У статті запропонований метод оцінки ризику простою автомашин, що прибувають на портовий контейнерний термінал за вантажем. Контейнери на термінал надходять на одиночному судні-контейнеровозі. Метод заснований на представленні терміналу як обслуговуючої системи спеціального огляду. Для знаходження стаціонарного розподілу ймовірностей станів такої системи обслуговування виведено систему алгебраїчних рівнянь та вказано метод її рішення. За допомогою вказаних імовірностей сформульовано критерій доцільності страхування ризику простою автомашин.

Where ethical or regulatory questions arise about an individual’s interests in accessing bioinformation about herself, the value of this information has traditionally been construed in terms of its clinical utility. It is increasingly argued, however, that the “personal utility” of findings should also be taken into account. This article characterizes one particular aspect of personal utility: that derived from the role of personal bioinformation in identity construction. The suggestion that some kinds of information are relevant to identity is not in (...) itself new. However, the account outlined here seeks to advance the debate by proposing a conception of the relationship between bioinformation and identity that does not depend on essentialist assumptions and applies beyond the narrow genetic contexts in which identity is customarily invoked. The proposal is that the identity-value of personal bioinformation may be understood in terms of its instrumental role in the construction of our narrative identities, specifically that its value lies in helping us to develop self-narratives that support us in navigating our embodied existences. I argue that this narrative conception provides useful insights that are pertinent to the ethical governance of personal bioinformation. It illuminates a wider range of ethical considerations in relation to information access; it accounts for variations in the utility of different kinds of information; and it highlights that the context in which information is conveyed can be as important as whether it is disclosed at all. These arguments are illustrated using an example drawn from psychiatric neuroimaging research. (shrink)

The establishing of the Military Chaplaincy Service of Ukraine is closely related to the fundamental socio-cultural transformations of the entire Ukrainian society, which began in 1991, when Ukraine gained independence. After three revolutions, and especially the Revolution of Dignity in 2013-2014, the people of Ukraine finally chose the path of European integration and their further development in the great family of the civilized world. Gradually, all state and public institutions began to reform their internal structures to approach the standards of (...) European societies. This also affected the armed forces of Ukraine, including and chaplain service. Since 1991, the chaplaincy has gone through several stages in its formation. As early as 2014, before the start of full-scale Russian military aggression against Ukraine, important changes took place in the Military Chaplaincy Service, which brought its internal structure closer to the standards of the armed forces of foreign countries. During the years of work of military chaplains in the combat units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, experience has been gained that gradually allows us to assess the effectiveness of the mechanisms of activity and management. This article is a scientific reflection of the personal experience of the author, who is serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a military chaplain in one of the combat units. The activity of a military chaplain within the framework of the military chaplaincy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and at the same time, in the conditions of the unit's execution of combat missions, gives an opportunity to fix and understand the factors of decreasing the effectiveness of military chaplains. The aim of this study is to determine the institutions and administrative factors of ineffective work of military chaplains and to propose management solutions to overcome them. (shrink)

Strange gift from the Lord. It was the fact that I, a young Ukrainian born in Belgium, lived in Rome in this very home, like Patriarch Joseph, and talked repeatedly with him. There was more, I was in particular with Boris, now the bishop of the UGCC of Paris.I want you to understand that the context is not easy. The question is: who is the patriarch, and who is Dimid or even Gudziak? The patriarch was born 125 years ago, and (...) I - 57 years ago. This means that I am now and now 68 years younger than him. Not to mention the experience, the san, about the power. (shrink)

У статті досліджено особливості функціонування європейських інвестиційних компаній, досвід фінансових регуляторів у нагляді за діяльністю таких компаній та її регулюванні. Особливу увагу автори приділяють аналізу результатів упровадження директиви MIFID II, стандартів ESMA в поєднанні з використанням інструментів національних фінансових регуляторів країн-членів Європейського Союзу у сфері нагляду за інвестиційними компаніями й фондами. Зроблено висновок, що застосовуване в ЄС інституційне забезпечення діяльності інвестиційних компаній, попри певні розбіжності з інституційними документами українського регулятора, може бути імплементоване в український фондовий ринок, що дозволить більш широко (...) застосовувати процедури нагляду, внутрішнього аудиту та контролю, уникнути численних порушень законодавства при здійсненні діяльності і, відповідно, штрафних санкцій, підвищити якість інвестиційних послуг на ринку цінних паперів, захистити права користувачів або інвесторів. (shrink)

