers and Discrimination. Journal of Philosophical Research 21:433-443.
    This paper deals with what a government funded development agency should do when a developing country imposes restrictions on the development process which discriminate on the basis of gender against some members of the development agency’s staff. The conclusion is that there are circumstances in which development agencies should continue their work in the face of gender discrimination but they should not instigate development projects if doing so would involve them in gender discrimination. A set of procedures for a development (...)
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  49. Ingrid Bartsch (2001). Book Review: Chris J. Cuomo. Feminism and Ecological Communities: An Ethic of Flourishing. London and New York: Routledge, 1998. And No�L Sturgeon. Ecofeminist Natures: Race, Gender, Feminist Theory and Political Action. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Hypatia 16 (2):109-111.
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  50. Ismay Barwell (1995). Who's Telling This Story, Anyway? Or, How to Tell the Gender of a Storyteller. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 73 (2):227 – 238.
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  51. Connie R. Bateman & Sean R. Valentine (forthcoming). Investigating the Effects of Gender on Consumers' Moral Philosophies and Ethical Intentions. Journal of Business Ethics.
    Using information collected from a convenience sample of graduate and undergraduate students affiliated with a Midwestern university in the United States, this study determined the extent to which gender (defined as sex differences) is related to consumers’ moral philosophies and ethical intentions. Multivariate and univariate results indicated that women were more inclined than men to utilize both consequence-based and rule-based moral philosophies in questionable consumption situations. In addition, women placed more importance on an overall moral philosophy than did men, and (...)
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  52. Andrea Baumeister (2009). Gender, Culture and the Politics of Identity in the Public Realm. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 12 (2):259-277.
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  53. Andrea Baumeister (2008). Introduction to the Symposium on Gender Equality and Cultural Justice. Res Publica 14 (3):145-146.
    Introduction to the Symposium on Gender Equality and Cultural Justice Content Type Journal Article Pages 145-146 DOI 10.1007/s11158-008-9063-1 Authors Andrea Baumeister, University of Stirling Department of Politics Stirling FK9 5SG UK Journal Res Publica Online ISSN 1572-8692 Print ISSN 1356-4765 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 3.
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  54. Andrea Baumeister (2006). Gender Equality and Cultural Justice: The Limits of 'Transformative Accommodation'. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 9 (3):399-417.
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  55. Carole R. Beal, Andrew Garrod, Kate Ruben, Terri L. Stewart & Dawn J. Dekle (1997). Children's Moral Orientation: Does the Gender of Dilemma Character Make a Difference? Journal of Moral Education 26 (1):45-58.
    Abstract Previous work has found few gender differences in moral orientation among children. Two experiments were conducted with third grade children (8?year?olds) to learn if children's moral orientation would be affected by the gender of dilemma characters: all male, all female, or mixed gender. Children responded to stories in which animal characters faced a conflict. Children's suggestions as to how the characters should solve their problems were coded as expressing a concern for others (care orientation) or a focus on issues (...)
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  56. Stephen Bear, Noushi Rahman & Corinne Post (forthcoming). The Impact of Board Diversity and Gender Composition on Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Reputation. Journal of Business Ethics.
    This article explores how the diversity of board resources and the number of women on boards affect firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings, and how, in turn, CSR influences corporate reputation. In addition, this article examines whether CSR ratings mediate the relationships among board resource diversity, gender composition, and corporate reputation. The OLS regression results using lagged data for independent and control variables were statistically significant for the gender composition hypotheses, but not for the resource diversity-based hypotheses. CSR ratings had (...)
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  57. Muriel J. Bebeau & Mary M. Brabeck (1987). Integrating Care and Justice Issues in Professional Moral Education: A Gender Perspective. Journal of Moral Education 16 (3):189-203.
    Abstract This study examines gender differences in professional school students? ethical sensitivity and moral reasoning, two aspects of Rest's four?component model of moral development. Results indicate that men and women dental students differ in general sensitivity to ethical issues, but not in recognition of issues of care or justice, nor in moral reasoning. Our results contribute to a re?interpretation of Gilligan's gender?difference arguments, and suggest new directions for research in moral development.
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  58. Peter R. Beckman & Francine D'Amico (1994). Women, Gender, and World Politics: Perspectives, Policies, and Prospects. Bergin & Garvey.
