RESUMEN Según Furio Jesi y Giorgio Agamben, la máquina antropológica es un dispositivo histórico que produce imágenes del hombre. En este artículo nos proponemos retomar esta categoría y mostrar que existen dos grandes modelos de máquina según la naturaleza de la imagen generada: la máquina teológica-bíblica, que funciona hasta el siglo XIX y que produce al hombre como ícono; la máquina ateológica, posterior a la muerte de Dios, que produce al hombre como fantasma. ABSTRACT According to Furio Jesi and Giorgio (...) Agamben, the anthropological machine is a historical dispositive that produces images of man. This paper aims at returning to this category and demonstrating that two models of the machine can be found depending on the nature of the image produced: the theological-biblical machine that operates until 19th century and that produces man as icon, and the a-theological machine, after disappearance of God, that produces man as phantasm. (shrink)

En este artículo nos proponemos realizar una lectura de la sección «Anthropologie» de la Enzyklopädie hegeliana con el objetivo de mostrar la particular concepción de lo humano que, incluso a pesar de su autor, se desprende de ella. Para esto analizaremos algunos fenómenos (el niño en el vientre materno, el sonambulismo magnético, etc.) abordados por Hegel en dicha sección. Concluiremos que el «alma» (Seele), objeto específico de la «Anthropologie», cumple la misma función limítrofe (entre naturaleza y espíritu, sensibilidad y entendimiento, (...) etc.) que ha cumplido la imaginación a lo largo de la historia de la metafísica. (shrink)

En este artículo me propongo mostrar que el Péri Archôn de Damascio representa, más allá de las intenciones del autor, la implosión de la metafísica neoplatónica y, al mismo tiempo, el intento más riguroso pero también más desgarrador por mantenerla a flote y asegurar la fundamentación ordenada de la realidad. En este sentido, toda la obra está animada por un doble movimiento: por un lado, la postulación de un Absoluto incoordinado (lo Inefable); por el otro, la postulación en última instancia (...) de algún tipo de coordinación con el Todo. Sostendré, valiéndome de una comparación con algunas tesis de E. Lévinas, que el peligro que ha entrevisto Damascio, con una conciencia mucho más acentuada que sus predecesores, es que la postulación de lo Inefable, en tanto absolutamente incoordinado e irrelativo, conduce a la desfundamentación radical del Ser. Ante este peligro, Damascio se ha visto obligado a retroceder y a relativizar de algún modo a lo Inefable. (shrink)

Resumen En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar que el nacimiento virginal de Jesús se ha constituido, en su sentido dogmático, a partir de una obliteración de la placenta. Para las culturas primitivas, la placenta era considerada un doble o un gemelo del feto. Mostraremos que el peligro de introducir la figura de la placenta en los relatos del nacimiento virginal implicaba la posibilidad de que existiese un doble o un a/ter ego del Salvador. Para nosotros, este doble o gemelo coincide (...) con la figura del Anticristo.This article aims at demonstrating that the virgin birth of Christ has been construed, in its dogmatic sense, based on the obliteration of the placenta. Primitive cultures regarded the placenta as a double or twin of the fetus. We will demonstrate that introducing the placenta into virgin birth narratives dangerously implied the potential of a double or alter ego of the Saviour. In our view, this double or twin brother refers to the Antichrist. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en mostrar que no basta con cuestionar las opiniones establecidas y con argumentar dialécticamente para adoptar una actitud filosófica; es preciso además matar al Padre, es decir asumir un nombre propio, un lugar de enunciación que conlleva una colisión más o menos polémica con los pensadores con quienes dialogamos. Si Sócrates representa la figura del tábano que cuestiona y persuade, el Extranjero del Sofista representa la figura del parricida. Sostendré entonces que la actitud filosófica (...) solo puede explicarse en toda su amplitud y profundidad a partir de estas dos figuras. Asimismo, mostraré que la institución académica tiende a privilegiar la figura del tábano en detrimento de la figura del parricida. (shrink)

There are thirteen instances of the term schema throughout the chapter “Le panoptism”, from Surveiller et punir. We consider that the meaning of this technical term found in Foucault’s work refers to the philosophy of Kant. Gilles Deleuze is one of the few thinkers who noticed the connection between the issue of power and the Kantian schema. Considering that the diagram is analogous to the Kantian schema and the schema —as in Kritik der reinen Vernunft— is a product of imagination, (...) which is the Foucauldian term that corresponds to imagination? This question itself leads to an ontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Foucauldian archeology and genealogy require a political and historical ontology of imagination, which has been partially outlined by Deleuze, but never thought in connection with the imagination. (shrink)

