Aristotle is indebted to the more precise distinction and elaboration of the concepts of theory and practice. He made philosophy a theoretical knowledge, coining the notion of theory as speculative knowledge of given realities in the world.However, this theory is no longer a contemplation of Ideas, but of essential and universal realities, arising from an intellectual abstraction of nature. The theoretical knowledge turns to the nature of things to observe their causes and developments.Alongside theory and in opposition to it, he (...) develops the notion of practice (praxis). In general, it can be said that praxis dominates everything that is operable by man, that is, it concerns properly human action insofar as it is immanent and voluntary. Although theory and practice most often present themselves as completely opposite and independent, it is possible to verify that the Aristotelian system presupposes a certain degree of coherence involving some key concepts of his philosophy. In this sense, the main objective of this seminar is to investigate the ways in which it is possible to think about the relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge in Aristotle’s philosophy, taking into account excerpts from two of hismain works of maturity, namely, Metaphysics and Nicomachean Ethics. (shrink)

En este trabajo se presenta una intervención psicológica con un jugador de fútbol profesional que muestra un nivel muy bajo de confianza y problemas para poder concentrarse durante las competiciones. Desde un enfoque cognitivo-conductual se implementó un programa de entrenamiento psicológico con una duración de cuatro meses. Se realizó una evaluación inicial y final para valorar la satisfacción y la eficacia del programa. La intervención estuvo formada por técnicas y estrategias como reestructuración cognitiva, establecimiento de objetivos, plan de competición, auto-registros (...) conductuales y técnicas de relajación y visualización. Al finalizar el programa el futbolista muestra un nivel mucho más alto de confianza y tiene recursos eficaces para poder concentrarse tanto en los partidos como en los entrenamientos. Se postula la adecuación del enfoque cognitivo-conductual a la intervención psicológica en el ámbito deportivo, enfatizando la importancia de incorporar estrategias psicológicas en el trabajo del entrenamiento deportivo. (shrink)

Dentro del indudable atractivo que provoca hoy día el estudio del siglo XVI, queremos ofrecer la visión de un trabajo local, realizado bajo la óptica de una familia de maestros de obra moriscos: la familia Orejón. Pretendemos dar a conocer la protección de la nobleza a sus criados moriscos que encuentran gran número de obstáculos para realizar su trabajo diario por parte de los cristianos. En el presente trabajo, dejando al margen las cuestiones artísticas, damos una aproximación sobre la formación (...) de una red de parentesco y su actuación en la ciudad determinada: Guadalajara, sede principal de asentamiento de la familia Mendoza. (shrink)

Se busca rastrear la imagen que Platón tiene de Heráclito y articularla con la estructura argumentativa del Cratilo, para comprender las necesidades textuales a las que responde la doctrina del flujo perpetuo, es decir, la discusión sobre la corrección (ὀρθότης) del nombre. Gracias a la inclusión del testimonio heraclíteo, resulta posible rastrear la presunta consolidación de la tesis sobre los nombres primarios y los secundarios como el eje de la separación entre dos planos de realidad (uno estable y uno móvil) (...) y de la teoría de las Ideas -es decir, como la base de la epistemología platónica presente en los diálogos de madurez-. The article seeks to trace the image Plato has of Heraclitus and connect it with the argumentative structure of the Cratylus in order to understand the textual needs that give rise to the doctrine of perpetual flux, that is, the discussion regarding the correctness (ὀρθότης) of names. The inclusion of Heraclitus's testimony makes it possible to trace the alleged consolidation of the thesis regarding primary and secondary names as the axis of separation between two levels of reality (one stable, the other, changing) and the theory of Ideas -that is, as the basis of Plato's epistemology as set forth in the late dialogues-. (shrink)

