As stated by previous researchers, in an increasingly competitive environment, organizations need to develop successful innovations to compete and survive in the long term. Furthermore, sustainability and social issues are gaining increasing importance, to the extent that they are now a matter of high concern for firms and for society. Therefore, organizations cannot improve their results at any price and must be responsible for the consequences of their activities, including innovation. In these conditions, a growing demand for new leadership styles (...) and behaviors arises to face this complex context. Stewardship is a leadership behavior that shows great concern for the impact of the organization’s activity on society. A quantitative study has been conducted with the purpose of providing empirical evidence of the relationship between leaders’ stewardship behavior and innovation success, using radical innovation as an explanatory variable. To confirm the hypotheses, structural equations were used on a dataset from a sample of 300 questionnaires from Spanish companies. The study empirically validates the proposed conceptual model. Results show how radical innovation fully mediates the relationship between leaders’ stewardship behavior and innovation success. (shrink)

A current issue in psycholinguistic research is whether the language difficulties exhibited by children with developmental language disorder [DLD, previously labeled specific language impairment ] are due to deficits in their abilities to pick up patterns in the sensory environment, an ability known as statistical learning, and the extent to which explicit learning mechanisms can be used to compensate for those deficits. Studies designed to test the compensatory role of explicit learning mechanisms in children with DLD are, however, scarce, and (...) the few conducted so far have led to inconsistent results. This work aimed to provide new insights into the role that explicit learning mechanisms might play on implicit learning deficits in children with DLD by resorting to a new approach. This approach involved not only the collection of event-related potentials, while preschool children with DLD [relative to typical language developmental controls] were exposed to a continuous auditory stream made of the repetition of three-syllable nonsense words but, importantly, the collection of ERPs when the same children performed analogous versions of the same auditory SL task first under incidental and afterward under intentional conditions. In each of these tasks, the level of predictability of the three-syllable nonsense words embedded in the speech streams was also manipulated to mimic natural languages closely. At the end of both tasks’ exposure phase, children performed a two-alternative forced-choice task from which behavioral evidence of SL was obtained. Results from the 2-AFC tasks failed to show reliable signs of SL in both groups of children. The ERPs data showed, however, significant modulations in the N100 and N400 components, taken as neural signatures of word segmentation in the brain, even though a detailed analysis of the neural responses revealed that only children from the TLD group seem to have taken advantage of the previous knowledge to enhance SL functioning. These results suggest that children with DLD showed deficits both in implicit and explicit learning mechanisms, casting doubts on the efficiency of the interventions relying on explicit instructions to help children with DLD to overcome their language difficulties. (shrink)

From an early age, exposure to a spoken language has allowed us to implicitly capture the structure underlying the succession of speech sounds in that language and to segment it into meaningful units. Statistical learning, the ability to pick up patterns in the sensory environment without intention or reinforcement, is thus assumed to play a central role in the acquisition of the rule-governed aspects of language, including the discovery of word boundaries in the continuous acoustic stream. Although extensive evidence has (...) been gathered from artificial languages experiments showing that children and adults are able to track the regularities embedded in the auditory input, as the probability of one syllable to follow another syllable in the speech stream, the developmental trajectory of this ability remains controversial. In this work, we have collected Event-Related Potentials while 5-year-old children and young adults were exposed to a speech stream made of the repetition of eight three-syllable nonsense words presenting different levels of predictability to mimic closely what occurs in natural languages and to get new insights into the changes that the mechanisms underlying auditory statistical learning might undergo through the development. The participants performed the aSL task first under implicit and, subsequently, under explicit conditions to further analyze if children take advantage of previous knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities to enhance SL, as observed with the adult participants. These findings would also contribute to extend our knowledge of the mechanisms available to assist SL at each developmental stage. Although behavioral signs of learning, even under explicit conditions, were only observed for the adult participants, ERP data showed evidence of online segmentation in the brain in both groups, as indexed by modulations in the N100 and N400 components. A detailed analysis of the neural data suggests, however, that adults and children rely on different mechanisms to assist the extraction of word-like units from the continuous speech stream, hence supporting the view that SL with auditory linguistic materials changes through development. (shrink)

