This article presents a review of the theoretical support of the Portfolio of Evidence as a pedagogical tool to be used at the higher level with the aim of improving writing products, understanding the importance of developing in students’ skills for the optimal construction of academic writings. The portfolio then becomes a resource used by teachers not only to obtain evidence of the progress of students in the subject that is developed, but also constitutes an indicator to assess the progress (...) in the acquisition of learning in the studentfrom the writings it produces. The particularity of being continuous and progressive also allows the student to self-assess their progress through the writing they make and can generate strategies for continuous improvement. (shrink)

This work intends to give reason of the generic sense of Levinas' notion of diachrony and of the influence of Husserl's phenomenology of time in the construction of that category. First, we concentrate ourselves in the 1949 text, Le temps et l'Autre, in which Lévinas introduces the figure of diachrony, and especially in his description of it as a time in which the relation with transcendence is fulfilled. The second thing we deal with more extensively, is the itinerary of the (...) levinasian interpretation of Husserl's On the phenomenology of the consciousness of internal time, in order to suggest certain existing connections between the critical interpretation of the husserlian notions of Urimpression and of living present and the comprehension of diachronic time as a concrete event anchored in the subject's sensitive existence, which is anarchic as regards the present of representation.El presente trabajo se propone dar cuenta del sentido genérico de la noción levinasiana de diacronía y del influjo de la fenomenología del tiempo husserliana en la construcción de esa categoría. Inicialmente nos centramos en el texto de 1949, Le temps et l'Autre, en el que Lévinas presenta la figura de diacronía, centrándonos especialmente en su descripción como tiempo en el que se cumple la relación con la trascendencia. En segundo lugar, abordamos de manera más extensa el recorrido de la lectura levinasiana de las Lecciones de fenomenología de la conciencia del tiempo interno de Husserl, para sugerir ciertos nexos existentes entre la interpretación crítica de la noción de Urimpression y la de presente viviente husserlianas y su comprensión del tiempo diacrónico como un acontecimiento concreto anclado en la existencia sensible del sujeto, anárquica respecto del presente de la representación. (shrink)

In contemporary political theory, democracy embodies the ideals of the Aristotelian state, the one that is most able to realize the ideal life of the political community. Nevertheless, fledgling democracies are confronted with economic and political problems which Paul Ricœur thinks are due to the essential dissymmetry between the governing authority and the governed, culminating in the violence of the powerful agent. The enjoyment of the good life in a democracy presupposes what Ricœur calls an ethics of politics, which consists (...) in nothing other than the creation of spaces of freedom which confer on the governed a structure that enables its members to pursue the aim of enduring indefinitely in the future. When the governing authority buries into oblivion the desire of the historical community to live well with and for others in just institutions, the governed are expected to act in concert in order to ascertain their enjoyment of the good life because they feel particularly responsible for the horizontal bond that is constitutive of their will to live together. Thus, Paul Ricœur explains that the balancing of power in common and domination is an endless task of democracy that seeks to place domination under the control of power-in-common. (shrink)

Este artículo explora las diferentes significaciones del tiempo en la obra Nadie nada nunca de Juan José Saer y la singularidad de su escritura. Propone una aproximación interdisciplinar que articula elementos de crítica literaria y conceptos de la filosofía de Emmanuel Levinas a fin de elucidar los potenciales sentidos ontológico, estético y político del fenómeno temporal en la novela estudiada. El concepto levinasiano de diacronía es utilizado como figura hermenéutica esencial para comprender y caracterizar el estilo de escritura saeriana, que (...) da cuenta de la experiencia del presente que afecta a los personajes, y de la imagen del tiempo discontinuo implícita en la obra. Se retoma, entonces, desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, los conceptos de presente, instante, memoria y conciencia trabajados en los estudios literarios sobre la obra de Saer, para encontrar, más allá de una concepción ontológica de la materialidad del tiempo, un recurso estético que permite pensar la constitución del tiempo y de la subjetividad en el contexto de la dictadura militar en Argentina. (shrink)

Advirtiendo la relevancia del concepto de salud psíquica, se propone una definición formal del mismo, fundamentada en la filosofía de santo Tomás de Aquino. Se comprende, así, como una disposición aptitudinal ordenada del apetito sensitivo, como parte en cuanto parte de la operación voluntaria. Tal definición permite comprender la salud psíquica en su especificidad, como perfección de la dimensión sensible superior, distinguiéndola, por un lado, de la salud corpórea y, por otro, de la virtud. A la vez, ella permite establecer (...) un diálogo fecundo con tales realidades en orden a alcanzar la madurez humana. (shrink)