O presente estudo parte da compreensão de que a sexualidade é uma dimensão de grande importância na constituição educacional da personalidade e na emancipação humana, e visa levantar possibilidades de compreendê-la a partir do pensamento ontológico de György Lukács. Para tal, apresenta e articula os conceitos de ontologia, ser social e trabalho, discute o lugar da subjetividade no ser social, e propõe uma reflexão sobre a sexualidade como dimensão que, mesmo originária de uma pré-disposição biológica, se reveste de sentido social (...) e se faz central no processo de constituição da sociedade. This study is based on the understanding that sexuality is a very important dimension in the educational constitution of personality and in human emancipation, and intends to raise possibilities of comprehending it from the point of view of György Lukács´ onthological thinking. It therefore introduces and articulates the concepts of ontology, social being and work, discusses the room for subjectivity in the social being, and proposes a reflection about sexuality as a socially meaningful dimension, which is central for the constitution of society, even though originating from a biological predisposition. (shrink)

We present a psychometric test of life history theory as applied to human individual differences using MIDUS survey data (Brim et al. 2000). Twenty scales measuring cognitive and behavioral dimensions theoretically related to life history strategy were constructed using items from the MIDUS survey. These scales were used to construct a single common factor, the K-factor, which accounted for 70% of the reliable variance. The scales used included measures of personal, familial, and social function. A second common factor, Covitality, was (...) constructed from scales for physical and mental health. Finally, a single general factor, Personality, was constructed from scales for the “Big Five” factors of personality. The K-factor, covitality factor, and general personality factor correlated significantly with each other, supporting the prediction that high K predicts high somatic effort and also manifests in behavioral display. Thus, a single higher-order common factor, the Super-K factor, was constructed that consisted of the K-factor, covitality factor, and personality factor. (shrink)

The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data were used to test predictions from life history theory. We hypothesized that (1) in young adulthood an emerging life history strategy would exist as a common factor underlying many life history traits (e.g., health, relationship stability, economic success), (2) both environmental harshness and unpredictability would account for unique variance in expression of adolescent and young adult life history strategies, and (3) adolescent life history traits would predict young adult life history strategy. These (...) predictions were supported. The current findings suggest that the environmental parameters of harshness and unpredictability have concurrent effects on life history development in adolescence, as well as longitudinal effects into young adulthood. In addition, life history traits appear to be stable across developmental time from adolescence into young adulthood. (shrink)

In this article we try to establish the historical status of the fall of the Berlin Wall. An event considered in its moment as the collapse of communism and with it, the “end of History”. Towards that goal, we analyze the meaning of the construction of that Wall, as well as its fall, within the general process of deconstruction of walls and borders by which human kind defines itself. This article concludes with the affirmation that the fall of the Berlin (...) Wall was a historical and transcendental event that, with other factors, gave the way to a “glocalized” world, but it did not mean the “end of History”. (shrink)

Antigone is one of the greatest characters in Greek Tragedy and has deserved the biggest attention throughout posterity. Other characters in the homonymous tragedy by Sophocles have not deserved, however, the same attention. This is especially surprising in the case of Ismene, –the sister of Antigone–, who faces the same problem as her and, consequently, has the opportunity of becoming protagonist along with Antigone, changing so the very title of the play and even its tragic character. Taking all this into (...) account, in this paper we will not analyze all the concepts of justice included in Sophocles’ tragedy, but only those represented by Antigone and Ismene and that from our own praxis horizon. (shrink)

El texto considera las dos dicotomías del deseo productor de juicios de valor en Spinoza: deseo pasional versus deseo racional y deseo ético versus deseo político, y explica por qué todo acuerdo sobre valores posee un carácter político. Atiende, luego, al modo en que construye lo que llama “dictámenes de la razón” a través de la idea universal de hombre y la noción de mal. Revisa la socialidad tejida espontáneamente por la imitación de los afectos y la cooperación intelectual de (...) la multitud. Y, por último, esboza el concepto de deseo común adecuado a la multitud libre. Su tesis es que el deseo común de concordia que mueve a la multitud libre se constituye, paradójicamente, en la disputa por las definiciones compartidas de lo bueno y lo malo, esto es, en la disputa en torno a la institución del imperium. (shrink)

Original scholarly essays by leading philosophers, which bring to life Machiavelli’s lengthiest and most challenging work.