    Written as an introductory textbook for the study of world politics and the analysis of gender, this work is suitable for courses in International Relations, ...
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  59. Rafik I. Beekun, Yvonne Stedham, James W. Westerman & Jeanne H. Yamamura (2010). Effects of Justice and Utilitarianism on Ethical Decision Making: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Gender Similarities and Differences. Business Ethics 19 (4):309-325.
    This study investigates the relationship between intention to behave ethically and gender within the context of national culture. Using Reidenbach and Robin's measures of the ethical dimensions of justice and utilitarianism in a sample of business students from three different countries, we found that gender is significantly related to the respondents' intention to behave ethically. Women relied on both justice as well as utilitarianism when making moral decisions. By contrast, men relied only on justice, and did not rely on utilitarianism (...)
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  60. Paul Beidler (2006). Gender, Self, and Play. Angelaki 11 (2):31 – 48.
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  61. Linda A. Bell (2007). Book Review: Visible Identities: Race, Gender, and the Self by Linda Mart�N Alcoff. Hypatia 22 (2):196-200.
  62. Linda A. Bell (1986). Sex as Limited Perspective. Metaphilosophy 17 (2-3):126-134.
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  63. Christina M. Bellon (2011). The Politics of Ourselves: Power, Autonomy, and Gender in Contemporary Critical Theory. By Amy Allen. Metaphilosophy 42 (3):340-345.
  64. Andrew Belsey & Catherine Belsey (1980). Sex, Equality and Mr. Lucas. Philosophy 55 (213):386 - 391.
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  65. Seyla Benhabib (1992). Situating the Self: Gender, Community, and Postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics. Routledge.
    Situating the Self is a decisive intervention into debates concerning modernity, postmodernity, ehtics, and the self. It will be of interest to all concerned with critical theory or contemporary ethics.
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  66. Jessica Benjamin (1997). Shadow of the Other: Intersubjectivity and Gender in Psychoanalysis. Routledge.
    Shadow of the Other is a discussion of how the individual has two sorts of relationships with an "other"--other individuals. The first regards the other as a s work apart is her brilliant utilization of a systematic dialectical approach to her subject, always maintaining the delicate balance between opposing tensions: masculinity and femininity, subjectivity and objectivity, passivity and activity, love and aggression, fantasy and reality, modernism and postmodernism, the intrapsychic and the intersubjective. Benjamin s work apart is her brilliant utilization (...)
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  67. Sigal R. Benporath (2002). Book Review: Allison Dube. Fire with Water: Generations and Genders of Western Political Thought. Calgary, Canada: Parhelion Press, 1998. Hypatia 17 (3):265-267.
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  68. Silvia Benso (2007). The Gift of the Other: Levinas and the Politics of Reproduction Lisa Guenther Suny Series in Gender Theory Albany, NY: Suny Press, 2006, Ix + 190 Pp., $74.50, $24.95 Paper. Dialogue 46 (02):409-.
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  69. Michael Bergin, John S. G. Wells & Sara Owen (2008). Critical Realism: A Philosophical Framework for the Study of Gender and Mental Health. Nursing Philosophy 9 (3):169-179.
    Abstract This paper explores gender and mental health with particular reference to the emerging philosophical field of critical realism. This philosophy suggests a shared ontology and epistemology for the natural and social sciences. Until recently, most of the debate surrounding gender and mental health has been guided either implicitly or explicitly within a positivist or constructivist philosophy. With this in mind, key areas of critical realism are explored in relation to gender and mental health, and contrasted with the positions of (...)
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  70. Richard A. Bernardi & Steven T. Guptill (2008). Social Desirability Response Bias, Gender, and Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment: An International Study. Journal of Business Ethics 81 (4):797 - 809.
    This research is an extension of Walker Information’s (Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, pp. 235–255, 1999) study on employees’ job attitudes that was conducted exclusively in the United States. Walker Information found that the reputation of the organization, fairness at work, care, and concern for employees, trust in employees, and resources available at work were important factors in an employee’s decision to remain with his or her company. Our sample includes 713 students from seven countries: Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, (...)
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  71. Michael Betz, Lenahan O'Connell & Jon M. Shepard (1989). Gender Differences in Proclivity for Unethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics 8 (5):321 - 324.