El atractivo de la figura de San Francisco de Asís ha sido permanente desde el siglo XIII hasta nuestros días. A pesar de sus biografías y leyendas, que deben ser leídas e interpretadas según sus propias estructuras literarias, en su contexto histórico y como obras interdependientes (Cuestión Franciscana), la verdadera imagen del santo se muestra preferentemente en sus escritos personales. Los estudios franciscanos han aportado no sólo una imagen renovada de san Francisco, sino también de su espiritualidad.

Reseña de la obra de Fernando Vidal & Francisco Ortega,_ ¿Somos nuestro cerebro? La construcción del_ _sujeto cerebral_, Alianza, Madrid, 367 pp.

The Tallan people got a social-cultural development in the north of the Inca EMPIRE. It was abruptly interrupted by Francisco Pizarro and his peninsular army in 1532.Because of this historical event, a new socio-economic and political-cultural structure emerge in Piura. Piura was first Spanish city founded in south America this cultural collision caused the necessity of a new nation where the indigenous and European races converges and we are their heirs.

En las sociedades modernas, un gran número de las decisiones que nos afectan descansan en los datos registrados en ficheros informatizados que contienen informaciones sobre millones de personas relativas a un amplio número de facetas de su vida. Para garantizar la dignidad, libertad y el pleno ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales frente al uso torticero de las nuevas tecnologías de la información, el artículo 18.4 de nuestra Constitución ha establecido una nueva garantía constitucional denominada tradicionalmente autodeterminación informativa. Este nuevo derecho (...) es configurado por nuestro Tribunal Constitucional como un derecho fundamental autónomo aunque estrechamente ligado al derecho a la intimidad y un derecho instrumental de garantía de otros derechos fundamentales. El contenido de este derecho es desarrollado en la nueva Ley de Protección de Datos Personales, la Ley Orgánica 15/1999, de 13 de diciembre, que sin duda aporta interesantes y positivas novedades. Sin embargo, al igual que sucedía en el caso de la L. O. 5/1992 LORTAD, siguen existiendo demasiadas sombras que pueden afectar al contenido esencial del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa y que impiden que efectivamente éste pueda cumplir su misión de garantizar la dignidad y la libertad de las personas en las nuevas sociedades de la información. (shrink)

Reseña del libro La objetividad científica y sus contextos. Traducción de Gabriela Domínguez Cárdenas, revisada por el autor. Fondo de Cultura Económica-Universidad Panamericana. México, 2019; 1 vol., 526 páginas.

Se recoge una serie de trabajos que, desde el año 1990 hasta la actualidad, ha dedicado el autor a la reflexión sobre los aspectos ontológicos y políticos en la obra de Espinosa, investigación que se enmarca en el contexto del renacimiento de la reflexión sobre Espinosa en nuestro país impulsada de forma entusiasta y eficaz por Atilano Domínguez. La recuperación de la obra de Espinosa, así como de su talante, puede ser muy importante hoy en día, ya que en su (...) época este autor se resistió a aceptar la cultura de crisis impuesta por el Barroco como pantalla ideológica para ocultar el despliegue del Estado absolutista. (shrink)