In the article questions of implementation of regional investment programs which are capable to influence social and economic development of regions and also to promote achievement of strategic priorities of investment development of the state by attraction of financial resources are considered. Special attention is paid to development of the concept of improvement of the mechanism of implementation of regional investment programs as financial instrument for stimulation of regional development. The main components of the concept of improvement of the mechanism (...) of implementation of regional investment programs are defined, namely: principles, purposes, interests, tasks, factors, threats, subjects and objects of management, providing, stages, methods and criteria for evaluation of efficiency of implementation of regional investment programs. Within the offered concept of improvement of the mechanism of implementation of regional investment programs it is allocated the following stages: 1. Development of methodical bases of implementation of regional investment programs. 2. Analysis of conditions and factors of implementation of regional investment programs. 3. Assessment of a condition of implementation of regional investment programs. 4. Assessment of efficiency of implementation of regional investment programs. The conclusion is drawn that the offered concept of improvement of the mechanism of implementation of regional investment programs allows to influence in a complex internal and external threats to the interests of regional investment programs, avoiding and minimizing negative impact in the conditions of the dynamic external environment. (shrink)

У статті, насамперед у контексті методологічного повороту від філософії свідомості до філософії комунікації, досліджено вплив техногенної, інформаційної складової сучасного етапу розвитку суспільства на всі його сфери, що супроводжується змінами в ставленні до людини з її економічними та морально-етичними потребами. При цьому виокремлено основні сучасні фактори, які істотно впливають на зміни в осмисленні проблеми людської гідності: «інформаційна революція», генетичні дослідження, соціально-економічні та екологічні проблеми. У статті з’ясовано, що класики сучасної комунікативної філософії К.-О. Апель, Ю.Габермас, Г.Йонас наголошують на трансформації дискурсивної етики в (...) річище етики соціальної та екологічної, плідності подальшого осмислення проблем свободи та відповідальності, людської гідності. А це своєю чергою сприяє усвідомленню суспільством необхідності персональної і колективної відповідальності (етики відповідальності), що можливо лише за умов повноцінної участі в означених процесах усіх громадян, розвитку справедливої, правової держави. У статті доведено істотний взаємозв’язок питання справедливості та проблеми людської гідності в процесі розподілу матеріальних та духовних ресурсів, можливості створення передумов для подолання сучасних викликів та нагальних екологічних, економічних та морально-етичних проблем. Послідовне реконструювання соціально-філософської складової сучасної комунікативної філософії свідчить про плідність запропонованого нею методологічного принципу осмислення концепту людської гідності, людського буття загалом за сучасних умов розвитку суспільства. (shrink)

У статті здійснюється спроба розв’язати центральну проблему естетики, над якою людство б’ється вже 2500 років: що таке естетичне відношення? Що таке прекрасне і потворне, високе і низьке. комічне і трагічне? Коротко піддавши критиці наявні концепції природи і розуміння сутності категорій естетики, автор доводить, що естетичне як таке не існує: існує естетичне відношення людини до дійсності. Зроблено докладний аналіз цього відношення, виявлено його численні моменти, що дає можливість зрештою з’ясувати, що таке прекрасне і потворне, високе і низьке тощо. Цю концепцію було (...) запропоновано автором сорок років тому як докторську дисертацію, але її розцінили як таку, що суперечить принципам марксизму-ленінізму. (shrink)

У статті розкриваються сутність пасивного типу естетичного відношення людини до світу та його відмінність від інших типів. Цьому передують з’ясування сутності естетичного відношення загалом та коротке визначення його основних типів. З’ясовуючи сутність пасивного естетичного відношення, автор висвітлює насамперед специфіку суб’єкта цього відношення, об’єкта та власне відношення. У статті здійснюється логічний поділ пасивного естетичного відношення людини до світу на різновиди (споглядальний та екзистенціальний ) і розкривається їх сутність.

This article provides a conceptual and normative framework through which we may understand the potentially ethically significant roles that information generated by neurotechnologies about our brains and minds may play in our construction of our identities. Neuroethics debates currently focus disproportionately on the ways that third parties may (ab)use these kinds of information. These debates occlude interests we may have in whether and how we ourselves encounter information about our own brains and minds. This gap is not yet adequately addressed (...) by most allusions in the literature to potential identity impacts. These lack the requisite conceptual or normative foundations to explain why we should be concerned about such effects or how they might be addressed. This article seeks to fill this gap by presenting a normative account of identity as constituted by embodied self-narratives. It proposes that information generated by neurotechnologies can play significant content-supplying and interpretive roles in our construction of our self-narratives. It argues, to the extent that these roles support and detract from the coherence and inhabitability of these narratives, access to information about our brains and minds engages non-trivial identity-related interests. These claims are illustrated using examples drawn from empirical literature reporting reactions to information generated by implantable predictive BCIs and psychiatric neuroimaging. The article concludes by highlighting ways in which information generated by neurotechnologies might be governed so as to protect information subjects’ interests in developing and inhabiting their own identities. (shrink)