Manual completo y actualizado de la teología moral católica que responde plenamente a las preguntas que sobre esta materia se hace el hombre de hoy.

A secondary analysis was performed on preliminary data from an ongoing cross-cultural study on assortative pairing. Independently sampled pairs of opposite-sex romantic partners and of same-sex friends rated themselves and each other on Life History (LH) strategy and mate value. Data were collected in local bars, clubs, coffeehouses, and other public places from three different cultures: Tucson, Arizona; Hermosillo, Sonora; and San José, Costa Rica. The present analysis found that slow LH individuals assortatively pair with both sexual and social partners (...) more strongly than fast LH individuals. We interpret this phenomenon as representing (1) an adaptation for preserving coadapted genomes in slow LH strategists to maintain high copying fidelity genetic replication while producing a lower number of offspring in stable, predictable, and controllable environments and (2) a bet-hedging adaptation in fast LH strategists, favoring the genetic diversification of a higher number of offspring in unstable, unpredictable, and uncontrollable environments. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é discutir o pensamento político de Espinosa confrontando-o, por um lado, com o que poderíamos chamar a “ideologia dominante" da época, o pensamento cristão, aqui examinado a partir da correspondência com o dinamarquês N. Stensen, e, por outro lado, com o quadro teórico em que a questão política está então a ser recolocada, o pensamento de Hobbes. Além da conhecida explicitação do que o distingue em relação a Hobbes ( Carta L, a J. Jelles), é na (...) Correspondência que Espinosa expõe a articulação entre a política e os grandes temas de sua metafísica, como são a doutrina da causa imanente e o binômio liberdade/necessidade. Lugar privilegiado de auscultação da opinião dominante e, por isso, exercício em si mesmo exemplarmente político, as cartas são também o espaço textual em que a metafísica se expõe às suas consequências políticas e a teoria se confronta com a prática, oferecendo uma visão de Espinosa que, se está longe do "positivista" hobbesiano, não está menos longe do visionário afastado da realidade que o circunda e o condiciona. (shrink)

Se critica el nuevo artículo de Ulises Moulines, «Crispaciones hispánicas », publicado en este mismo número como réplica al mío, «Un nacionalista en apuros», éste en respuesta a su inicial «Manifiesto nacionalista». En la primera parte, ilustro con detalle los múltiples modos como mi adversario incumple los requisitos morales mínimos que deben regir un debate teórico. Se enumera así su recurso al victimismo, sus argucias para tergiversar mis tesis explícitas y, en fin, su evasión sistemática de casi todas mis objeciones. (...) La segunda parte pretende probar la inconsistencia del silogismo que condensa las proposiciones centrales de Moulines. La premisa ontológica, más que la existencia de las naciones, demuestra la de los nacionalismos empeñados en construirlas y dotarlas de soberanía; la premisa axiológica, o «principio del valor intrínseco de la pluralidad del ser», resulta estética y éticamente indefendible; su conclusión práctica, en pro del nacionalismo, será por fuerza inconsecuente además de temeraria. En la tercera parte, frente a las propuestas moulineanas sobre la España actual, sugiero un par de reflexiones: de un lado, acerca del significado del carácter «multinacional» de nuestro país y por qué es preferible denominarlo «España» y no «Estado español»; del otro, y tras rechazar la alternativa «o resignación o secesión», muestro la falta en Moulines de razones que legitimen las consultas de autodeterminación, amén del sinsentido y probables efectos desastrosos de su ejercicio en la España de nuestros días. (shrink)

A soberania é um conceito cuja definição remete para o absoluto e o incondicionado, pese embora a sua génese se situar na modernidade, o que significa ter de se prescindir, na sua formulação, de qualquer recurso de natureza transcendente, como os que serviam de lastro à legitimação do poder nas concepções antiga e medieval. É objectivo do presente artigo analisar este paradoxo, sempre presente no Estado contemporâneo, evidenciando, a partir dos escritos de Fernando Gil sobre o tema, o modo como (...) a soberania alberga em simultâneo duas dimensões conceptuais que são antagónicas e, no entanto, inalienáveis. (shrink)