Worldwide, vulnerable neighbourhoods of large cities are often the scene of collective violent conflicts linked with migration and ethnic minorities’ struggles for social justice. However, urban conflicts of this kind have not taken place in Spanish cities with high immigration rates, even though the country has been deeply affected by two recent socioeconomic crises (2009 and 2020). This article reports findings of a study aimed at understanding what lies behind this apparent social peace. The research methodology was based on an (...) analysis of secondary socio-economic and socio-relational data from the Spanish Institute of Statistics and from key national surveys and reports. Results confirmed that immigrant population living in the country are strongly segregated in the lower strata of the labour and socioeconomic structure and have been disproportionately affected by the crises. However, research findings also pointed to the existence of strong closed support networks where social capital has been effective at palliating members’ disadvantage and unrest. Drawing on the Theory of Rupture Frames, we argue that this is a fragile and unsustainable social peace, rooted in social injustice, and anticipate that unless actively prevented, uncontrolled conflict will eventually emerge in main cities’ neighbourhoods in Spain. (shrink)

La vigilancia tecnológica, que comienza como un mecanismo empresarial de captación y fidelización clientelar, ha conocido un desarrollo tecnológico tal que, junto a la obtención masiva de datos producidos de forma inconsciente y su tratamiento por la inteligencia artificial, ha permitido la anticipación de las tendencias y la supervisión constante de los deseos e intereses de los usuarios. La integración de vigilancia y consumo ha supuesto que esta lógica del mercado pueda ser entregada a la gubernamentalidad, transformando la racionalidad disciplinaria (...) estática en múltiples dinámicas de observación de una población móvil pero controlable en términos biopolíticos, de modo que el deseo y la libertad se convierten así en dimensiones activas de una economía política actual. Se ofrecen algunos ejemplos de este auténtico panoptismo digital, como puede comprobarse con el uso de navegadores, las aplicaciones financieras, la hipersegmentación de nichos de consumo o el internet de las cosas. Por último, se analiza el tránsito de esta vigilancia hacia una lógica de gobierno basada en la predeterminación de los intereses: es el paso del panoptismo a la gubernamentalidad. (shrink)

En este artículo propongo una aproximación al problema de la libertad en Karl Marx por medio de una lectura de “Los debates sobre la libertad de prensa y la publicación de los debates de la Dieta”, publicado en la Rheinische Zeitung en la primavera de 1842. En un primer momento, presentaré el contexto intelectual en el que se desarrolla este escrito señalando la herencia ilustrada del joven Marx. En un segundo momento, reconstruiré la posición de Marx frente a la libertad (...) de prensa. Finalmente, señalaré dos pliegues en el discurso de Marx que posibilitan una continuidad de la indagación sobre la libertad a lo largo de su obra. (shrink)

The present paper has a negative aim and a positive aim, both limited in the present context to a sketch or outline. The negative aim, today less controversial, is to show that Aristotle’s theory of final causality has little or nothing to do with the teleology rejected by modern science and that, therefore, far from having been rendered obsolete, it has yet to be fully understood. This aim will be met through the identification and brief discussion of some key points (...) on which Aristotle’s theory differs from teleology as still commonly understood. The positive aim is more controversial as it proposes that we take an ontology of life as the proper context for understanding the significance and nature of final causation in Aristotle. The argument for final causation, in other words, is that, without it, we would lose the phenomenon of life and, indeed, of nature altogether, reducing nature to the inanimate and mechanical. (shrink)

Aristotle notoriously begins his examination of being in the sense ofdunamisandenergeiainMetaphysicsTheta with what he describes as the sense that is ‘most dominant’ but not useful for his present aim. He proceeds to define the not-useful sense ofdunamisas “the principle of change in something else or in itself qua other”, along with other senses derived from this primary sense. But what then is the useful sense? All that Aristotle tells us at the outset is that it is a sense that extends (...) “beyond things spoken of only in relation to motion” and nowhere in Book Theta does he explicitly identify the useful sense as such. This has allowed for very different interpretations of the useful sense in the literature, the primary ones being that it is (1) ‘possibility’, (2) the potential to receive a form, (3) being-potentially-x understood modally as encompassing all specific senses ofdunamis, and (4) capacity for substantial change. The present paper argues that there are significant problems with all of these suggestions and defends an identification of the useful sense ofdunamiswith the sense that Aristotle explicitly opposes to the not-useful sense at the start of Theta 8:phusis(‘nature’). This goes hand-in-hand with an identification of the useful sense ofenergeiawith ‘activity’ as distinguished from motion/change at the end of Theta 6. What makes these senses ofdunamisandenergeiathe useful ones for Aristotle’s present aim is that they are required to explain fully the priority ofenergeiatodunamisin substance defended in Theta 8, they support the identification in Theta 9 ofenergeiawith the good, and they explain the unity of the only substances that Aristotle recognizes as being genuinely substances: natural living substances. (shrink)