The article analyzes the components of the ecclesiological models of the 18th-first third of the twentieth century, which influence the formation of the church's teaching in the movement of evangelical Christians of faith. The author shows that, in spite of the desire to transfer the model of the New Testament church life to real reality, the Pentecostals inherited certain elements of the theological theology of religious predecessors. Spiritual Christianity movements have created mystical communities with charismatic leadership, high ethical standards and (...) sublime ecclesiastical services. Pentecostalists used the Baptist emphasis on holiness and the structure of the local community with the baptism for the water for adults, and also the priesthood of all believers according to spiritual gifts shown by the movement of evangelical Christians. Christians of the evangelical faith of the 20's seek to maintain a balance in the tense relationship between form and freedom, ritual and charisma, organization and movement, and this is to some extent resorted to through the missionary emphasis of the existence of communities and allied institutions. They are cautious about trying to define the church in terms of form and structure, fearing that such systematization will lead to spiritual stagnation and the church will cease to perform the function of preaching the gospel prescribed by God in the power of the Spirit. The central component in the formation of the ecclesiology of Heaven is the New Testament doctrine, its ideas, models and metaphors, as well as elements of the doctrine of the Church of the religious predecessors. (shrink)

The article analyzes the main concepts of the origin of the Pentecostalism. It was found that western studies on the history of Pentecostalism dominated the historical-theological concept of the genesis of movement, which emphasizes the theological context of the future movement, indicating the transformation of the doctrinal content of Protestantism as a key factor for the further development of the Pentecostal. Important are the social causes associated with racial and gender emancipation. Beginning on the margins of society, Pentecostalism, with its (...) emphasis on subjective spiritual experience and individual self-expression of the believer, was able to provide a "higher level of compensation" than other currents of Christianity. At the beginning of the 21st century, researchers emphasize the missionary nature of Pentecostalism and ecclesiology, which is fully adapted to the needs of missionary work. The historians of the discovery of non-American sources of Pentecostalism enable theologians to better understand the sources of openness to local cultures. An analysis of contemporary theological notions about the origin of the Pentecostalism makes it possible to draw a general conclusion that a significant diversity was characteristic of the Pentecostal from the very beginning of this movement. This would make it possible to better understand the identity of the Pentecostal movement as essentially diverse and open to transformations, inculturations, spiritual renewal. It is proved that the variability and dynamism of the movement at the beginning of the 21st century are not a consequence of the influence of postmodernism, but are the traditional features of the Pentecostalism. In the historical and theological studies of the origins and early stages of the Pentecostal movement, several approaches have been developed that try to explain its origin and rapid development. Actualization of various aspects in the course of the genesis of motion confirms its variegated, multi-colored and rootedness not only in theological or missionary, but also socio-cultural reality. From the very beginning of the Pentecostal movement he was characterized by the theological legitimization of "unity in diversity." It arose not because of a later rethinking of the strategies, goals and approaches of the American Pentecostal movement through its meeting with non-American cultures. Rather, it can be argued that "unity in diversity" was an integral part of the historical origin of the phenomenon, which we now call Pentecostalism. (shrink)

У статті досліджено п’ятидесятницьку герменевтику щодо роздільності духовного відродження на основі текстів Нового Завіту. У працях сучасних євангельських дослідників зважено використовуються позитивні досягнення методу аналізу редакцій. З метою адекватного виділення теологічного смислу біблійних наративів використовується інструментарій критики редакцій разом із підходами в галузі літературного аналізу. Своєрідний консенсус в євангельській герменевтиці знівелював питання призначення розповідей у Новому Завіті й пріоритет дидактичних текстів над історичними. Лука, Павло та Іван по-різному виражали свої думки й ставили богословські акценти. Новозавітні автори засвідчують багатобарвну роботу Духа (...) в людині, яку п’ятидесятники розділяють на сотерологічну та харизматичну частини, використовуючи різноманітну лексику, з допомогою якої ці дії описані в їхніх книгах. (shrink)

Originally published in 1939, this volume contains the text of an inaugural lecture delivered by M. M. Postan on his accession to the Professorship of Economic History at the University of Cambridge. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in economic history or the history of the study of humanities.

