Aristotle’s and Plato’s doctrine has been used by Christian thinkers in the defense of and explanation of the faith. The end of the 20th century and the beginnings of this century have been marked by an unprecedented attack on the family as a natural institution, that is, it has an unchanging essence that does not change with time. The family as a natural institution is based on a monogamous relationship of a man and a woman with a clear function to (...) serve the individual members of this institution and the society. Proponents of other family forms rally on the contrary, could the Stagirite corpus doctrinae specifically those he enunciated in his work The Politics and Nicomachean Ethics shed light on contemporary issues and provide satisfactory ammunition for Christians? The paper will develop in three parts: first, an exposition of the Stagirite doctrine; second, an overview of the problems and threats to the traditional family and finally an evaluation of the doctrine. (shrink)

Human beings consider the world's problems as such because they affect humanity. Problems are "created" by human beings directly or indirectly either through intended actions or consequences of unintended ones. Human beings inflict problems on themselves or others. One of the greatest social problems the world is facing is the lack of peace and security. The latest threat is caused by terrorism. The people in the regions known for terrorism are suffering from extreme poverty and use terrorism as a means (...) to make their cause heard. Poverty is unfortunately caused mainly by lack of opportunity for self growth and development. Poverty has reduced the populace to living conditions that undermine human dignity. Lack of self-esteem or self worth creates a mind set that looks at human life as worthless. The only saving factor they see is in the spiritual realm, their religion; hence the tendency present among fundamentalists to become suicide bombers. A solution to these problems might be sought through solidarity, as envisioned by Karol Wojtyla. Solidarity sees others as equals and partners in attaining self-fulfillment. Forgetting this principle of social ethics has led to the rule of might, which has led to the human catastrophes that the world witnesses. (shrink)

En este artículo se examina la «actitud» cartesiana y se compara con la de L. Polo, haciendo ver que la admiración, la advertencia de las dificultades que se presentan y la búsqueda de soluciones, es el camino adecuado para hacer filosofía, y no el deseo de seguridad, la duda y el control del conocimiento que, por el contrario, conducen a la admisión de supuestos y prejuicios. La «actitud» determina, en definitiva, qué se entiende por filosofía y su método.

The interpretation of Descartes’ thinking wich is made by professor Polo in Evidencia y realidad en Descartes (and, in general, in all his work) is analysed in this article. The key to understanding Descartes is “the voluntary attitude”, which lies in placing the attention before the arrival of facts and contents of consciousness. So they can be examined and controlled in order to decide if they are reliable or not. The result is an exaggerated dedication which limits the capacity of (...) intelligence to act according to its nature. (shrink)

RESUMENLa distinción entre conocimiento intuitivo y abstractivo, extendida por Duns Escoto, y la consiguiente distinción entre conceptos distintos y confusos, implica una nueva gnoseología en la que la inteligencia asiste pasivamente, como un espejo, a la representación de las esencias, que se manifiestan al margen de su existencia. PALABRAS CLAVECERTEZA–EVIDENCIA–INTUICIÓN–CONOCIMIENTO ABSTRACTIVO–IDEAS CLARAS Y DISTINTAS.ABSTRACTThe distinction between intuitive and abstractive knowledge, spread by Duns Scotus, and the consequent distinction between different and confused concepts, it involves a new gnoseology in which intelligence (...) assists passively, like a mirror, to the presentation of essences, manifested apart from its existence.KEY WORDSCERTAINTY–EVIDENCE–INTUITION–ABSTRACTION–CLEAR AND DISTINCT IDEAS. (shrink)

Eudaimony and destiny.- Almost all the classical theories on ethics place man's objective as his search for happiness. This ideal is based on nature. Medieval thinkers, considering man as a person, came to the conclusion that he is called t o a transcendental destiny; however, because they continued to use the classical ideal of happiness as a conceptual model, they created quite a few difficulties: self-transcendence and self-fulfillment are opposing models. L. Polo, on the other hand, proposes a non-naturalist anthropology (...) that considers each person as destined to transcendence. (shrink)