Libro reseñado: Genealogía del giro lingüístico. Autor: Carlos Rojas.

Formelle Bildung es el concepto de Hegel para determinar la función histórica del arte en el mundo moderno. Esta función contrasta con la inhaltliche o la substantielle Bildung que proporcionó el arte en el mundo oriental y el mundo clásico griego, y en general, con la función decisiva que desempeña el arte en el ethos de culturas donde el arte es inseparable de la religión, donde según Hegel, el arte opera según su determinación suprema. Pero si bien el arte en (...) la cultura moderna ya no puede ser Kunstreligion, religión de arte, ello no significa que haya perdido su función como factor de cultura, sino que sigue siendo imprescindible en ella, aunque ya no para que la comunidad se identifique con los contenidos que el arte le representa, sino para que los individuos se confronten con ellos de un modo crítico-reflexivo. En el mundo moderno el arte ya no es arte de una comunidad, sino de y para una sociedad, de modo que el Estado y la institucionalidad están de por medio. El arte ya es autónomo y no determina doctrinaria o ideológicamente el ethos, pero por la forma de proporcionarle sus intuiciones y sus representaciones a la reflexión, fomenta el ejercicio libre del juicio de los individuos. Según Hegel, el carácter "formal" de la cultura que proporciona el arte en el mundo moderno hace que el arte se convierta en asunto fundamental de política cultural, donde arte y público pasan al primer plano. (shrink)

Moral purism is the view that doing evil is never allowed, even as a means to prevent a greater evil. This article assesses two main versions of moral purism and shows that they are implausible. The first version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that results in a bad states of affairs, while the second version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that is wrong, even if it is only prima facie wrong. (...) I contend that both versions are incomplete, in the sense that they are unable to provide practical guidance for cases in which all available options result in bad states of affairs, or in which all available options are prima facie wrong. (shrink)

In the Winter semester of 1925/26 Heidegger gave what appears to have been his first seminar on Hegel. Still unpublished in any form, this neglected seminar is of extraordinary importance, and not only for the in-depth and critical reading it pursues of Hegel’s Logic I, a critique that charges Hegel with not knowing how or where to begin. The seminar is also important for its attempt to demonstrate that Hegel’s philosophy was thoroughly Greek. In the class of 25 November 1925, (...) Heidegger is reported to have said: “Therefore am I in the habit of saying that Hegel is the most radical Greek there ever was. With the means that were pre-formed in Greek ontology as if in a seed, the means that lay at the roots of Greek ontology, Hegel mastered something (roughly speaking: spirit, history) that in this form was never experienced by the Greeks. This is only asserted here. Proof of this thesis is naturally very difficult.” Heidegger therefore turns towards the end of the seminar to Aristotle’s account of time in the Physics to show that both this understanding of time and the conception of being it presupposes are also Hegel’s. Yet Heidegger entrusts the initial presentation of Aristotle’s conception of time to a student whose reading is at odds with his own, so much so that Heidegger accuses the student of turning everything on its head. The student’s name is H.-G. Gadamer. (shrink)