The article is dedicated to the development of Avicennism in the Ukrainian lands, first of all, in the works of Muslim thinkers who came from the South of Ukraine during the early Modern Era. Giving the importance of the legacy of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) for the Muslim philosophical and theological thought, the question arises of those areas of knowledge that have become common to both approaches. Since ontology of Ibn Sina is meant, in particular the idea of ​​a corresponding gradation (...) of being ("necessary – possible – Impossible"), as well as understanding the very existence as a predicate, both theological and philosophical tradition developed in the direction that was prescribed by the early avicennian commentators. On the basis of the study of the heritage of the Muslim scholars coming from Ukraine (Abu al-Baqa’ al-Kafawi, Muhammad al-Kafawi, Muhammad al-Aqkirmani), the reception of not only "theological avicennicism", but also the works of ibn Sina was adressed. If the initial period (and this is characteristic of the Abu al-Baqa al-Kafawi’s works), Avicennism was considered more descriptively, while the thinkers of the 18th century (Muhammad al-Kafawi and Muhammad al-Aqkirmani) have already made significant efforts to address the corresponding problems that left in “classic Avicennicism" (problem of divine knowledge of infinity, etc.). Based on the relevant manuscripts, some of which are first introduced into scientific circulation, the study makes the following conclusion: the understanding of Avicenism coming from the "Muslim part" of Ukraine as a whole was generall related to the developments in the the Middle Eastern philosophical process of those times. Nevertheless, some local features of the tradition were traced as well. (shrink)

The article covers main features of Early Modern Sufi Philosophy in Crimea. Based on the new discoveries of Arabic manuscripts in Turkey (libraries in Istanbul and Corum) and Germany (Berlin library), the study provides analysis of the Sufi approach towards human onthology, developed by Crimean thinkers Ibrahim al-Qirimi, Abu Bakr al-Kafawi and finally Hussam al-Din al-Qirimi. Apart from the classical Sufi rethinking of a human being as the body-soul entity making spiritual journey towards final Perfect Man (al-insan al-kamal) and approaching (...) ultimate revival, Crimean thinkers also paid great attention to the issue of human freedom, naming it by special term (Arabic al-istiqlal, literary meaning “independence”). In contrast to rather conservative background of Islamic discursive theology (kalam) and other schools of Islamic philosophical thought of the Post-Classical period, special attention to this concept can be regarded as evidence of some "humanistic" tendencies among thinkers of the Crimean Khanate. The article also notes that this concept of freedom was considered by Crimean thinkers as one of the important conditions for the manifestation of Divine Attributes in human existence; that is, the anthropologic measurement of the pantheistic idea of "unity of being", widely poplular among Sufis of those times. Taking into account the fact that the modern notion of "freedom" in the Arabic philosophical thought is based predominantly on Western concepts, the new reading of Sufi Post-Classical manuscripts reveals autochthonous cultural potential of this tradition. (shrink)

Review of Hashas, M. (Ed.). (2021). Pluralism in Islamic Contexts - Ethics, Politics and Modern Challenges. Cham: Springer.

Review of Ahmed Malik, S. (2021). Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm. London: Routledge.

Review of Bloch, Ernst. Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left. Translated by Loren Goldman and Peter Thompson. New York: Columbia University Press.

This article investigates a high-profile and ongoing dilemma for healthcare professionals, namely whether the existence of a duty of care to genetic relatives of a patient is a help or a hindrance in deciding what to do in cases where a patient’s genetic information may have relevance to the health of the patient’s family members. The English case ABC v St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust and others considered if a duty of confidentiality owed to the patient and a putative duty (...) of care to the patient’s close relatives could coexist in this context. This article examines whether embracing the concept of coexisting duties could enable HCPs to respect duties in line with their clinical judgement, thereby providing legal support and clarity to professionals to allow them to provide the best possible genetics service to both the patient and their family. We argue that these dual duties, framed as a novel, composite duty to consider the interests of genetic relatives, could allow HCPs to exercise and act on their professional judgements about the relative value of information to family members, without fears of liability for negligence or breach of confidence. (shrink)

