O pensamento político de Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal (1880-1970) sofreu uma constante evolução ao longo da sua vida pública. A emergência do Estado Novo, nos anos 30 e 40 do século XX, tornou-o num oposicionista, levando-o a denunciar as suas violências e a desconstruir os seus mitos numa intransigente defesa da democracia. Nos inícios dos anos 60, confrontado com as novas realidades políticas, nascidas da Guerra Fria (1947-1991) e da crise do sistema colonial português (1961), aproveitando a relativa tolerância (...) do Salazarismo a nível editorial, esforça-se por fornecer, nos livros que publica, uma alternativa democrática ao pensamento dominante. O presente texto procura analisar a sua reflexão política numa época caracterizada pelo aparecimento de uma nova geração de contestatários do regime. (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.

Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. To address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that they can be logically consistent while retaining statistical optimality properties. This article characterizes the credal modalities in agnostic hypothesis tests and uses the hexagon of oppositions to explain the logical relations between these modalities. Geometric solids that are composed of hexagons of oppositions illustrate the conditions for these modalities to be logically (...) consistent. Prisms composed of hexagons of oppositions show how the credal modalities obtained from two agnostic tests vary according to their threshold values. Nested hexagons of oppositions summarize logical relations between the credal modalities in these tests and prove new relations. (shrink)

¿Es posible pensar en acciones que orienten hacia la posibilidad de emergencia de nuevos saberes? Las derivas epistémicas de las ciencias sociales nos instan hoy a la recuperación de prácticas silenciadas y sujetos olvidados y estigmatizados, con la finalidad de aproximarnos a otros modos de construcción de conocimientos. De esta manera, intentaremos visualizar su emergencia desde sus planos geográficos, epistémicos y políticos. En este sentido, la reflexión sobre la viabilidad de las formas y patrones canónicos relacionados a la producción del (...) conocimiento en tiempos de crisis, dan lugar a la realización del presente escrito. (shrink)

Ibn al-Bann1321) is the author of one of the four extant of the unfinished zq (fl. Tunis and Marrakesh ca. 1193j accessible for the computation of planetary longitudes. The present paper studies some modifications of the structure of the tables the purpose of which is to make calculations easier. The tables of the planetary and lunar equations of the centre are ' appears as a clever adapter, who displays a clear ingenuity allowing him to introduce formal modifications which give his (...) work an appearance of novelty which does not correspond to reality. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata da relação entre teoria e prática no pensamento de Theodor W. Adorno com o objetivo de analisar as possibilidades de emancipação do sujeito no âmbito da sociedade capitalista contemporânea, questionando sobre um suposto pessimismo do autor. Para tanto, serão contextualizadas as relações entre sujeito e objeto, natureza e razão, teoria e prática e formação e semiformação, com a finalidade de pensar a importância fundamental da teoria para a transformação do mundo a partir de uma análise crítica (...) da sociedade, bem como a pertinência dessa análise ao atual momento brasileiro. A transformação do mundo será pensada a partir das possibilidades de emancipação do sujeito e o papel da formação humana nesse processo no interior de um modelo educacional cada vez mais determinados pelos interesses do capital que direcionam a educação a aspectos meramente práticos de adaptação ao mercado de trabalho. A conclusão aponta no sentido da necessidade imperativa da manutenção da formação teórica e crítica diante dos constrangimentos de ordem prática de um mundo administrado pelos valores capitalistas. Palavras-chave: Theodor W. Adorno. Relação teoria e prática. Semiformação. Pessimismo teórico. Critical Theory and Educational Practice: On the relationship between theoretical pessimism and the transformation of the world to T.W. Adorno Abstract: This article deals with the relationship between theory and practice in the thought of Theodor W. Adorno with the aim of analyzing the possibilities of the subject's emancipation in the context of contemporary capitalist society, questioning the author's supposed pessimism. Therefore, the relationships between subject and object, nature and reason, theory and practice, and Bildung and Halbbildung will be contextualized, with the purpose of thinking about the fundamental importance of theory for the transformation of the world from a thought marked by a critical analysis of the society, as well as the relevance of this analysis to the current Brazilian moment. The transformation of the world will be thought from the possibilities of emancipation of the subject and the role of human formation in this process within an educational model increasingly determined by the interests of capital that led education to merely practical aspects of adaptation to the labor market. The conclusion points towards the imperative need to maintain theoretical and critical education in the face of practical constraints in a world managed by capitalist values. Key-words: Theodor W. Adorno. Theory and practice relationship. Semi-formation. Theoretical pessimism. Teoría, Crítica y Práctica Educativa: Sobre La Relación Entre Pesimismo Teórico Y Transformación Del Mundo En T.W. Adorno Resumen: Este artículo aborda la relación entre teoría y práctica en el pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno con el objetivo de analizar las posibilidades de emancipación del sujeto en el contexto de la sociedad capitalista contemporánea, cuestionando el supuesto pesimismo del autor. Para eso, se contextualizarán las relaciones entre sujeto y objeto, naturaleza y razón, teoría y práctica, y formación y semiformación, con el propósito de pensar la importancia fundamental de la teoría para la transformación del mundo a partir de una análisis crítica de la sociedad, así como la relevancia de este análisis para el momento brasileño actual. La transformación del mundo se pensará desde las posibilidades de emancipación del sujeto y el papel de la formación humana en este proceso dentro de un modelo educativo cada vez más determinado por los intereses del capital que dirigen la educación a aspectos meramente prácticos de adaptación al mercado laboral. La conclusión apunta hacia la imperiosa necesidad de mantener una formación teórica y crítica frente a las limitaciones prácticas en un mundo gestionado por valores capitalistas. Palabras-clave: Theodor W. Adorno. Relación teoría y práctica. Semiformación. Pesimismo teórico. Data de registro: 08/09/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

