Neuromodulatory effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been extensively studied in chronic pain. A hypothetic mechanism of action would be to prevent or revert the ongoing maladaptive plasticity within the pain matrix. In this review, the authors discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of an abnormal plasticity in patients with chronic pain and the putative mechanisms of NIBS in modulating synaptic plasticity in neuropathic pain conditions.

El proceso educativo sufrió un drástico cambio debido a la pandemia que padecimos a nivel mundial, tuvimos que aprender a usar las herramientas tecnológicas en la enseñanza y en el aprendizaje. Por lo que siguiendo esta tendencia planteamos la utilización de la aplicación “Física M-Lab” en su primera versión para la enseñanza de la cinemática.Como estamos en el campo de las ciencias sociales, utilizamos el diseño cuasiexperimental que nos permitió concluir en que los aprendizajes mejoraron significativamente.

Background Abortion is one of the most common gynaecological procedures. It is related to personal, social, and economic reasons under a legal term that is recognised as a common sexual and reproductive right in most of countries. However, making the decision to abort is complex, because it is politicised and is often framed in public discourse related to moral or ethical issues beyond women’s experiences. Therefore, it is subject to medical criteria, religious evaluations, and sociological analysis. Purpouse The aim of (...) this synthesis of qualitative studies was to synthesise the decision-making experiences of women who legally aborted. Research design and method The Noblit and Hare’s interpretive meta‐ethnography was conducted, and it was written in accordance with the eMERGe meta‐ethnography reporting guidance. Ten studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria, after a comprehensive systematic search strategy in five databases. Findings The metaphor “The wrestling between why and what will happen next” and three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Forces that incite the arm wrestling; (2) Facing social stigma; and (3) Defeated by a greater rival. The metaphor provided interpretive experiences of the moral conflict experienced by women who decided to have an abortion and emerged from the confrontation of the reasons why they decided to abort and the social repercussions that making the decision entails. The result of the struggle was loneliness and vulnerability. Conclusion The lines of action impact policy makers, the media, and health professionals. Actions should focus on the de-stigmatisation and normalisation of abortion, the use of appropriate language, and the training and sensitisation of health professionals. (shrink)

Normal 0 false false false PT-BR JA X-NONE Este ensaio é constituído por reflexões a respeito de alteridade na educação, defendendo a necessidade de olhar o Outro como fonte de aprendizagem, visando o desenvolvimento de relações dialógicas e alteritárias. De início, analisa-se a construção da subjetividade moderna cuja centralidade é o sujeito autônomo e racional que pensa e define as relações a partir de princípios pretensamente universais, os quais muitas vezes procuram assimilar o Outro em si mesmo. A sustentação teórica (...) do texto é o pensamento de Emmanuel Levinas, e daí emerge a proposta de pensar o Outro em sua diferença não para objetivá-lo, mas acolhendo-o em sua realidade concreta. Assim, a presente proposição defende processos de mediação educativa, onde os sujeitos, pela presença do rosto do Outro, deixam-se despertar para a responsabilidade e abertura à exterioridade. (shrink)

Los cambios asociados al envejecimiento y las posibilidades de satisfacción de las necesidades que de ello se derivan, hacen que en Chile los espacios comunitarios de atención y nuevas estrategias de intervención se transformen en una posibilidad para la mantención y la recuperación de la salud de las personas mayores. El objetivo fue identificar el valor terapéutico del "juego" en personas mayores, como un aporte con fines terapéuticos, especialmente en contextos de intervención en comunidad con esta población. El presente artículo (...) muestra los resultados de una investigación-acción-participativa con 12 personas mayores de 60 años, en siete sesiones, durante el año 2013 en la comuna de Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos. Se realizó un taller experiencial abierto, grupo de discusión y aplicación del test de Jugueteo. Se muestra el efecto de la vinculación comunitaria para la construcción de un significado positivo de la actividad lúdica. Se describen conductas de las personas mayores sobre la base de indicadores que evidencian el impacto en el desempeño de actividades terapéuticas. La sistematización de la investigación-acción-participativa muestra el significado atribuido a la actividad lúdica, por sobre la atribución a la recreación, la resignificación de espacios lúdicos dentro de lo cotidiano y comunitario, que permite pensarlo como estrategia terapéutica innovadora. Changes realted to aging and satisfaction possibilities derived from them, in Chile make the community settings of attention and new intervention strategies transform into a possibility for older people to maintain and recover health. The objective was to identify the therapeutic value of "play" in older people, as a contribution with therapeutic purposes, specially in intervention community-based settings with this population. The present study shows the results of a participative action research with 12 people over 60 years old, in seven sessions, during the year 2013 in Valdivia district, Los Ríos region. An open experiential workshop, a discussion group and the aplication of the Test of Playfulness were conducted. The results show the effect of communitary linkage to the construction of a possitive meaning of ludic activity. Older people behaviors are described using indicatiors that shows the impact of therapeutic activities on performance. Systematization of the participative action research shows the meaning attributed to ludic activity, over the atributtion to recreation, but rather to the finding of new meaning of ludic spaces within the community and daily life, that allows to see it as an innovative therapeutic activity. (shrink)