European and international regulation of human health research is typified by a morass of interconnecting laws, diverse and divergent ethical frameworks, and national and transnational standards. There is also a tendency for legislators to regulate in silos—that is, in discrete fields of scientific activity without due regard to the need to make new knowledge as generalisable as possible. There are myriad challenges for the stakeholders—researchers and regulators alike—who attempt to navigate these landscapes. This Delphi study was undertaken in order to (...) provide the first interdisciplinary and crosscutting analysis of health research regulation, as it is experienced by such stakeholders in the UK context. As well as reinforcing existing understandings of the regulatory environment, Delphi participants called for greater collaboration, and even co-production, of processes involved in health research regulation. On the basis of this research, we offer insights about how health research regulation can become a matter with which a wider range of stakeholders—including researchers, regulators, publics and research sponsors—can engage. The evidence supports the normative claim that health research regulation should continue to move away from strict, prescriptive rules-based approaches, and towards flexible principle-based regimes that allow researchers, regulators and publics to co-produce regulatory systems serving core principles. By unpacking thorny concepts and practices at the heart of health research regulation—including the public interest and public engagement—our results have the potential to situate and breathe life into them. The results also demonstrate that while proportionality is well-recognised as a crucial element of flexible regulatory systems, more must be done to operationalise this as an ethical assessment of the values and risks at stake at multiple junctures in the research trajectory. This is required if we are to move beyond proportionality as a mere risk-management tool. Compliance culture no longer accurately reflects the needs and expectations of researchers or regulators, nor does it necessarily produce the best research. Embracing uncertainty—both as a human practice and a regulatory objective—may represent the brighter future for health research. (shrink)

The relevance of the research problem is due to the need for theoretical justification for determining the structure of the principles of legal responsibility. The purpose of the article is to clarify the structure of the principles of legal responsibility in Ukraine. The leading methodological approach of the research is the structural-functional approach, which allows to consider the principles of legal responsibility as elements of the normative part of the legal system, which have their own functional purpose. The article defines (...) the structure of the principles of legal responsibility; it was established that certain legal responsibility principles were considered as essential elements of the system of legal responsibility principles; the basic requirements for the structure of the legal responsibility principles, which make up its content, are revealed. (shrink)

Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 5, Page 605-607, June 2022.

In the article Kobryn Mykhaylo «Symbiosis okcydental and oriental greek-catholic group as a identity of the UGCC» has been investigated the evolution of Okcydental and Oriental identity groups within the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The concept of «religious identity» has been determined. The interaction and relationship of Okcydental and Oriental Greek- Catholic groups has been analyzed. The method of combining pro-Western and pro-Eastern identity groups in the creation of a common identity of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church has been considered.

Aspiracija za jedinstvenim upravljanjem svetom je stara koliko i sam svet. Ona u suštini proizlazi iz naše percepcije sveta kao jednog, bez obzira na sve razlike koje se u njemu takođe vide. U naše vreme ova percepcija je pojačana utiskom o sve većoj međuzavisnosti delova sveta, kao i osećajem da su razlike, ma koliko bile velike, sve manje važne u odnosu na ono što je isto ili bar slično u različitim delovima sveta. Ovaj osećaj jedinstva je još više pojačan percepcijom (...) potrebe, ili nužde, da se o važnim stvarima u svetu odlučuje i upravlja na jedinstven način, bez kolizija koje bi proces odlučivanja učinile neefikasnim ili nemogućim. Ali jedinstvo sveta bi trebalo da u sebi sadrži ideju ravnopravnosti, i neke načelne jednakosti. Međutim, uvidom u način na koji se ovaj proces unifikacije sveta stvarno odvija vidimo mnoge probleme. Neki od njih su za očekivati – problemi reprezentacije i pristanka na svetsku vlast koja bi bila odraz jedinstvene zakonodavne volje čovečanstva. Takva volja možda uopšte ne može da se konstituiše. Umesto nje imamo volju za hegemonijom koju prati ideja nejednakosti i manihejske podele sveta na naš i tuđi deo, kao i razne vrste pokušaja ukidanja onog uslova koji svakom zakonodavstvu daje njegov legitimet – a to je sloboda. Suočavamo se sa idejom da je, kao uslov mira i demokratije (šta god da to znači, ili što će značiti u bližoj i daljoj budućnosti) potrebno uspostaviti krutu nejednakost i rigidnu kontrolu svih različitosti u jednom zamrznutom stanju podele na povlašćene i obezvlašćene, na „dobre“ i „loše“ momke, kao da se svet sastoji od „momaka“. Ključni deo ove sheme je pretpostavka o univerzalnoj samerljivosti svega što život čini vrednim. Ta pretpostavka uniformiše i simplifikuje, smanjuje, svet, negirajući relevanciju i stvarnost razlikama koji sada predstavljaju stvarnost sveta. Zakoni više ne pretpostavljaju postojanje zakonodavne volje. U toj situaciji proizvodnja ogromne količine iluzorne sreće više liči na podmićivanje svetskog lumpenproletarijata, sa rizikom da celokupno čovečanstvo postane totalno ravnodušno prema svakoj posebnosti i svakoj vrlini, sasvim primereno svojoj novoj lumpenproleterskoj prirodi. (shrink)