This paper investigates some classical oppositional categories, like synthetic versus analytic, posterior versus prior, imagination versus grammar, metaphor versus hermeneutics, metaphysics versus observation, innovation versus routine, and image versus sound, and the role they play in epistemology and philosophy of science. The epistemological framework of _objective cognitive constructivism_ is of special interest in these investigations. Oppositional relations are formally represented using algebraic lattice structures like the cube and the hexagon of opposition, with applications in the contexts of modern color theory, (...) Kantian philosophy, Jungian psychology, and linguistics. (shrink)

Resumo: O objeto deste ensaio é a análise crítica do posicionamento atual de Jürgen Habermas sobre o papel da religião no debate público. A partir da análise de dois textos recentes do mesmo sobre o tema, comparando-os com escritos anteriores, o ensaio aponta as mudanças na descrição habermasiana do papel da religião na esfera pública e em seu conceito de sociedade secular para sociedade pós-secular. Após a análise dos textos, uma avaliação crítica é oferecida, destacando-se os valores e alguns dos (...) limites do novo posicionamento de Habermas sobre o tema.Palavras-chave: Habermas - religião - esfera pública - secularização - sociedade pós-secular.: The object of this essay is a critical analysis of the contemporary view of Jürgen Habermas on the role of religion in public sphere. Based on a close reading of two recent papers of Habermas on the above subject-matter, the essay points to the changes in Habermas's thought on the theme and offers a comparison between that view and the preceding one. It also presents the notion of post-secular society, adopted by Habermas in order to warrant his change of opinion about the public role of religion. After the analysis of those papers, a critical evaluation is presented. (shrink)

This article has as its theme the democracy as fundamentalism, or the democratic fundamentalism. Its main objective is the recognition that the thinking about democracy can itself be fundamentalist, implying that not only religious fundamentalisms are a threat to contemporary democracy. Its method and object are the interpretation of texts by two contemporary philosophers who do not usually talk to each other, the Italian Gianni Vattimo and the French Jean-Luc Nancy. The essay's thesis is the affirmation of democratic thinking as (...) a form of fundamentalism, insofar as it fulfills certain conditions established by the two thinkers analyzed. These conditions are, in the language of the aforementioned philosophers, the framing of democracy under the so-called strong thought, or its subsumption to a metaphysical way of thought, so that it becomes incapable of self-criticism and its necessary reinvention. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of a self-critical vision of democracy through dialogue with aspects of thought little known of important philosophers and also through the dialogue between philosophy and theology as emancipatory ways of knowing. (shrink)

This article provides a critical reading of the ‘Parecer CNE-CES 60, de 2014’, from the Ministry of education, Brazil, which defines the curriculum guidelines for courses of Baccalaureate in Theology. In its first section it discusses the theoretical background of the ‘Parecer’, questioning its illuminist orientation, as well as its pedagogical theory focused on contents and not on the students activities. It aims to show that are two opposed educational paradigms in the ‘Parecer’, the illuminist and the constructivist, although the (...) illuminist is the dominant one. It also question the view of the theologian present in the ‘Parecer’, marked by significant absences from the professional field of religious work. In the second section, the article presents a sample of particular interpretation of the ‘Parecer’, indicating the guidelines of a curriculum based on the constructivist paradigm. It dedicates special attention to the occult dimension of the curriculum and to an articulation of the student’s activities in relationship to the disciplines of the course. (shrink)

This study integrates corpus-assisted text analysis with frame semantics to study a social problem. Taking a cognitive-linguistic approach to critical discourse studies, in this article I examine the linguistic construction of minors in a corpus of 489 articles from the Uruguayan newspaper El País in the context of the so-called ‘Criminal Imputability Referendum’. Throughout, I focus on the construal operation of framing and identify a host of discursive patterns via which minors and adolescents are recurrently placed within the semantic frame (...) CRIME, and within this, they profile the frame elements of perpetrators of violent crimes rather than victims. I argue that, in the context of the referendum, these discursive strategies run the risk of facilitating the consolidation of a strong conceptual link whereby youth become readily associated with criminality, and are subservient to the political views of groups supporting a lower cut-off age for criminal responsibility and more stringent punishments. The observations arrived at in this instance set the foundations for a future experimental study testing whether the discursive patterns unearthed here have an effect on how readers conceptualize minors outside the texts. (shrink)