Introducción: El embarazo, aborto, las infecciones de transmisión sexual incluido el Virus de Inmuno Deficiencia Humana, se han convertido en problemas sanitarios de mayor vulnerabilidad en jóvenes. Objetivo: Describir las conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de problemas sexuales y reproductivos de estudiantes universitarios. Método: Investigación descriptiva, el universo estuvo constituido por alumnos de dos grupos de segundo semestre; el grupo de estudio conformado por la totalidad de estudiantes de la Facultad de Salud Pública ; y el control seleccionado mediante una (...) muestra aleatoria de estudiantes del resto de las facultades, se realizó esta selección con el propósito de valorar la homogeneidad de las variables entre los grupos. Resultados: Existe homogeneidad en la mayoría de conductas de riesgo y problemas sexuales en los grupos, en consecuencia estas variables no están influenciadas por la pertenencia a la Facultad de Salud Pública. Se evidencian conductas de riesgo como: inicio temprano de relaciones sexuales, múltiples parejas, infidelidad, relaciones sexuales ligadas al consumo de sustancias, dificultades con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos o de protección; se encontró prevalencia de problemas como: experiencia de embarazos, la mayoría no planeados, abortos inducidos y presencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Conclusiones: Existe vulnerabilidad en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los jóvenes universitarios independientemente de la formación que reciben, por tanto, emerge la necesidad de buscar alternativas integrales de promoción, prevención y educación sexual integral. Introduction: Pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus, have become a health problem of more vulnerable in young people. Objective: To describe risk behaviors and prevalence of sexual and reproductive problems of university. Method: Descriptive study, the universe consisted of students from two groups of second semester; the study group is conformed by students of the Public Health Faculty ; and control selected by a random sample of students from other faculties, in order to assess the homogeneity of the variables between groups. Results: Homogeneity exists in most risk behaviors and sexual problems in groups, therefore these variables are not influenced by membership in the Public Health Faculty. Risk behaviors as evidence: early initiation of sexual activity, multiple partners, infidelity, sexual relationship linked to substance consumption, which prevails alcohol, together with the non-use or inappropriate use of contraception or protection; experience of pregnancy, most unplanned, induced abortions and the presence of sexually transmitted infections: prevalence of problems as found. Conclusions: There is vulnerability in sexual and reproductive health of young students regardless of their training, thus emerges the need to find alternatives comprehensive promotion, prevention and comprehensive sex education. (shrink)

The concept of Smart Healthy Age-Friendly Environments (SHAFE) emphasises the comprehensive person-centred experience as essential to promoting living environments. SHAFE takes an interdisciplinary approach, conceptualising complete and multidisciplinary solutions for an inclusive society. From this approach, we promote participation, health, and well-being experiences by finding the best possible combinations of social, physical, and digital solutions in the community. This initiative emerged bottom-up in Europe from the dream and conviction that innovation can improve health equity, foster caring communities, and sustainable development. (...) Smart, adaptable, and inclusive solutions can promote and support independence and autonomy throughout the lifespan, regardless of age, gender, disabilities, cultural differences, and personal choices, as well as promote happier and fairer living places. The New European Bauhaus initiative gathers “beautiful, sustainable, and inclusive projects and ideas” to inspire a positive transformation around us. The New European Bauhaus 2024 Festival took place between 9-13 April. “Designing the perfect New European Bauhaus neighbourhood: New European Bauhaus meets SHAFE” was a Satellite Event of the Festival, held as an online workshop, organised by the SHAFE Foundation on April 9th, 2024. At the event, a group of 50 participants with a multidisciplinary background discussed how to meet the challenges of the European Garcia family to enable them to live in a perfect neighbourhood. The White Paper presents the findings of the participants with the New European Bauhaus inspiring projects and ideas to house the European Garcia family in their neighbourhood. The White Paper recommends developers, designers, planners, and policymakers to include person-centred design of social and physical environments and technologies. Although awareness of person-centred design is growing, many initiatives still hamper the inclusion of citizens or end-users throughout the development of products and services. (shrink)

Desde un enfoque naturalista, el presente artículo muestra la importancia de las evidencias paleoantropológicas en el estudio de la formación de la conciencia moral. Desde el análisis de los restos fósiles del Pleistoceno, se busca profundizar en la hipótesis de Darwin sobre el origen de la conciencia moral siguiendo su obra _El origen del hombre_ (1871). Desde este punto de vista, la conciencia moral se va desarrollando de manera gradual y continua mediante mecanismos genéticos y culturales durante la evolución humana. (...) De alguna manera, la moral forma parte de nuestra estructura antropológica y la posibilidad de dar en libertad contenido a esa moral responde también a un proceso evolutivo. (shrink)