This article is based upon a lecture delivered at the Jubilee Conference of the Economic History Society at Churchill College, Cambridge, in April 1976. I gratefully acknowledge the discussion of my paper and also wish to thank Professor M.M. Postan and Mr. Clive Trebilcock for reading the manuscript and for their comments. This article draws upon source material collected during two research projects for which thanks are due to the Social Science Research Council for their financial support: the ‘East (...) European Economic History Project’ in which I conducted research with the Investigator Michael C. Kaser at St. Antony's College, Oxford, and my current research on ‘Multinational Companies in Central-East Europe’ at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. Any errors and omissions are my own. (shrink)

Prispevek predstavi sklop evholoških besedil na čast svetemu Hieronimu: od prvih omemb v Gelazijevem zakramentarju do prenovljenega rimskega misala Pavla vi. Orisan je potek kompozicije temeljnih zakramentarjev in misalov rimskega obreda, ki so vir, iz katerega se je bogato razširil obstoječ misal. Predstavljeni so vidiki, ki bi jih za zvest prenos misli, izraženih v latinski evhologiji, v drug jezik, lahko upoštevali. Razširjeni konteksti umeščenega besedila namreč v bogoslužju omogočajo liturgičnemu besedilu, da lahko postane učinkovit dogodek vere. Njihovo neupoštevanje pa učinkovitost (...) besedila omejuje. Zaradi pretežno filološke metode prevedeno evhološko besedilo uporabnika lahko doseže šele s katehezo, homilijo ali komentarjem. Tak pristop je neprimerljivo hitrejši in zaradi še neizdelanih študij za vsak posamezni formular se ohranja vtis, da je zahtevni proces inkulturacije rimskega obreda nujno potrebno centralno nadzorovati. Predstavljena so tudi obvezujoča navodila, s katerimi Cerkev že desetletja usmerja prevajanje in iz katerih postaja še bolj očitna teža in preroškost odločitev, ki jih je v korist vernikov naredila na drugem vatikanskem koncilu. (shrink)

Svaka djelatnost iskazuje identitet djelatnika. U autobiografiji se reprezentira pluralni identitet pisca autobiografije. U njoj otkrivamo ono što je neka osoba. U autobiografiji njen pisac traga za sobom, za svojim osobnim identitetom. U pitanju o identitetu osoba u autobiografiji zapravo pita što je događaj njenog života. Autobiografija je svijest o sebi. Sjećanje i iskustvo izgrađuje i oblikuje osobnu svijest, potvrđuje znanje o vlastitom identitetu, o identitetu koji nije dan nego nastajući, jer tek kroz sjećanje i iskustvo osoba istodobno gradi imaginarnu (...) stvarnost prošlog i postaje ono što jest. U svaku osobnu priču se utka sve što je iskustvo te osobe, iskustvo koje nikako nije samo osobno iskustvo, nego i iskustvo jedne kulture, jezika, obrazovanja, drugih… Autobiografija je tekst u kojem pisac gradi svoj identitet, pokazuje svoju »osobnu kartu« i retušira svoju sliku koju će u njoj priložiti. U pisanju autobiografije pisac ponovo izgrađuje svoj identitet, sebe sama. U svakom djelu stvaralac stvara i sebe samog. U svakoj biografiji je moguće raspoznati mnoga filozofiji relevantna pitanja, od pitanja identiteta do pitanja reprezentiranja subjekta. U onim koje su pisali filozofi posebno. U odluci da piše u prvom licu filozof iskazuje svoju senzibilnost, a iznad svega potvrđuje da je osobno odgovoran za ono što se u njegovom djelu tvrdi, da to nije neka apersonalna, božanska riječ ili kaza anonimnog narodnog mudraca, nego njegova temeljna riječ, filozof sam. Subjekt govori. Presudan je Ego Cogito, koji postaje Osobnost, Ja Pisanja, Autorstvo. Filozofsko djelo je osobna karta filozofa. U autobiografskom tekstu autor otkriva, potvrđuje i definira svoj identitet, ali na kraju ono njegovo uistinu osobno nije njegovo Ja, jer njegovo Ja zapravo postaje junak osobne priče. Pisac autobiografije na kraju postane Ja teksta.Every activity reflects the identity of the person who is engaged in it. In an autobiography a multiple identity of the autobigrapher is displayed. It discloses everything that a person is or was. And no other can do it better than the person in question. In an autobiography, the writer is searching for himself, his own identity. In the identity question of the autobiography , the person asks what has been the crucial event in his or her life. Autobiography is awareness of the self. Memories and experience develop and shape a personal conscience, they attest the awareness of the personal identity, identity which is not a given, but is ever evolving. It is only through remembering and experiencing that a person simultaneously develops the imaginary reality of the past and evolves into what he or she is. Every personal story consists of the experience of that particular person, experience that is not only a personal one, but also experience involving a particular culture, language, education, and contact with others… An autobiography is a text in which a writer develops his own identity, displays his “identity card” and retouches his own image. When writing an autobiography, the writer reinvents his own identity, his own self. In every creative work the creator creates himself, as well. In every biography it is possible to recognize many relevant philosophical issues, from the question of identity to the question of representation of a subject, especially those written by philosophers. By deciding to write in the first person singular, a philosopher expresses his sensitivity, confirming that the philosophy he embodies belongs to him, affirms that he is personally responsible for what he claims in his work, that is certainly not an apersonal, divine sentence or a tale of an anonymous folk sage, but his own quintessential sentence. A subject speaks. This is Ego Cogito that becomes personality, the I of the writing. Authorship. A philosophical work is an identity card of a philosopher. In an autobiographical text, the author discloses, develops, affirms and defines his own identity, but in the end his personal I is not his own I, because his I becomes a protagonist of a personal story. The writer of an autobiography becomes I of the text, in the end. (shrink)