Artículo teórico-reflexivo que responde al objetivo de generar lineamientos para el abordaje de daños en el ámbito emocional en investigaciones con seres humanos. Utilizando directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario y, como referente, a la teorista Joyce Travelbee, se genera un diagrama de flujo como propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos, con base en la formalidad, la rigurosidad y la empatía que requiere el (...) proceso de ayuda ante potenciales daños generados en una investigación. Esto debido a que resulta perentorio presentar guías predefinidas en cualquier investigación que, tras un minucioso análisis, presente el riesgo de compromiso emocional en los participantes. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente artículo trata de mostrar y demostrar la influencia del voluntarismo tardo-medieval -tanto en su versión escotista como principalmente en la ockhamista- en la filosofía política y jurídica moderna. Parte exponiendo en forma sintética los principios fundamentales de la filosofía de Ockham para luego analizar algunas de sus consecuencias, entre las que destacan el contingentismo de la ley y el individualismo metodológico.: The present article tries to show and to demonstrate the influence of the late-medieval voluntarism -both in (...) its escotic version and mainly in the ockhamist- in the modern political and juridical philosophy. Part exposing in synthetic form the fundamental principles of Ockham's philosophy to later analyze some of its consequences, among which the contingentism of law and methodological individualism stand out. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel predictivo de los factores técnico-docentes de la enseñanza media en el éxito académico en una universidad estatal chilena, desagregado en tres variantes: tiempo de titulación, rendimiento académico y relación titulado-desertor de cada carrera.Metodológicamente, se realiza un análisis descriptivo y correlacional, aplicando modelos de regresión. Se consideraron como factores técnico-docentes el colegio de proveniencia, la modalidad educacional y el promedio de notas.Los resultados indican que existe baja correlación entre las variables predictoras y (...) el rendimiento universitario y los análisis de regresión muestra un bajo nivel predic- tivo las variables predictoras. (shrink)

The current study analyzed the relationship between Coronavirus Awareness, mental health, and willingness to seek professional psychological help. This was made through a quantitative approach, using online questionnaires to collect data from 855 subjects. The questionnaires included the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure mental health indicators, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale–Short Form, and the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-10. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that three factors underlie the CAS-10: Coronavirus Concern, Exaggerated Perception, and Immunity Perception. Results indicate a (...) significant positive correlation between Coronavirus Concern and both general anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms. Immunity Perception is positively related to paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms. A Mediation Analysis determined that Coronavirus Concern has a significant positive direct effect on Openness to Seeking Psychological Treatment, while Exaggerated Perception and Immunity Perception scores have significant direct negative effects on the Value and Need in Seeking Treatment scores. Indirectly, the relationship between Coronavirus Concern and OPST is significantly mediated by anxiety symptoms. Similar results were found for the VNST subscale. There is a negative significant effect of Immunity Perception over OSPT mediated by Paranoid Ideation. However, the overall model only achieved small r2 coefficients for the OSPT and VNST scores. Comparisons in Coronavirus Awareness between sex, age, and the presence of children and older adults at home were also made. These results are discussed regarding their practical implications for mental health providers and policymakers. (shrink)

To most of us – believers and non-believers alike – the possibility of a perfect God co-existing with the kinds of evil that we see calls out for explanation. It is unsurprising, therefore, that the belief that God must have justifying reasons for allowing all the evil that we see has been a perennial feature of theistic thought. Recently, however, a growing number of authors have argued that the existence of a perfect God is compatible with the existence of gratuitous (...) evil. Given powerful, millenia-long sensibilities about power and love and justice, it isn’t hard to find that suggestion simply incredible. Nonetheless, in this paper I will argue that the most prominent theistic alternatives to what has seemed incredible to most of us throughout most of history are themselves patently unacceptable for the theist as well. On any of the most widely accepted accounts of how God could have justifying reasons for permitting some evils, God’s existence means that we have justifying reasons for perpetrating and allowing every evil that we see. That's hard to swallow too. If I’m right about all of this, then two competing outcomes seem to present themselves as a possible result. On the one hand, for the theist, the apparently outrageous suggestion that the existence of a perfect God is compatible with gratuitous evil no longer looks like it faces a formidable, hard-to-resist alternative. On the other hand, some like me might think that my arguments go no distance at all towards dispelling the incredibility of the gratuitous evil nouvelle vague. On this line, theism may seem now to be between the rock and the hard place: it seems hard to make sense of the existence of a perfect God whether or not He has justifying reasons for allowing all the evil that we see. (shrink)

Frente al agotamiento del sistema democrático occidental y sus limitaciones, Luis Villoro ve al futuro y plantea la necesidad de construir nuevos Estados y replantear las sociedades a partir de tres ejes centrales: justicia, democracia ...