    This paper explores possible connections between gender and the willingness to engage in unethical business behavior. Two approaches to gender and ethics are presented: the structural approach and the socialization approach. Data from a sample of 213 business school students reveal that men are more than two times as likely as women to engage in actions regarded as unethical but it is also important to note that relatively few would engage in any of these actions with the exception of buying (...)
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  72. Laura Betzig (1999). When Women Win. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (2):217-217.
    In Homo sapiens and other species, promiscuity, risk-taking, and aggression are less matters of sex (having XX vs. XY) than gender (giving PI vs. resources and/or genes). Classic role reversals include: sea-horses, polyandrous birds, and a few heiresses in England and Rome. Unlike other females, but like many males, they are assertive, they take chances, and they are not chaste.
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  73. Emanuela Bianchi (2010). Sexual Topologies in the Aristotelian Cosmos: Revisiting Irigaray's Physics of Sexual Difference. Continental Philosophy Review 43 (3):373-389.
    Irigaray’s engagement with Aristotelian physics provides a specific diagnosis of women’s ontological and ethical situation under Western metaphysics: Women provide place and containership to men, but have no place of their own, rendering them uncontained and abyssal. She calls for a reconfiguration of this topological imaginary as a precondition for an ethics of sexual difference. This paper returns to Aristotelian cosmological texts to further investigate the topologies of sexual difference suggested there. In an analysis both psychoanalytic and phenomenological, the paper (...)
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  74. Emanuela Bianchi (2006). Receptacle/. Hypatia 21 (4).
    : This essay undertakes a reexamination of the notion of the receptacle/chōra in Plato's Timaeus, asking what its value may be to feminists seeking to understand the topology of the feminine in Western philosophy. As the source of cosmic motion as well as a restless figurality, labile and polyvocal, the receptacle/chōra offers a fecund zone of destabilization that allows for an immanent critique of ancient metaphysics. Engaging with Derridean, Irigarayan, and Kristevan analyses, Bianchi explores whether receptacle/chōra can exceed its reduction (...)
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  75. Emanuela Bianchi (2006). Receptacle/Ch?Ra: Figuring the Errant Feminine in Plato's Timaeus. Hypatia 21 (4):124-146.
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  76. Loriliai Biernacki (2006). Sex Talk and Gender Rites: Women and the Tantric Sex Rite. International Journal of Hindu Studies 10 (2).
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  77. Nikola Biller-Andorno (2002). Gender Imbalance in Living Organ Donation. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 5 (2):199-203.
    Living organ donation has developed into an important therapeutic option in transplantation medicine. However, there are some medico-ethical problems that come along with the increasing reliance on this organ source. One of these concerns is based on the observation that many more women than men function as living organ donors. Whereas discrimination and differential access have been extensively discussed in the context of cadaveric transplantation and other areas of health care, the issue of gender imbalance in living organ donation has (...)
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  78. Janis Birkeland (1995). Neutralizing Gender. Environmental Ethics 17 (4):443-444.
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  79. Jill Blackmore (2000). Warning Signals or Dangerous Opportunities? Globalization, Gender, and Educational Policy Shifts. Educational Theory 50 (4):467-486.
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  80. Alcuin Blamires (2006/2008). Chaucer, Ethics, and Gender. Oxford University Press.
    This book makes a vigorous reassessment of the moral dimension in Chaucer's writings. For the Middle Ages, the study of human behavior generally signified the study of the morality of attitudes, choices, and actions. Moreover, moral analysis was not gender neutral: it presupposed that certain virtues and certain failings were largely gender-specific. Alcuin Blamires, mainly concentrating on The Canterbury Tales, discloses how Chaucer adapts the composite inherited traditions of moral literature to shape the significance and the gender implications of his (...)
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  81. Ned Block (1999). Jack and Jill Have Shifted Spectra. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (6):946-947.
    There is reason to believe that people of different gender, race or age differ in spectra that are shifted relative to one another. Shifted spectra are not as dramatic as inverted spectra, but they can be used to make some of the same philosophical points.
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  82. Robyn Bluhm (forthcoming). New Research, Old Problems: Methodological and Ethical Issues in fMRI Research Examining Sex/Gender Differences in Emotion Processing. Neuroethics.