Badioujevo zanimanje za Pascala je posledica načina, kako slednji misli skupaj um in vero, namesto da bi ju preprosto zoperstavljal. Um mora ne le spoznati svoje lastne omejitve, ampak tudi pripoznati presežek, ki deluje hkrati kot ovira in kot poriv njegovega delovanja. Badiou je očitno naklonjen pascalovskemu subjektu, ki veruje, ne da bi bila njegova vera zunanja in zoperstavljena umu. A vseeno se zdi, da Badiou spregleda poseben kontekst Pascalove misli in zato ostaja slep za problematičen značaj pascalovskega, s tem (...) pa tudi svojega lastnega militantnega subjekta. Na kratko rečeno: politični militant zase morda misli, da je subjekt postopka resnice, a da bi to naposled tudi postal, se bo moral izogniti vsaj temu, da postane objekt temačnega, okrutnega in nehvaležnega Boga. Tu nam prav Lacanovo branje Pascala omogoči izdelati bolj rafinirano teorijo subjekta, ki je hkrati svarilo pred krščansko, »perverzno« eksploatacijo tega subjekta. Sodoben primer tovrstne eksploatacije je mogoče videti v neoliberalizmu, ki od nas pričakuje, da dejansko ljubimo sistem, ki nam v zameno ne dolguje ničesar. (shrink)

Avtorica umešča utopije oziroma utopične tekste v zgodovino idej in ugotavlja, da je žanr utopičnega romana s tematiko o realnih in idealnih oblikah vladavin prispeval k odkrivanju resnega v utopijah. Skozi ta postopek si utopija prisvoji zahteve racionalnega diskurza, postane izziv racionalnosti. Določanje tipa racionalnosti, ki je na delu v utopijah pa pomeni iskanje statusa koncepta. Utopija se vzpostavi kot anti-koncept — kot sistematično nasprotovanje realnemu; kot protimodel — v tem je razvidni pomen utopije za racionalnost.

Znano je, da so negativne velikosti svojo legitimnost od svojega nastanka dalje dobile skozi to, da so bile interpretirane kot dolg. S pretvorbo matematike v prirodoslovje pa je ta interpretacija postala nezadostna. Kantov spis iz leta 1763 o negativnih velikosti predstavlja poskus, da se po vzoru na Eulerjev argument o neizogibnosti iz dela Réflexions sur l'espace et le temps pokaže realnost negativnih velikosti izhajajoč iz tretjega Newtonovega zakona akcije in reakcije. Kantov pojem realne zoperstavljenosti skuša dotedanjo interpretacijo – dolg, spraviti (...) z novo – silo. V tekstu nas zanima težava, ki pri tem nastopi: potlačitev paradoksa negativnih velikosti, ki ga je lahko interpretativno zadovoljil le dolg. Drugače rečeno, paradoksna lastnost negativnih velikosti, ki jo je lahko za realno naredil dolg kot družbeni objekt, postane glavna prepreka za njihovo fizikalno intepretacijo. (shrink)