Paul Silva has recently argued that doxastic justification does not have a basing requirement. An important part of his argument depends on the assumption that doxastic and moral permissibility have a parallel structure. I here reply to Silva's argument by challenging this assumption. I claim that moral permissibility is an agential notion, while doxastic permissibility is not. I then briefly explore the nature of these notions and briefly consider their implications for praise and blame.

Logic arguably plays a role in the normativity of reasoning. In particular, there are plausible norms of belief/disbelief whose antecedents are constituted by claims about what follows from what. But is logic also relevant to the normativity of agnostic attitudes? The question here is whether logical entailment also puts constraints on what kinds of things one can suspend judgment about. In this paper I address that question and I give a positive answer to it. In particular, I advance two logical (...) norms of agnosticism, where the first one allows us to assess situations in which the subject is agnostic about the conclusion of a valid argument and the second one allows us to assess situations in which the subject is agnostic about one of the premises of a valid argument. (shrink)

Deontological evidentialism is the claim that we ought to form and maintain our beliefs in accordance with our evidence. In this paper, I criticize two arguments in its defense. I begin by discussing Berit Broogard’s use of the distinction between narrow-scope and wide-scope requirements against W.K. Clifford’s moral defense of. I then use this very distinction against a defense of inspired by Stephen Grimm’s more recent claims about the moral source of epistemic normativity. I use this distinction once again to (...) argue that Hilary Kornblith’s criticism of Richard Feldman’s defense of is incomplete. Finally, I argue that Feldman’s defense is insensitive to the relation between normative requirements and privileged values: values that have normative authority over us. (shrink)

This is not a guide for your writing process. You should write in whatever way expressing and making sense of your ideas feels most natural and most productive to you. This is a guide for organizing your ideas, after you have captured some of them in fits and starts of prose, into a particular kind of final product: the basic philosophy paper.

Given plausible assumptions about the nature of evidence and undercutting defeat, many believe that the force of the evidential problem of evil depends on sceptical theism’s being false: if evil is...

In this novel account of global citizenship, Luis Cabrera argues that all individuals have a global duty to contribute directly to human rights protections and to promote rights-enhancing political integration between states. The Practice of Global Citizenship blends careful moral argument with compelling narratives from field research among unauthorized immigrants, activists seeking to protect their rights, and the 'Minuteman' activists striving to keep them out. Immigrant-rights activists, especially those conducting humanitarian patrols for border-crossers stranded in the brutal Arizona desert, (...) are shown as embodying aspects of global citizenship. Unauthorized immigrants themselves are shown to be enacting a form of global 'civil' disobedience, claiming the economic rights central to the emerging global normative charter while challenging the restrictive membership regimes that are the norm in the current global system. Cabrera also examines the European Union, seeing it as a crucial laboratory for studying the challenges inherent in expanding citizen membership. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo analizaremos la consideración de la temporeidad en la relación Dasein-mundo, a partir de dos trabajos de Heidegger. En especial, desarrollaremos un estudio histórico-hermenéutico de sus elaboraciones en torno a los horizontes temporales, tanto en el período de SuZ, como en su curso de Friburgo de 1929-1930. En este marco buscaremos dar cuenta de las diferencias en que articula tales cuestiones respecto a sus relaciones con los éxtasis del Dasein. Junto a ello, nos proponemos argumentar que esta (...) diferencia y su desplazamiento pueden entenderse como una reelaboración que articula la comprensión relacional del Dasein ya desplegada en 1927. (shrink)

¿Qué es esa sensación muy típica, muy marcada e inconfundible de "lo bello" ¿A qué se debe? ¿Es la belleza un puro fenómeno subjetivo, o es una cualidad de lo real en cuanto tal? Y esto -si así fuera- ¿se produce como impronta de lo trascendente en lo inmanente? Estas son, entre otras, las cuestiones que el autor se plantea e intenta resolver del modo más completo posible en este estudio, tratando de abarcar todos los factores, niveles y dimensiones diferentes (...) que juegan un papel importante en la vivencia estética y en la creatividad artística. (shrink)