Resumen El concepto de “quiasmo” es fundamental en la filosofía del “último” Merleau-Ponty. Me interesa retomar este concepto para mostrar que, en la nueva ontología esbozada en Le visible et l’invisible y en las notas de la misma época, su función guarda correspondencia con la tarea que, a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía, ha desempeñado la imaginación. En este sentido, una ontología del quiasmo supone por necesidad pensar una ontología de la imaginación. Además, este concepto permite arrojar (...) una luz nueva sobre el problema de la subjetividad.The concept of “chiasm” is central to the philosophy of the “late” Merleau-Ponty. My aim is to retrieve this concept in order to show that, within the framework of the new ontology outlined in Le visible et l’invisible and the notes written during the same period, its function corresponds to the function that imagination has performed throughout the history of philosophy. Thus, an ontology of chiasm necessarily involves reflecting upon an ontology of imagination. Furthermore, the concept of chiasm enables us to shed new light on the problem of subjectivity. (shrink)

En la famosa “Lettre à un critique sévère”, Gilles Deleuze sugiere que existen dos maneras de leer un libro: una que supone un proceso de interpretación y comentario y otra que supone un proceso de experimentación y devenir. En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar que la primera modalidad de lectura es característica de la filosofía entendida como especialización, mientras que la segunda es característica de la filosofía entendida como experimentación. Asimismo, mostraremos que la primera modalidad obedece a un impulso retrospectivo (...) mientras que la segunda a un impulso prospectivo. (shrink)

En este artículo me propongo demostrar la tesis de que el hades es el logos. Para esto examinaré las nociones de psyche, eidolon y soma en la poesía homérica y el cambio semántico que sufren con Platón. Mostraré también, a partir de Hegel, que el logos implica la muerte de la cosa nombrada y un horror ante la desaparición del ser animado. Este horror encuentra su objeto específico en el cadáver. Por último, basándome en Blanchot explicaré que este miedo antropogénico (...) genera dos efectos al interior del logos: la idea y el espectro. (shrink)

En Homo sacer I. Il potere sovrano e la nuda vita, Giorgio Agamben recuerda una expresión que le dirigiera Walter Benjamin a Pierre Klossowski e, indirectamente, al grupo Acéphale: vous travaillez pour le fascisme. En este artículo quisiéramos mostrar que es el pensamiento político-ontológico del propio Agamben, y también en cierto sentido el de Benjamin – quien ha influido de modo decisivo en el filósofo italiano –, el que en verdad corre el riesgo de trabajar para el fascismo. Mostraremos por (...) eso la necesidad de distinguir dos niveles de lo político: un nivel trascendental y un nivel empírico. Si no se atiende a esta distinción, argumentaremos, se corre el riesgo de trabajar, efectivamente, para el fascismo. (shrink)

Light as divine source of truth and excellence is a pervasive metaphor in St. Augustine. This paper examines the distinction between two lights and two eyes: corporeal and incorporeal light, which correspond to the bodily eye and the eye of the soul, respectively. The paper also puts forward a political reading of this light-optic tension.

En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar, por un lado, que resulta factible (y esclarecedor) explicar el capítulo “Of personal identity” del Treatise of Human Nature de David Hume a partir de la obra Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore de Luigi Pirandello, así como esta última obra a partir del texto de Hume; y, por otro lado, que tomando como eje la comparación de la mente con el teatro que propone Hume en dicho capítulo es también posible individuar, según el modo (...) en el que se piensa la relación del pensamiento y la experiencia con el sujeto, dos grandes corrientes en la filosofía moderna: una que podríamos denominar teatro de Autor y otra teatro sin Autor. (shrink)

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar, desde una perspectiva lógica y ontológica, la noción de una “cuarta persona de la Trinidad”, tal como aparece en el De fide orthodoxa y De imaginibus de Juan de Damasco. Sostendremos que esta “cuarta persona” pone en cuestión la lógica de la teología trinitaria. En la medida en que es irreductible a lo divino y a lo humano, así como a la materia y al espíritu, la cuarta persona posee una naturaleza extra-ontológica que exige (...) para expresarse, consecuentemente, una cuarta persona extra-gramatical más allá de la sintaxis. (shrink)

This article aims at demonstrating that the theory of potency developed by Giorgio Agamben lacks a fundamental aspect. The Italian philosopher has pointed out the amphibious nature of potency. However, his analysis does not cover the act, thus failing to observe its amphibious nature. We will demonstrate that this insufficiency lies at the root of several problems –whether ontological, political, aesthetic, ethical, etc.– found in Agamben’s thinking.