    Abstract Neuroscience research examining sex/gender differences aims to explain behavioral differences between men and women in terms of differences in their brains. Historically, this research has used ad hoc methods and has been conducted explicitly in order to show that prevailing gender roles were dictated by biology. I examine contemporary fMRI research on sex/gender differences in emotion processing and argue that it, too, both uses problematic methods and, in doing so, reinforces gender stereotypes. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper (...)
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  83. Robyn Bluhm (2011). Gender Differences in Depression: Explanations From Feminist Ethics. International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 4 (1).
    Feminist bioethics is committed to recognizing the way that power differentials arising from differences in social location shape health and health care, and also to ensuring that women's experiences inform bioethical analyses (Sherwin 1992, 1998; Scully et al. 2010). Yet there may be a tension between these two points of emphasis, not because they are incompatible but because they require very different perspectives. In this article, I argue that feminist analyses of the relationship between gender and mental disorder have tended (...)
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  84. Rae Lesser Blumberg (2004). Extending Lenski's Schema to Hold Up Both Halves of the Sky: A Theory-Guided Way of Conceptualizing Agrarian Societies That Illuminates a Puzzle About Gender Stratification. Sociological Theory 22 (2):278-291.
    This paper suggests that Lenski's classification of agrarian societies into simple versus advanced, based on the use of iron in the latter, obscures important variations in the gender division of labor and the level of gender stratification. In particular, his categories lump the gender egalitarian irrigated rice societies of Southeast Asia with the great majority of agrarian societies, which are strongly patriarchal. Based on my general theory of gender stratification and experience coding and analyzing gender stratification in the ethnographic databases (...)
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  85. Rae Lesser Blumberg (1984). A General Theory of Gender Stratification. Sociological Theory 2:23-101.
    This chapter sets forth a general theory of gender stratification. While both biological and ideological variables are taken into account, the emphasis is structural: It is proposed that the major independent variable affecting sexual inequality is each sex's economic power, understood as relative control over the means of production and allocation of surplus. For women, relative economic power is seen as varying-and not always in the same direction-at a variety of micro- and macrolevels, ranging from the household to the state. (...)
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  86. Mary Whitlock Blundell (1990). Women and the Ideal Society: Plato's Republic and Modern Myths of Gender. Ancient Philosophy 10 (2):293-299.
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  87. Julian Bond (2002). Reflections on 9/11: Why Race, Class, Gender, and Religion Matter. Philosophia Africana 5 (2):1-11.
  88. Larry W. Boone & Christine R. MacDonald (2009). Broadcasting Operation Iraqi Freedom: The People Behind Cable News Ethics, Decisions, and Gender Differences. Journal of Business Ethics 84:115 - 134.
    In March 2003, President Bush declared the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the anticipated commencement of intensive American-led military operations in Iraq. With this declaration, the media began intense coverage of military operations from the field. For the first time, viewers were able to see images of actual events. This was due to three developments: the advancement of technology allowing immediate transmission of text and images, the actual presence of journalists identified as "embedded journalists" at military sites, and the fierce (...)
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  89. Sarah Borden (2006). Edith Stein's Understanding of Woman. International Philosophical Quarterly 46 (2):171-190.
    This essay looks at Edith Stein’s descriptions of the fundamental equality, yet distinct differences between women and men, and attempts to make clear the ontology underlying her claims. Stein’s position—although drawing from the general Aristotelian-Thomistic position—differs from Thomas Aquinas’s, and she understands gender as tied significantly to our form or soul. The particular way in which gender is “written into” our soul, however, differs from the way in which both our humanity and individuality are tied to our soul. Thus, Stein (...)
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  90. A. Borgmann (1999). Gender, Nature, and Fidelity. Ethics and the Environment 4 (2):131-142.
    Contemporary discussions of gender and nature are likely to suffer from two vexations, the conflict of constructivism and naturalism and the conflict ofnativism and rationalism. As a solution to the first I propose postmodern realism and as a remedy for the second a notion of careful scholarship. With the solutions laid out, I will illustrate and test them by discussing friendship and fidelity within the scope of gender and nature.
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  91. Peta Bowden (1997). Caring: Gender-Sensitive Ethics. Routledge.