A partir de la recabación de testimonios profesionales y de pregrado, se describe la elaboración de un proyecto de divulgación de la filosofía en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, se exponen diferentes enfoques que parten de las necesidades académicas, escolares y se extiende a la oralidad vivencial, virtual y de interconexión en diferentes plataformas tecnológicas que cubren diversos segmentos de población con el propósito de divulgar a la filosofía a partir de nuevas estrategias de comunicación filosófica, así como (...) descubrir nuevos enfoques didácticos de transmisión del conocimiento y la cultura filosófica en el centro de México. (shrink)

Los museos han perdido visitantes como consecuencia de la COVID-19 y la ciudadanía sigue creyendo que la ciencia es aburrida. En este contexto de crisis, examinamos, mediante técnicas de análisis de contenido, la presencia de la arqueología en programas de radio y estudiamos los recursos lingüísticos que hacen a la comunicación capaz de emocionar, aumentado las posibilidades de éxito de la divulgación científica. Concluimos que la escasez de equipo humano cualificado en comunicación de la ciencia y experto en recursos para (...) hacerla más atractiva, puede poner en peligro la recuperación de los museos como centros de ocio, cultura y conocimiento. (shrink)

The question addressed here is how Aristotle can characterize the ‘unmoved mover’ that is the ‘first ousia’ and first principle of his metaphysics not only as being alive, but as a model for the best kind of human life. The first step towards understanding this characterization is the distinction between ‘motion’ and ‘activity’ that Aristotle develops in 6th chapter of Metaphysics. Only on the basis of this distinction can we understand how the unmoved mover can be active without being in (...) motion. The second is the argument in De Anima that the soul as principle of life is not any kind of motion, being unmoved even by itself. The soul indeed ‘moves’ in the sense of causing motion, but while remaining itself unmoved. On this basis we see that the meaning of ‘life’ in us is not fundamentally different from its meaning in the divine, and that therefore we can indeed find in the ultimate object of metaphysics a model for how we ourselves are to live. (shrink)

La crisis sanitaria del SARS2-COVID ha traído a nuestra atención el conflicto permanente entre lo público y lo privado; entre los métodos de gestión abordados desde la perspectiva tecnológica sin concesiones a los derechos y libertades fundamentales, y las posiciones éticas que aún pretenden sostener su validez. Desde la aplicación de la tecnología en las mayores barbaries conocidas por la Humanidad hasta el día de hoy, el ser humano se debate entre mayor seguridad o más libertad. El problema es que (...) el individuo, o las organizaciones y empresas que crea, han visto incrementada su capacidad de obrar gracias a la tecnología informática, y esta nueva situación ha dado lugar a la ruptura del pacto social originado por la Revolución Francesa, donde el monopolio del poder se atribuía al Estado a cambio de que éste se sometiera a la voluntad del pueblo expresada por medio de la ley. Hoy día, el individuo se ha vuelto más poderoso y el Estado se resiste a perder su papel. Entre esos dos polos navega la vida de miles de millones de personas, cuyas vidas se han vuelto transparentes a los ojos vigilantes de los Estados y de las grandes corporaciones empresariales. (shrink)

El presente artículo recoge una conferencia inédita. Por un lado, el autor se centra en examinar los usos impropios de la noción de dialéctica, rechazando su concepción como lógica alternativa a la formal, como ciencia o como método en un sentido estricto. Por otro lado, muestra una caracterización de la dialéctica como una «metódica» en sentido amplio que se propone captar totalidades concretas en su despliegue desde un punto de vista materialista, histórico y crítico, con finalidades emancipatorias, cuya cientificidad sólo (...) podría admitirse si se entiende en un sentido subordinado. (shrink)