In 1966 the Brazilian physicist Klaus Tausk (b. 1927) circulated a preprint from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, criticizing Adriana Daneri, Angelo Loinger, and Giovanni Maria Prosperi`s theory of 1962 on the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. A heated controversy ensued between two opposing camps within the orthodox interpretation of quantum theory, represented by Leon Rosenfeld and Eugene P. Wigner. The controversy went well beyond the strictly scientific issues, however, reflecting philosophical and political commitments within the (...) context of the Cold War, the relationship between science in developed and Third World countries, the importance of social skills, and personal idiosyncrasies. (shrink)

In this work we review a set of readings of Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences –late text of Hegel's work, in which he presents his philosophical system in a completed and finished manner–: La respiración del ser from Germán Prósperi, "Hegel’s Linguistic Thought in the Philosophy of Subjective Spirit. Between Kant and the Metacritics” from J. Surber y “Sign and Symbol in Hegel's Aesthetics from Paul de Man. We propose to emphasize in three aspects analyzed by Hegel in (...) the section on the “Subjective Spirit”: memory, imagination and remembrance. We will also make reference to Science of Logic in which Hegel develops the importance of dialects for philosophy. Our aim is to relate the three aspects mentioned above with Hegel's theorizations of language and nomination, in order to stress that these conceptualizations implies within his philosophical system. (shrink)

The main objective of this research is to identify the current panorama of scientific production associated with governance in university institutions. A bibliometric analysis was developed in Scopus using R Core Team 2022-Bibliometrix and Vosviewer software. The results highlight the countries with the highest productivity in the topic of study, with the most representative authors favoring the understanding of governance. The main thematic clusters stand out. It recognizes the role of university governance and its migration to direct spaces and the (...) transition from a face-to-face model. (shrink)

Osvaldo Guariglia presenta tres modelos paradigm ticos: la propuesta kantiana de una fundamentaci n absoluta basada en la estructura prescriptiva de la raz n pr ctica; la propuesta hegeliana, que intenta superar cr ticamente la de Kant y, por ltimo, la propuesta weberiana, punto de partida de la moderna sociolog a pol tica.

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de ciertos aspectos del pensamiento cartesiano que están implícitos en la Quinta Parte del Discurso del Método, los que serán tomados en cuenta para acceder al alcance que tienen algunos supuestos filosóficos de la teoría lingüística de N. Chomsky. Para ésto, se desarrollan los siguientes aspectos: breve reseña de la filosofía cartesiana; resumen de la Quinta Parte del Discurso del Método; especificación de la concepción "racionalista" de la lingüística de Chomsky; determinación del (...) valor sistemático que posee su apelación al racionalismo filosófico. (shrink)

In an old paper of our group in Milano a formalism was introduced for the continuous monitoring of a system during a certain interval of time in the framework of a somewhat generalized approach to quantum mechanics. The outcome was a distribution of probability on the space of all the possible continuous histories of a set of quantities to be considered as a kind of coarse grained approximation to some ordinary quantum observables commuting or not. In fact the main aim (...) was the introduction of a classical level in the context of QM, treating formally a set of basic quantities, to be considered as beables in the sense of Bell, as continuously taken under observation. However the effect of such assumption was a permanent modification of the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the statistical operator by the introduction of a dissipative term which is in conflict with basic conservation rules in all reasonable models we had considered. Difficulties were even encountered for a relativistic extension of the formalism. In this paper I propose a modified version of the original formalism which seems to overcome both difficulties. First I study the simple models of an harmonic oscillator and a free scalar field in which a coarse grain position and a coarse grained field respectively are treated as beables. Then I consider the more realistic case of spinor electrodynamics in which only certain coarse grained electric and magnetic fields are introduced as classical variables and no matter related quantities. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca presentar los resultados de un estudio desarrollado entre los años 2011 y 2012 sobre las representaciones sociales y percepciones de los migrantes peruanos acerca de su proceso de integración en Santiago de Chile, particularmente respecto del acceso a los servicios públicos de educación, salud y vivienda. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, estos servicios son puestos bajo la mirada de los discursos de los migrantes peruanos, develando la discriminación de la que son objeto debido a su (...) procedencia nacional, así como otras formas de exclusión derivadas de su origen popular, y retratando a la ciudad de Santiago como un escenario receptor de flujos migratorios internacionales. (shrink)

This paper presents a method for investigating counterfactual histories of science. A central notion to our theory of science are “advances”, which are units passed among scientists and which would be conserved in passing from one possible history to another. Advances are connected to each other by nets of causal influence, and we distinguish strong and weak influences. Around sixty types of advances are grouped into ten classes. As our case study, we examine the beginning of the Old Quantum Theory, (...) using a computer to store and process historical information. We describe four plausible possible histories, along with six other implausible ones. (shrink)