Reflexió dedicada al cos humà. Per tal d’analitzar algunes de les característiques del cos humà en la societat dels nostres dies, es procedeix, d’entrada, a una breu exposició de la història del cos en la cultura occidental i, més endavant, s’analitzen alguns aspectes laterals, però tanmateix essencials per a un tractament antropològic del cos com poden ser, per exemple, el cos de la dona en la cultura occidental i el patriarcalisme com a forma d’organitzar els cossos humans.

resumo Sensus Communis: An Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour é o segundo de um conjunto de seis tratados que Anthony Ashley Cooper publicou em 1711 com o nome de Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. O presente artigo busca analisar a estreita relação que os conceitos de “razão” e “zombaria” assumem nesta obra e a sua importância para a elaboração da noção shaftesburiana de “senso comum”. palavras-chave Shaftesbury – senso comum – razão – zombaria – humor – (...) engenho. (shrink)

Es, quiza, la coleccion mas abierta que existe en cuestiones de etica, aunque se ha ocupado tambien de antropologia, estetica, ontologia, teoria del conocimiento e historia de la filosofia. El primer titulo que se publico en la coleccion fue la gran Historia de la filosofia y de la ciencia en tres volumenes de Ludovico Geymonat. A este le han seguido obras de A. J. Ayer, A. MacIntyre, Ernst Tugendhat, Antoni Domenech, Anna Estany, Agnes Heller, F. Fernandez Buey, Carlos Paris, Emilio (...) Lledo, Manuel Sacristan, John Rawls o Ludwig Wittgenstein. Victoria Camps ha dirigido, ademas, una gran Historia de la etica, en tres volumenes, en la que han colaborado los mejores especialistas espanoles. Manual al dia y de lectura agil y amena sobre valores y conceptos como el de igualdad y prioridad, fundamentales en los estudios de la filosofia de hoy. (shrink)

A partir da temática abordada no filme Gattaca - a experiência genética, que trata de uma sociedade adepta da eugenia; mostraremos quais são as implicações morais que essa prática pode ocasionar em uma sociedade, bem como as diversas discriminações. Em contra-argumento a essa prática, abordaremos a teoria de Peter Singer em prol do princípio da igual consideração de interesses, demonstrando que dessa maneira teríamos sociedades menos discriminatórias. Enfim, queremos mostrar que caso não nos alertemos para as questões abordadas por Singer, (...) nós, agentes morais, faremos emergir uma sociedade preconceituosa, tal como vemos no filme Gattaca.: From selected themes in the movie Gattaca - A genetic experiment that describes a eugenics society, we will show what are the moral implications of the eugenic practice to the society as well as its several kinds of discrimination. We will argue against such practice by appropriating Peter Singer’s theory on behalf of the principle of equal consideration of interests by showing that societies based on it would be less discriminatory. Finally, we show that if we do not consider the issues raised by Singer we, moral agents, will make emerge a prejudiced society similar to that narrated by the movie Gattaca. Key words: Moral, Equality, Eugenie, discrimination. (shrink)

Objectivo deste artigo é, antes de mais, propor uma introdução à leitura das Notes de Cours du Collège de France (1956-1960) dedicadas por Maurice Merleau-Ponty ao conceito de Natureza. O artigo parte da constatação de que na meditação merleau-pontyana a Natureza assume o lugar de uma importante ramificação do questionamento ontológico. Mostra-se, dessa forma, por que razão devemos ver na Natureza uma folha de Ser ou o próprio Sensível, já visível no animal e inscrito no corpo como espaço-tempo vivido, eco (...) esteseológico, pensamento selvagem ou experiência de uma universalidade que, para aquém de qualquer esforço noético, se desvela nas dobras de uma continuidade ontológica sem quebras. /// Aim of this paper is to shed light on some of the central themes that Merleau-Ponty pursued throughout his Notes de Cours du Collàge de France, 1956-1960, thus presenting what might be considered the main features of Merleau-Ponty's meditation on the concept of Nature. The paper starts by underlining how much Nature is part of the ontological quest of Merleau-Ponty's late philosophy. According to Merleau-Ponty, nature needs to be seen as a leaf of Being or the Sensible itself present in any living being and in its environment, but also as inscribed in the body of the painter, beyond any noetic effort, as lived space-time, estheseological echo, savage thinking or an experience of the universal sensed as an ontological continuity without losses. (shrink)