Este texto objetiva desenvolver discussão sobre os fundamentos dialéticos do desenvolvimento profissional docente. Estrutura-se na revisão de literatura com base em ideias de autores que abordam estudos sobre o desenvolvimento profissional docente e no conceito de desenvolvimento fundamentado nas leis gerais do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Dentre os resultados constatados com o estudo, destaca-se a compreensão de que os autores analisados realizam discussão do desenvolvimento profissional docente como processo de constituição do ser professor relacionado a aquisição de saberes e competências necessárias (...) à profissão. A partir da discussão dos fundamentos dialéticos do desenvolvimento profissional docente, concluiu-se que o mesmo é o movimento histórico e dialético de constituição das maneiras de pensar, sentir e agir do professor e se manifesta nas suas relações pessoais, profissionais e institucionais. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa; Educação; Desenvolvimento Profissional; Processo Dialético. Dialectical Foundations of Professional Teaching Development Abstract: This text aims to develop discussions on the dialectical foundations of professional teaching development. It is structured in the literature review based on ideas of authors that address studies about the professional teaching development and in the concept of the development grounded on the general laws of Dialectical Historical Materialism. Among the results found due the study, we highlight the comprehension that the analyzed authors hold discussion on the professional teaching development as a constitution process of being a teacher related to the knowledge acquisition and the necessary competences in the profession. From the discussion on dialectical foundations of professional teaching development, it was concluded that it is the historical and dialectical movement of constitution of ways of thinking, feeling, and acting as a teacher and it is manifested in its personal, professional, and institutional relations. Keywords: Research And Education; Professional Development; Dialectical Process. Fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants Résumé: Ce texte vise à développer discussion sur les fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants. On structure dans la révision de littérature basée sur les idées d'auteurs qui abordent études sur le développement professionnel des enseignants et dans le concept de développement fondé dans les lois générales du Matérialisme Historique Dialectique. Parmi les résultats constatés avec l'étude, on met en évidence la compréhension que les auteurs analysés réalisent discussion du développement professionnel des enseignants comme processus de constitution d’être professeur lié à l'acquisition de connaissances et compétences nécessaires à la profession. À partir de la discussion des fondements dialectiques du développement professionnel des enseignants, on a été conclu le même est le mouvement historique et dialectique de constitution des façons de penser, de sentir et d'agir du professeur et se manifeste dans ses relations personnelles, professionnelles et institutionnelles. Mots-clés: Recherche Et Education; Développement Professionnel; Processus Dialectique. Data de registro: 20/03/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende analizar críticamente la interpretación llevada a cabo por Étienne Balibar en relación con las tres antinomias de la igualibertad descritas en su obra, así como con las definiciones balibarianas de «ciudadanía social», «Constitución material» y «co-ciudadanía». Para ello, se hará un recorrido por el pensamiento del filósofo a través de su obra La igualibertad. A continuación, se confrontarán algunas de sus tesis con el propósito de mostrar sus límites internos a través de la filosofía del derecho mediante (...) la obra de Luigi Ferrajoli. Para terminar, se propone la propuesta de constitucionalismo garantista de Ferrajoli como posible superación de las antinomias planteadas por Balibar acerca de la igualibertad. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

Procura-se identificar algumas das origens históricas do negacionismo, dando ênfase aos seus aspectos filosóficos. Apresenta-se uma revisão de alguns conceitos basilares como os de verdade e episteme, destacando o quanto foram importantes na História das Ideias e na Filosofia Ocidental. Analisa-se, ainda que de forma resumida, o aspecto social da questão, por meio da compreensão da mudança do sujeito e suas relações de trabalho ao longo da História, principalmente no período pós-industrial. Por fim, discute-se a práxis negacionista, destacando suas principais (...) influências filosóficas e consequências. (shrink)

En esta investigación intentaremos explicitar hasta qué punto Ser y Tiempo es una suerte de tentativa por retomar, en forma correcta, el originario proyecto filosófico que Kant desplegó en su Crítica de la razón pura. Para lograr justificar nuestra conjetura nos centraremos especialmente en la obra de Heidegger Kant y el problema de la Metafísica (1929). En dicho texto nos encontraremos con una controvertida interpretación que el pensador de Meßkirch elaboró del opus magnum de Immanuel Kant. Interpretación que, justamente, podría (...) sugerirnos que su Ser y Tiempo, no sólo estaría hermanado con la Crítica de la razón pura, sino que vendría a ser una correcta continuación del camino allí trazado por el filósofo de Königsberg. (shrink)