In diesem Text wird die Bedeutung von Husserls ph?nomenologischen Forschungen zur Institution und zur Institutionalisierung. Es wird angenommen, dass die Bedeutung dieser nicht ausreichend bekannten Strategien nur in den unver?ffentlichten Handschriften gefunden werden kann, dass die unterschiedlichen Generationen der Konsultanten von Husserls Archiven eine identische?berzeugung von der Bedeutung der Husserlschen Entdeckungen bezeugt, dass Merleau- Pontys?bersetzung von Stiftung als "institution" dominiert und dass eben diese?bersetzung bewirkt hat, dass Husserl zu einer franz?sischen Angelegenheit wurde. Die Idee des Artikels ist, dass diese Theater (...) der Lekt?re, der?bersetzung und des Einflusses Husserls die kontinentale Philosophie begr?ndet. Das bedeutet, dass Husserls Strategie der Stiftung/Urstiftung am Ursprung dieses Syntagmas liegen kann, da das Denken einer Institution der Philosophie als Denken Europas strukturiert ist, als Denken von Menschheit und als Denken der Begegnung mit dem Anderen. U ovom tekstu se razmatra znacaj Husserlovih fenomenoloskih istrazivanja o instituciji i institucionalizovanju. Pretpostavlja se da je vaznost ovih Husserlovih nedovoljno poznatih "strategija" mogla da bude pronadjena jedino u neobjavljenim manuskriptima, da su razlicite generacije konsultanata Husserlovih arhiva svedocila identicnu veru u znacaj Husserlovih otkrica, da Merleau-Pontyjeva verzija prevoda dominira i da upravo prevod reci Stiftung sa institution, cini da "Husserl" postane cisto "francuska stvar". Ideja je da ovaj teatar citanja, prevodjenja i uticaja Husserla utemeljuje "kontinentalnu filozofiju". To znaci da Husserlova strategija sa Stiftung/Urstiftung moze da bude u poreklu ove sintagme jer je misljenje institucije filozofije strukturirano kao misljenje Evrope, kao misljenje covecnosti /Menschheit/ i kao misljenje susreta sa drugim.. (shrink)

»In vino metaphora« pomeni delno slavljenje Nietzschejevega preseganja nihi-lizma. Za afirmacijo življenja v voljo do moči kot izvoru vse dejavnosti, ki ustvarja vrednote se izkaže, da presega nihilizem, ki ga Nietzscheju pogosto očitajo njegovi kritiki. Ena od pomembnejših oblik volje do moči v tem smislu je intoksikacija ali dionizicno. V Nietzschejevem zgodnjem opusu je bilo dionizicno metafizično in umetniško načelo. Njegov kasnejši opus kontrastira dionizicno intoksikacijo z drugimi oblikami in dionizicno postane tako psihološki kot fiziološki pojav. Članek tudi primerja Nietzschejeve (...) poglede o intoksikaciji s pogledi Walter j a Benjamina ter ju obravnava v zvezi s pojavi kakršna sta rock glasba in severnoameriško izkustvo šestdesetih let. (shrink)

Za klasično in moderno politično filozofijo od Hobbesa prek Kanta in Hegla do Marxa postanemo državljani, ko svojo zakoreninjenost v družinske in družbene vezi spremenimo v pravni in/oziroma politični obstoj. Judith Butler in Marc Abélès, s tem da poudarjata prekarnost politike, postavljata pod vprašaj klasične distinkcije, kot je ločevanje med zasebnim in javnim, ko pokažeta, da sta imanentnost in kontingentnost konfliktov konstitutivna za vznik politike danes. Ker mislita politiko onstran države, tako Butler kot Abélès pojmujeta politični prostor kot križišče različnih (...) razsežnosti konkretnega prostora, kjer postane vidna prekarnost teles. Opirajoč se na ta dognanja, se avtorica distancira od ontologije prekarnosti, kolikor le-ta zamrači radikalno kontingentnost svobode, ki je vedno svoboda pod različnimi pogoji. Zato da bi lahko naredili vidno kontingentnost ustvarjanja političnega prostora, je zato nujno upoštevati konkretne družbene in zgodovinske pogoje takega ustvarjanja. Neontološko pojmovanje prekarnosti politike pa nasprotno omogoča pokazati nenavadno bližino metod, ki jih uporabljajo v psihoanalizi in politični antropologiji. Psihoanalizi in politiki je skupno to, da konstruirata prostor za tavanje. Toda če psihoanalize vseeno ni mogoče priličiti politiki, kolikor ima namreč opraviti s posameznimi singularnostmi in ne kolektivi, pa vseeno lahko ponudi orodja za analizo političnih situacij. (shrink)