Resumen La educación superior se ha constituido en un objeto de creciente interés en la literatura especializada. A pesar de lo anterior, la mayor parte de la investigación disponible se concentra en estudios de corte descriptivo y evaluativo, sin conectar sus desarrollos con las reflexiones de la teoría sociológica. El presente ensayo identifica las principales posibilidades teóricas y epistemológicas de la teoría de sistemas sociales para el análisis de la educación superior, examinando los rendimientos de la noción de diferenciación de (...) planos de formación sistémica (interacción, organización y sociedad) y la idea de diferenciación de sistemas parciales especializados. Abstract Higher education has become an object of growing interest in the specialized literature. Despite this, most of the available research concentrates on descriptive and evaluative studies, without connecting its developments with the reflections of general sociological theory. This essay identifies the main theoretical and epistemological possibilities of social systems theory for the analysis of higher education, examining the uses of the notion of differentiation of systemic formation planes (interaction, organization, and society) and the idea of differentiation of specialized partial systems. (shrink)

Hantés par la fameuse phrase de Levinas, selon laquelle«s’interroger sur l’identité juive, c’est déjà l’avoir perdue», certains penseurs de la fin du XXe siècle et du début du suivant évoquent un temps béni où nul ne se demandait qui était juif et qui ne l’était pas, si on l’était vraiment, ce que c’était donc que de l’être ; un âge d’or perdu – comme tout âge d’or – où les Juifs ne bénéficiaient certes pas des mêmes droits que les autres (...) habitants du pays, et étaient contraints de vivre da... (shrink)

Hutcheson es el teórico del sentido moral. y por tal se entiende una concepción de nuestro comportamiento ético y político que, a la par que sienta las bases de 10 que se ha instituido como concepción liberal de la política, es incapaz de considerar nuestro laborar en el mundo sin referirlo directamente a las imágenes comunitarias de 10 que sea el bien. Lo que Hutcheson nos puede enseñar es que nuestras discusienes actuales en filosofía política malentienden nuestra tradición y son (...) incapaces de leerla al completo: precisamente a poco que se mire en nuestro pasado se comprenderá que nunca han caminado por separado las concepciones entre un estricto y autónomo sentido moral que juzga desde sí y una benevolencia comunitaria que le da los significados con los que juzgar. (shrink)

Corporate social performance (CSP) has been studied extensively by business and society scholars, yet most approaches to its measurement continue to be ambiguous, controversial and difficult to use (Wood, 2010). In this paper, we propose measuring CSP via the construct of stakeholder satisfaction through social media like Facebook and Twitter. We argue that the satisfaction of stakeholder expectations can be explained with organizational justice theory particularly in the exercise of voice by stakeholders when they perceive unjust behavior on the part (...) of the firm. We test our idea using event study methodology with a sample of 5,440 observations from ten U.S. companies: We found some evidence for the sensitivity of social media to social events of interest to Twitter users. (shrink)

This chapter aims to establish a philosophical discussion about the epistemological conditions of “observation”, from the cybersemiotic transdisciplinary view of knowing. For this purpose, the discussion will be divided into three parts, each one of them with the intention of outlining a conceptual critique that later allows a pertinent justification of the observation from a transcendental semiotics. This work is based on a problem: it seeks to show that a the cybersemiotic point of view, to consider on a foundationalist stance, (...) fails to overcome the epistemological contradictions involved in the contemporary critique of modern philosophy. Hence, the objective on this work is to propose as an alternative the teleological and nominalist attitude of transcendental semiotics, and also as an epistemological principle that allows overcoming problems of the foundationalist. Then, in a first moment, we will seek to establish a critique of the phenomenology of observation from the pragmatic point of view, developed by N. R. Hanson and Richard Rorty. In this direction, the contradictions involved in the definition of knowledge will be shown from the phenomenological and phenomenological positions. In general terms, the epistemological problems found in the foundations of knowledge based on observation will be exposed: specifically, the problem of the empirical basis and perception and the question of the mind as an inner space. Then, in a second moment, a characterization of the “observation” and the “observable fact” will be made from the cybersemiotic point of view. In this sense, these concepts will be described from the peircean semiosis, starting from the theoretical link proposed by Søren Brier. Hence, when considering the observation within the sphere of significance, the approaches will show a non-phenomenological characterization of knowledge and, from there, the overcoming of pragmatic critiques towards phenomenology. The closing will allow circumscribing knowledge from a communicative, semiotic and autopoietic approach. Finally, and as a contribution to the state of the discussion, the present chapter will make a defense of the cybersemiotic phenomenology of observation but considering the pragmatic conditions of knowledge from a transcendental semiotics perspective. In this sense, the transcendental concepts of truth-consensus and fin-ideal will be used to develop a relevant theoretical field that allows a transcendental justification of the communicative-intersubjective nature of knowledge postulated by cybersemiotics. (shrink)