Since Sigmund Freud developed and popularized psychoanalysis, this psychological theory has significantly influenced contemporary thinking, particularly in philosophical disciplines focused on understanding human behavior and addressing social problems. Take the examples of political philosophy, race theory, and feminist thought, among many others. However, although sport philosophy qualifies as one such discipline, scholars in this field have given little to no attention to psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical theorists. Remarkably, psychoanalytical notions, especially those of Eric Berne and Norman O. Brown, significantly shaped Bernard (...) Suits’ pioneering thoughts on games. Nevertheless, sport philosophers have largely overlooked the importance of psychoanalysis in Suits’ examinations of games and, more broadly speaking, rarely attempted to apply psychoanalytical concepts to their analyses of sport. In this paper, I explain the psychoanalytical roots of Suits’ theory of games and explore how much of his theory of games is indebted to psychoanalysis. Specifically, I first compare Suits’ analysis of unconscious gameplay to psychoanalytic concepts of repression and neurosis. Subsequently, I explore the alignment between Suits’ views on gameplay and psychoanalytic accounts of play and pleasure. To conclude, I examine the therapeutic and emancipatory character of Suits’ proposal, drawing parallels between his philosophical corpus and critical theorists whose critical analyses of modern society are heavily indebted to Freud. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la conformación del Atlas Iberoamericano en Bioética que ha desarrollado el Centro Anáhuac de Desarrollo Estratégico en Bioética (CADEBI) respecto a la identificación y análisis de las instituciones de Bioética existentes en la Región. Se realizó una revisión documental a través de motores de búsqueda, bases de datos, redes sociales y otras fuentes. La información obtenida se agrupó en seis diferentes categorías de acuerdo con la estructura, objetivos y actividades que desarrollan. De (...) esta manera, se realizó un diagnóstico inicial con base en las fuentes documentales disponibles en la Web. Como parte de los resultados, se identificaron 157 instituciones en 25 países; así como la variación en la densidad institucional, concentrándose principalmente en España (29 instituciones), México (26 instituciones), Argentina (17 instituciones), Brasil (13 instituciones), Chile (11 instituciones) y Colombia (8 instituciones). Además, se resalta la importancia de las comisiones nacionales de bioética en el desarrollo institucional, señalando la relación entre el avance científico y tecnológico de los países y el desarrollo de la bioética. El texto concluye con la propuesta de crear un Observatorio de la Red Iberoamericana de Bioética para documentar y promover el intercambio institucional y científico en la Región, así como algunas recomendaciones derivadas del desarrollo de este trabajo. (shrink)

As coleções paleontológicas representam uma herança natural e cultural, que deve ser salvaguardada em acervos institucionais. Dentre elas, destaca-se a Coleção de Paleovertebrados do Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional (DGP-MN), que sofreu uma considerável perda, em decorrência do incêndio sofrido por este museu em 2018. Uma forma de recuperar as informações históricas e científicas desta coleção está em seu registro iconográfico. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho inventaria e ilustra o acervo, que ficou conhecido no Departamento de Geologia (...) e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional como “Coleção Cope”. Trata-se de uma centena de vertebrados fósseis que foram enviados, sob a forma de empréstimo, ao paleontólogo norte-americano Edward Drinker Cope (1840-1897), no final do século XIX, para identificação e descrição. Grande parte desta coleção foi obtida durante a construção da Estrada de Ferro da Bahia ao São Francisco, inaugurada em 1860. A implementação e consequente ampliação da rede ferroviária no Brasil, no final do século XIX, trouxe não só crescimento econômico, como possibilitou a formação de muitas coleções paleontológicas, uma vez que os cortes abertos nos terrenos para a construção das estradas de ferro revelaram o registro fossilífero, como é o caso da “Coleção Cope”. Se esta não mais existe fisicamente, ao menos a listagem e o registro iconográfico aqui apresentados poderão revalidá-la para a paleontologia brasileira. (shrink)