    Caring extends and challenges recent debates over feminist ethics by taking issue with accounts of the ethics of care which try to pin down the "principles" of caring, rather than understanding the practice of caring. It explores four main caring practices: mothering, friendship, nursing and citizenship. Bowden's consideration of the differences and similarities in these working practices reveals the complexity of the ethics of caring.
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  92. Mary M. Brabeck, Lauren A. Rogers, Selcuk Sirin, Jennifer Henderson, Michael Benvenuto, Monica Weaver & Kathleen Ting (2000). Increasing Ethical Sensitivity to Racial and Gender Intolerance in Schools: Development of the Racial Ethical Sensitivity Test. Ethics and Behavior 10 (2):119 – 137.
    This article is an attempt to develop a measure of ethical sensitivity to racial and gender intolerance that occurs in schools. Acts of intolerance that indicate ethically insensitive behaviors in American schools were identified and tied to existing professional ethical codes developed by school-based professional organizations. The Racial Ethical Sensitivity Test (REST) consists of 5 scenarios that portray acts of racial intolerance and ethical insensitivity. Participants viewed 2 videotaped scenarios and then responded to a semistructured interview protocol adapted from Bebeau (...)
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  93. Helen Bradford (2000). Peasants, Historians, and Gender: A South African Case Study Revisited,1850–1886. History and Theory 39 (4):86–110.
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  94. Rosi Braidotti (2008). Intensive Genre and the Demise of Gender. Angelaki 13 (2):45 – 57.
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  95. Paul F. Brain (1999). Aggression in Female Mammals: Is It Really Rare? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (2):218-218.
    The view that female mammals are more docile appears to arise in part from imposing human values on animal studies. Many reports of sexual dimorphism in physical aggression favouring the male in laboratory rodents appear to select circumstances where that expectation is supported. Other situations that favour the expression of conflict in females have been (until recently) relatively little studied. Although female rodents generally do not show the “ritualised” forms of conflict that characterise male sexual competition, they can use notably (...)
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  96. Margaret Sönser Breen (2011). Gender and Translation: Writing as Resistance in Primo Levi's Se Questo È Un Uomo. The European Legacy 16 (2):147-165.
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  97. Carl D. Brell (1989). Justice and Caring and the Problem of Moral Relativism: Reframing the Gender Question in Ethics. Journal of Moral Education 18 (2):97-111.
    Abstract The relatively recent addition of women's voices to the study of moral development has led to the postulation of two separate moral contexts defined by gender, each with its own dominating concerns; guiding principles, forms of reasoning and hypothetical end point. While many developmental theorists agree that mature moral reasoning entails some sort of integration of these two perspectives, the exact nature of that reconciliation is a matter of considerable speculation and debate. This paper begins with the premise that (...)
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  98. Samantha Brennan, Families, Efficiency, Gender, and Justice.
    I'm going to focus my comments on a relatively small part of Joe Heath's book, the section on the household division of labour. Although it's a small piece of a much larger picture, I've chosen this area for two reasons: First, it connects with my own interests in issues of family justice. Second, I think for me it highlights a potentially larger problem concerning the relationship between justice and efficiency. When Heath puts the contrast between those who place rights before (...)
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  99. Gillian Brock (2009). Reforming Our Taxation Arrangements to Promote Global Gender Justice. Philosophical Topics 37 (2):141-160.
    In this article I examine how reforming our international tax regime could be an important vehicle for realizing key aspects of global gender justice. Ensuring all,including and especially multinationals, pay their fair share of taxes is crucial to ensuring that all countries, especially developing countries, are able to fund education, job training, infrastructural development, programs which promote gender equity, and so forth, thereby enabling all countries to help themselves better. I discuss various positive proposals for levying global taxes. I review (...)
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  100. Jude Browne & Marc Stears (2005). Capabilities, Resources, and Systematic Injustice: A Case of Gender Inequality. Politics, Philosophy and Economics 4 (3):355-373.
    Focusing on the debate between resource egalitarians and capability theorists, with particular attention to gender equality, this article rejects the prevailing assumption that the ‘capability approach’ to equality, as outlined by Amartya Sen, is better able to respond to important empirically identifiable inequalities than its resource egalitarian alternative, as developed by Ronald Dworkin. Developing and expanding upon the often overlooked Dworkinian ‘principle of independence’, the article contends that resource egalitarianism is capable of identifying and responding to a complex set of (...)
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