This study investigates priming in an implicit word stem completion (WSC) task by analyzing the effect of linguistic stimuli characteristics on said task. A total of 305 participants performed a WSC task in two phases (study and test). The test phase included 63 unique-solution stems and 63 multiple-solution stems. Analysis revealed that priming (mean = 0.22) was stronger in the case of multiple-solution stems, indicating that they were not a homogeneous group of stimuli. Thus, further analyses were performed only for (...) the data of the unique-solution stems. Correlations between priming and familiarity, frequency of use, and baseline completion were significant. The less familiar words, which were less frequent, had higher priming values. At the same time, the stems with lower baseline completion generated more priming. A regression analysis showed that baseline completion was the only significant predictor of priming, suggesting that the previous processing of the stimuli had a greater impact on the stimuli with low baseline performance. At the same time, baseline completion showed significant positive correlations with familiarity and frequency of use, and a negative correlation with length. When baseline completion was the dependent variable in the regression analysis, the significant variables in the regression were familiarity and length. These results were compared with those obtained in a study using word fragment completion (WFC) by Soler et al. (2009), in which the same words and procedure were employed. Analysis showed that the variables that correlated with priming were the same as in the WSC task, and that completion baseline was the variable that showed the greatest predictive power of priming. This coincidence of results obtained with WFC and WSC tasks highlights the importance of controlling the characteristics of the stimuli used when exploring the nature of priming. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht den Gebrauch von Moral in der Kommunikation zwischen Trainer und Ath­leten im Spitzensport. Dabei wird moralische Kommunikation aus systemtheoretischer Perspektive als soziale Tatsache konstruiert, um im Lichte dieser Konstruktion konkrete Beispiele aus den Sport­arten Handball und Hockey analysieren und im Hinblick auf ihre Funktionen und Folgen reflektie­ren zu können. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analysen münden in Empfehlungen an Trainer, die zu einem sensiblen Umgang mit Moral raten, da insbesondere dem polemogenen Charakter moralischer und moralisierender Kommunikation Rechnung zu (...) tragen ist. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Die Vereinbarkeit von Spitzensport- und Schulkarriere gestaltet sich für schulpflichtige Nachwuchsathleten sehr schwierig. Der vorliegende Beitrag konstruiert diese Unvereinbarkeit zunächst als Inklusionsproblem und beschreibt dann prinzipielle Lösungsmöglichkeiten im Rahmen einer Funktionalisierung von Schulen. Dabei wird insbesondere die sachliche Funktionalisierung in Form der strukturellen Kopplung von Spitzensport und Schule in den Blick genommen. Am Beispiel der „NRW-Sportschulen" und der „Spezialschulen Sport" in Brandenburg werden schließlich Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser strukturellen Kopplung diskutiert und Barrieren der sachlichen Funktionalisierung von Schulen identifiziert.

Zusammenfassung Spitzensport zu betreiben und gleichzeitig ein Hochschulstudium zu absolvieren, scheint unter den derzeitigen Umständen nahezu unmöglich. Der Artikel konstruiert dieses Phänomen der Unvereinbarkeit zweier Karrieren zunächst gesellschaftstheoretisch als Inklusionsproblem. Da eine merkliche Verbesserung der Situation der Athleten letztlich nur auf Seiten der Hochschule erwartet werden darf, werden anschließend aus organisationstheoretischer Perspektive die dortigen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen interner Strukturveränderungen reflektiert. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie Hochschulen mit den Erwartungen des Spitzensports umgehen können und in welcher Weise sich im Rahmen von Netzwerken (...) womöglich doch Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen den beteiligten Organisationen zugunsten studierender Spitzensportler aufbauen lassen. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Dem deutschen Fußball scheint es geradezu mühelos zu gelingen, Spielerinnen und Spieler mit Migrationshintergrund zu integrieren, was sich deutlich in der Zahl betreffender Spielerinnen und Spieler in den Auswahlmannschaften des Deutschen Fußball Bundes zeigt. Die Mannschaften des Deutschen Handball Bundes dagegen rekrutieren sich bislang ausschließlich aus rein deutschstämmigen Spielerinnen und Spielern. Beim Handballsport scheint es sich hierzulande bislang um etwas ausgesprochen „Deutsches“ zu handeln, mithin um eine Sportart, die fast 20 % der Bevölkerung kaum erreicht und dabei offenkundig sogar (...) die größte Migrantengruppe, nämlich diejenige mit muslimischem Hintergrund, so gut wie vollständig ausschließt. Der Aufsatz steckt sich das Ziel, all jene Mechanismen der Exklusion von Migranten im Handball zu identifizieren und in einem theoretischen Modell zusammenzufassen, die in Deutschland zur Unter- bzw. Nichtrepräsentanz von Spielerinnen und Spielern mit unterschiedlichem Migrationshintergrund im Handballsport beitragen. Aufbauend darauf werden Leitfragen für eine empirische Untersuchung der Exklusionsmechanismen abgeleitet. (shrink)