En su conocida monografía sobre Richard Rorty, publicada en 2008, el sociólogo de la filosofía Neill Gross, formuló, con la intención de corregir los modelos de «sociofilosofía» propuestos por Randall Collins y Pierre Bourdieu, una teoría acerca del «autoconcepto» que los pensadores elaboran sobre sí mismos. Esa teoría, bastante influyente, se sustenta entre otras cosas en lo que puede considerarse una errónea lectura de la obra de Pierre Bourdieu. En primer lugar se exponen los principios que guían la teoría de (...) Gross y su aplicación en la monografía sobre Rorty. En segundo lugar se pondrá en duda la tesis de Gross pretendiendo rebasar con su teoría el modelo explicativo ofrecido por Bourdieu en el ámbito de la sociología de la filosofía, mostrando las distorsiones introducidas en su lectura del sociólogo francés. Finalmente, se sugerirá una reinterpretación de la trayectoria de Rorty apoyándose en la teoría bourdieusiana del habitus y prescindiendo de la noción de «autoconcepto intelectual» introducida por Gross. (shrink)

Las obras de Carroll representan una ajunción en la que coexisten dos visiones radicalmente opuestas de la realidad. En sus obras teóricas, es un lógico perfecto que expone de forma muy clara la belleza y el orden de las ideas. Por el contrario, en Las aventuras de Alice, presenta un mundo sin un orden, una realidad siempre cambiante donde no hay ley a la que aferrarse. Así, en Carroll las dos grandes tradiciones de pensamiento que coexisten en nuestra cultura desde (...) Parménides y Heráclito se funden. (shrink)

Traditionally, the field of science and technology studies (STS) considered the scientific laboratory as the central site of knowledge production and technological development. While providing rich analyses of the social construction of scientific knowledge and the role of non-human actors, STS scholars have often neglected the university – the very context in which laboratories themselves are embedded – as a relevant object of research. In this paper, we argue for re-introducing the university as a relevant category and object of analysis (...) by using the notion of epistemic virtues to link epistemic culture – traditionally the focus of STS – and epistemic structure – traditionally the focus of higher education studies. Advancing this line of argumentation, we make three analytical moves. First, we explore academic freedom as a specific version of negative liberty that extends beyond disciplinary boundaries. We suggest that academics continuously negotiate academic freedom considering culturally and socially situated epistemic virtues such as objectivity and neutrality. Second, we introduce the notion of humility to revisit scientific knowledge production more generally and academic freedom in particular. Finally, we argue that practicing humility leads to enacting the university as an infrastructure of becoming otherwise, thereby enriching our understanding of universities as distinct and highly complex social spaces with a logic of their own. (shrink)

The current human rights framework can shield people from many of the risks associated with neurotechnological applications. However, it has been argued that we need either to articulate new rights or reconceptualise existing ones in order to prevent some of these risks. In this paper, we would like to address the recent discussion about whether current reconceptualisations of the right to mental integrity identify an ethical dimension that is not covered by existing moral and/or legal rights. The main challenge of (...) these proposals is that they make mental integrity indistinguishable from autonomy. They define mental integrity in terms of the control we can have over our mental states, which seems to be part of the authenticity condition for autonomous action. Based on a fairly comprehensive notion of mental health (ie, a notion that is not limited to the mere absence of illness), we propose an alternative view according to which mental integrity can be characterised both as a positive right to (medical and non-medical) interventions that restore and sustain mental and neural function, and promote its development and a negative right protecting people from interventions that threaten or undermine these functions or their development. We will argue that this notion is dissociated from cognitive control and therefore can be adequately distinguished from autonomy. (shrink)