Este artículo es una exposición y explicación de la descripción del trascendental “amar” como extensión de la intimidad, la libertad y el intelecto personal de la persona humana, es decir, de la persona que carece de réplica y debe “buscar” y amar donalmente a Dios. Como la estructura donal es trina, se exponen y explican también las indicaciones de Polo sobre la esencia del hombre y, más en concreto, sobre la voluntad, el querer libre y el “retorno” de la esencia (...) a la persona para completar dicha estructura. (shrink)

The interpretation of Descartes' thinking wich is made by professor Polo in Evidencia y realidad en Descartes (and, in general, in all his work) is analysed in this article . The key to understanding Descartes is "the voluntary attitude", which lies in placing the attention before the arrival of facts and contents of consciousness. So they can be examined and controlled in order to decide if they are re-liable or not. The result is an exaggerated dedication which limits the capacity (...) of intelligence to act according to its nature. (shrink)

Innate ideas are not objective ideas which have ceased to be doubtful. They are not ideas of attributes or modes but rather true realities. Therefore, they are simple, clear, and distinct. These ideas are not possible to analyze. Innate ideas are not conceived when thinking of "something" but when the real world is felt. Therefore, they correspond with objective ideas.

En el tomo II de la Antropología trascendental, L. Polo estudia la esencia humana de acuerdo con el método del abandono del límite mental. La esencia aparece entonces como la manifestación y el disponer de la persona, que hace posible la constitución del don que completa la estructura donal del amar y el aceptar personal. La tarea de constituir el don toma el relevo a la búsqueda de réplica, que no puede alcanzar su tema, al ser éste inaccesible al intelecto (...) personal. (shrink)

Almost all the classical theories on ethics place man's objective as his search for happiness. This ideal is based on nature. Medieval thinkers, considering man as a person, came to the conclusion that he is called to a transcendental destiny; however, because they continued to use the classical ideal of happiness as a concenptual model, they created quite a few difficulties: self-transcendence and self-fulfillment are opposing models. L. Polo, on the other hand, proposes a non-naturalist anthropology that considers each person (...) as destined to transcendence. (shrink)

En este trabajo se examinan las estrategias discursivas de la literatura de Cervantes y Gracián en torno a la formación del sí mismo y el estatuto del mundo en su sentido metafísico. Conceptos tales como «valor» y «corazón” debieran ser leídos desde una perspectiva ética que delimita esencialmente la constitución del ser humano y de su mundo. Estas estrategias muestran cómo se suelen abordar teóricamente los inicios de la Modernidad desde sus últimas consideraciones (propias del idealismo alemán) y cómo tal (...) vínculo debe ser reconsiderado. (shrink)

En la poesía de Ramón López Velarde es fundamental la presencia del corazón y del alma. Ambos conceptos no son simples y únicos, sino complejos y diversos. Hay un corazón confesional e íntimo, llamado “Corazón de San Agustín”; un corazón como órgano del cuerpo, conocido como “Corazón de Harvey”; y un corazón simbólico, el cual recibe el nombre de “Corazón de León”. En correspondencia con estos elementos, hay un alma individual, perteneciente al sujeto lírico; un Anima mundi, relativa a la (...) belleza del mundo; y un Alma Superior, la cual remite al mundo de las ideas platónicas o arquetípicas. Con base en un enfoque propio de la Mitocrítica, se demuestra la importancia de la presencia del símbolo, del mito y del arquetipo en la poesía de López Velarde. Palabras clave: corazón, alma, mitocrítica, poesía, López Velarde. (shrink)

Según la gnoseología clásica, toda ciencia se ordena de manera jerárquica en principios primeros y evidentes a partir de los cuales se demuestran las demás proposiciones, más complejas y menos generales, siguiendo ciertas reglas. Para Pascal, la geometría muestra de la manera más perfecta el método que se debe seguir en las ciencias, porque está basada solamente en cosas claras y evidentes por la luz natural. Sin embargo, el método perfecto –que consiste en definir todos los términos y demostrar todas (...) las proposiciones– sobrepasa incluso a la geometría. Pero, en aquello que no podemos llegar a conocer, la naturaleza sostiene nuestro razonamiento. Pascal está haciendo referencia aquí a los principios comunes a todo hombre, que se conocen e intuyen con el corazón, y que se constituyen también en el fundamento del conocimiento de las ciencias particulares. (shrink)