A partir de um recorte metodológico descritivo e de levantamento bibliográfico, na extensão que o presente instrumento de comunicação permite, o artigo apresenta um conjunto de treze teorias ou discursos sobre a religião. Mesmo quando o procedimento se revela passível de incongruência, procurou-se classificar as teorias e quase teorias em dois grupos: teorias ou quase teorias reducionistas e teorias e quase teorias não reducionistas. Foram tratadas como não reducionistas aquelas que se atêm ao conteúdo positivo da religião, sendo, por isso, (...) classificadas como substantivas. Foram tratadas como reducionistas teorias que consideram a religião a partir de e em relação a sua expressão na sociedade, sendo também classificadas de funcionalistas. Conclui-se que, em grande medida, as teorias se sobrepõem, algumas delas constituindo desdobramentos necessários ou aprofundamentos críticos de teorias anteriores, de sorte que, em rotinas de pesquisas em Ciências das Religiões se poderiam conjugar diferentes teorias e quase teorias como quadro referencial teórico-metodológico. (shrink)

The main topics of this thesis are cardinal invariants, P -points and MAD families. Cardinal invariants of the continuum are cardinal numbers that are bigger than $\aleph _{0}$ and smaller or equal than $\mathfrak {c}.$ Of course, they are only interesting when they have some combinatorial or topological definition. An almost disjoint family is a family of infinite subsets of $\omega $ such that the intersection of any two of its elements is finite. A MAD family is a maximal almost (...) disjoint family. An ultrafilter $\mathcal {U}$ on $\omega $ is called a P-point if every countable $\mathcal {B\subseteq U}$ there is $X\in $ $\mathcal {U}$ such that $X\setminus B$ is finite for every $B\in \mathcal {B}.$ This kind of ultrafilters has been extensively studied, however there is still a large number of open questions about them.In the preliminaries we recall the principal properties of filters, ultrafilters, ideals, MAD families and cardinal invariants of the continuum. We present the construction of Shelah, Mildenberger, Raghavan, and Steprāns of a completely separable MAD family under $\mathfrak {s\leq a}.$ None of the results in this chapter are due to the author.The second chapter is dedicated to a principle of Sierpiński. The principle $\left $ of Sierpiński is the following statement: There is a family of functions $\left \{ \varphi _{n}:\omega _{1}\longrightarrow \omega _{1}\mid n\in \omega \right \} $ such that for every $I\in \left [ \omega _{1}\right ] ^{\omega _{1}}$ there is $n\in \omega $ for which $\varphi _{n}\left [ I\right ] =\omega _{1}.$ This principle was recently studied by Arnie Miller. He showed that this principle is equivalent to the following statement: There is a set $X=\left \{ f_{\alpha }\mid \alpha \alpha $ then $f_{\beta }\cap g$ is infinite. Miller showed that the principle of Sierpiński implies that non $\left =\omega _{1}.$ He asked if the converse was true, i.e., does non $\left =\omega _{1}$ imply the principle $\left $ of Sierpiński? We answer his question affirmatively. In other words, we show that non $\left =\omega _{1}$ is enough to construct an $\mathcal {IE}$ -Luzin set. It is not hard to see that the $\mathcal {IE}$ -Luzin set we constructed is meager. This is no coincidence, because with the aid of an inaccessible cardinal, we construct a model where non $\left =\omega _{1}$ and every $\mathcal {IE}$ -Luzin set is meager.The third chapter is dedicated to a conjecture of Hrušák. Michael Hrušák conjectured the following: Every Borel cardinal invariant is either at most non $\left $ or at least cov $\left $. Although the veracity of this conjecture is still an open problem, we were able to obtain some partial results: The conjecture is false for “Borel invariants of $\omega _{1}^{\omega }$ ” nevertheless, it is true for a large class of definable invariants. This is part of a joint work with Michael Hrušák and Jindřich Zapletal.In the fourth chapter we present a survey on destructibility of ideals and MAD families. We prove several classic theorems, but we also prove some new results. For example, we show that every almost disjoint family of size less than $\mathfrak {c}$ can be extended to a Cohen indestructible MAD family is equivalent to $\mathfrak {b=c}$. A MAD family $\mathcal {A}$ is Shelah–Steprāns if for every $X\subseteq \left [ \omega \right ] ^{<\omega }\setminus \left \{ \emptyset \right \} $ either there is $A\in \mathcal {I}\left $ such that $s\cap A\neq \emptyset $ for every $s\in X$ or there is $B\in \mathcal {I}\left $ that contains infinitely many elements of X $ denotes the ideal generated by $\mathcal {A}$ ). This concept was introduced by Raghavan which is connected to the notion of “strongly separable” introduced by Shelah and Steprāns. We prove that Shelah–Steprāns MAD families have very strong indestructibility properties: Shelah–Steprāns MAD families are indestructible for “many” definable forcings that does not add dominating reals. According to the author’s best knowledge, this is the strongest notion that has been considered in the literature so far. In spite of their strong indestructibility, Shelah–Steprāns MAD families can be destroyed by a ccc forcing that does not add unsplit or dominating reals. We also consider some strong combinatorial properties of MAD families and show the relationships between them.The fifth chapter is one of the most important chapters in the thesis. A MAD family $\mathcal {A}$ is called $+$ -Ramsey if every tree that branches into $\mathcal {I}\left $ -positive sets has an $\mathcal {I}\left $ -positive branch. Michael Hrušák’s first published question is the following: Is there a $+$ -Ramsey MAD family? It was previously known that such families can consistently exist. However, there was no construction of such families using only the axioms of ZFC. We solve this problem by constructing such a family without any extra assumptions.In the fourth and fifth chapters, we introduce several notions of MAD families, in the sixth chapter we prove several implications and non implications between them. We construct several MAD families with different properties.In the seventh chapter we build models without P -points. We show that there are no P -points after adding Silver reals either iteratively or by the side by side product. These results have some important consequences: The first one is that is its possible to get rid of P -points using only definable forcings. This answers a question of Michael Hrušák. We can also use our results to build models with no P -points and with arbitrarily large continuum, which was also an open question. These results were obtained with David Chodounský.prepared by Osvaldo Guzmán GonzálezE-mail : [email protected] : https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09680. (shrink)

This paper presents a method for investigating counterfactual histories of science. A central notion to our theory of science are "advances" (ideas, data, etc.), which are units passed among scientists and which would be conserved in passing from one possible history to another. Advances are connected to each other by nets of causal influence, and we distinguish strong and weak influences. Around sixty types of advances are grouped into ten classes. As our case study, we examine the beginning of the (...) Old Quantum Theory, using a computer to store and process historical information. We describe four plausible possible histories, along with six other implausible ones. (shrink)

In quest’articolo, articolo prenderò in esame i passi in cui Kant descrive la monadologia leibniziana come un “concetto platonico” del mondo, ossia come una descrizione del mondo intelligibile che non ha nulla a che vedere con la spiegazione del mondo fenomenico. In generale, vorrei mostrare che quest’interpretazione non va contrapposta a quella che lo stesso Kant aveva dato nella prima Critica, dove la monadologia era caratterizzata come un “sistema intellettuale del mondo”. Per fare ciò, risponderò a due domande. La prima (...) riguarda le ragioni che possono aver indotto Kant, in diverse occasioni, a presentare Leibniz come un precursore della teoria della soggettività dello spazio. La seconda riguarda il motivo per cui Kant associa costantemente la monadologia alla teoria platonica delle idee, mostrando come, in entrambi i casi, Kant intenda criticare qualsiasi possibilità di un transito dal mondo sensibile a quello intelligibile. Infine, cercherò di mostrare che, dietro questa lettura deflazionista della monadologia, c’è anche un’implicita autocritica alle tesi che Kant stesso ha sostenuto nella Dissertatio del 1770. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se problematiza un aspecto de la crónica modernista: su compilación y publicación en ediciones críticas. Se revisa el caso de tres libros de autores centroamericanos que aparecieron, originalmente, en publicaciones periódicas: La vida de Rubén Darío Escrita por él mismo (1915), de Rubén Darío; Sensaciones de París y de Madrid (1900), de Enrique Gómez Carrillo; y El libro del trópico (1907), de Arturo Ambrogi. Las tres obras ofrecen particularidades que las convierten en modelos diferentes de un (...) mismo problema filológico, por lo que evidencian lo provechoso que sería para el proceso de lectura de un receptor de hoy, acceder a un texto anotado y editado críticamente. (shrink)

We continue with the study of the Katětov order on MAD families. We prove that Katětov maximal MAD families exist under $\mathfrak {b=c}$ and that there are no Katětov-top MAD families assuming $\mathfrak {s\leq b}.$ This improves previously known results from the literature. We also answer a problem form Arciga, Hrušák, and Martínez regarding Katětov maximal MAD families.

In this paper we deal with the problem of stating what an analogy relation is, according it is usually used on teaching natural sciences. According our proposal, two situations are said to be analogous if their representations includes isomorphical subsets. We analyze the elements that can be inv..