Le projet Mémoires de Lubumbashi, créé en 2000, a pour objectif de collecter des sources orales sur l’histoire de cette ville minière (deuxième ville du Congo et capitale du Katanga), ainsi que des sources picturales et des objets. L’objectif est de fournir un contre-point aux sources écrites coloniales pour venir dessiner une histoire plurielle de la ville, en proposant une démarche participative et inclusive aux habitants. Des récits de vie des travailleurs de l’Union Minière du Haut-Katanga pendant la période coloniale, (...) des récits également de leurs compagnes et de leurs filles, trop souvent oubliées des enquêtes historiques, des photographies familiales, des créations de théâtre populaire en kiswahili (surtout de la troupe Mufwankolo) qui évoquent le quotidien de la colonisation, des répertoires de chansons populaires sont autant d’exemples de cette large collecte. C’est à une conception de l’histoire en lien avec les citoyens que l’auteur nous invite, attaché à écrire les vies quotidiennes des « sans voix ». (shrink)

Dans le contexte social et politique actuel, n'est-il pas nécessaire que les soignants réfléchissent à leur pratique au cas où le législateur envisagerait une dépénalisation de l'euthanasie? Ce livre relate le parcours effectué par des médecins de soins palliatifs qui se sont confrontés à cette question. II expose une réflexion basée sur la pratique clinique en institution et à domicile. Il est une invitation pour le lecteur à un cheminement, certes personnel, mais aussi collectif. Les champs concernés sont variés : (...) analyse de la volonté de mourir, identification de typologies de situations, propositions de soins et d'accompagnement, recherche d'alternatives à l'euthanasie, élaboration de compromis, approfondissement des repères du soin... La question de la transgression est aussi abordée. En effet, les auteurs demeurent opposés à une dépénalisation de l'euthanasie. Pour autant, peut-on, dans des situations exceptionnelles, défendre la légitimité d'un homicide, que le cadre légal soit modifié ou non? l'eut-on énoncer des repères pratiques et éthiques pour construire au mieux la délibération? Au terme de leur travail, les auteurs s'interrogent plus généralement sur le développement des soins palliatifs en cas de dépénalisation de l'euthanasie. Ce livre s'adresse à tous les publics. En effet, si le législateur décide de dépénaliser l'euthanasie, cela modifiera certes les conceptions du soin, mais aussi les modalités du "vivre ensemble". Si l'interdit de l'homicide n'est plus un repère collectif, chaque citoyen, chaque soignant, chaque équipe devra constituer ses propres repères afin de déterminer ce qui fait sens ou non sens pour le patient, ses proches, mais aussi pour l'ensemble de la société. (shrink)

It is especially from the 1970s onwards, and certainly linked to the “linguistic turn”, that the specialized research in Nietzsche begins to show a growing interest in his thesis of an intimate relationship between word and thought, sometimes emphasizing the role of rhetoric in Nietzschean reflections on science, truth and language. The present work aims, in the context of the first two chapters of Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil, to investigate Nietzsche's particular treatment of the problem of truth and what (...) such treatment, imbricated to the stylistic strategy of his rhetoric in the mentioned chapters, undertakes in terms of reinstating the question not only about truth, but also about the margins of philosophical discursiveness itself. (shrink)

The aim of this essay is to provisionally put forward a definition of “system” as a mode of reflection that, as its Greek etymology suggests, “holds together” and rests upon a conception of philosophical discourse as a kind of arborescence. From a common trunk, as it were, the branches delimiting the domains of philosophy would emanate. Fundamentally, the system would then be the form taken by the action called “philosophizing” and would constitute the material form of “Philosophy” – which would (...) assume, to a certain extent, the role of structure. (shrink)

In the text Critique of the Foundations of Psychology (1928) Georges Politzer (1903-1942) sought to investigate the epistemological bases of some currents of psychology. His intention was to reorient psychological studies toward a concreteconception. By analyzing Gestalt theory, Behaviorism, and Psychoanalysis, Politzer outlined a project of concrete psychology with some principles that guide possible perspectives of studies on psychological phenomena. His principles consist instudying psychological facts through the prism of the first person and consider man in his drama. Despite being (...) Hungarian, the author walked his political and intellectual path in France in the 20th century, a time when Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980) focusedon psychological phenomena under the prism of phenomenology, proposing an Existential Psychoanalysis at the end of Being and Nothingness (1943). In this sense, we will verify to what extent the Sartrian theory can contemplate Politzer’s principlesof a concrete psychology. (shrink)

O texto pretende mostrar que, apesar de Deleuze dizer que a univocidade possui três grandes momentos na história da filosofia, Duns Scoto, Spinoza e Nietzsche, sua filosofia mesma constitui um momento contemporâneo nesta história. Será a idéia de plano de imanência a resposta propriamente deleuziana ao problema da oposição entre a analogia de proporção e a univocidade do ser na história da filosofia.

Resumo: O artigo parte do problema apontado por Michel Foucault na primeira aula do curso A Hermenêutica do sujeito, datada de 6/01/1982, a saber: o que se passa com o ser do sujeito em sua relação com a verdade? Para desenvolver tal indagação, o filósofo analisa, entre outros aspectos, saberes e práticas característicos da espiritualidade no período de ouro do cuidado de si (séculos I e II). Além de acompanhá-lo em parte desse percurso, pretendemos, com nosso texto, pôr em cena (...) as inflexões que ele implica tanto para o campo da psicologia como para o da formação de professores. Em ambos, é comum que emerjam polêmicas quanto às teorias a adotar como base para uma intervenção mais eficaz ou, preferencialmente, mais crítica. A diferenciação clássica entre ciências naturais e ciências humanas jamais se ausenta desse debate. O presente artigo adota caminho distinto, pois buscamos um modo de arrancar de nossas entranhas o momento cartesiano, arriscando-nos a adotar posturas antipsicologistas e eventualmente antiepistemológicas. Melhor dizendo, indagamos: como, na psicologia e na educação, a constituição de si por si mesmo pode se transformar em uma ética metodológica (ou metodologia ética) de trabalho? Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; espiritualidade; momento cartesiano; psicologia; educação Refusing the Cartesian model: How to equip oneself in psychology and education? Abstract: The present article starts from the problem pointed out by Michel Foucault in the first class of the course The Hermeneutics of the subjetict, dated 6/01/1982, namely: what happens to the being of the subject in its relation to truth? In order to develop this question, the philosopher analyzes, among other aspects, knowledge and practices characteristic of spirituality in the golden period of the care of the self (1st and 2nd centuries). Besides accompanying him in part, we intend, with our text, to put into scene the inflections that implies both for the field of psychology and for the field of teacher’s training. In both fields, it is common for polemics to emerge regarding the theories to be adopted as a basis for a more effective or, preferably, more critical intervention. The differentiation classic between natural sciences and human sciences is never absent from this debate. The present article adopts a different path, for seek a way to pull the Cartesian moment out of our guts, risking to adopt anti-psychological and eventually anti-epistemological postures. Better saying, we inquire how, in psychology and education, the constitution of the self for its own sake can become a methodological ethics (or ethical methodology) of work? Key-words: self-care; spirituality; Cartesian moment; psychology; education Rechazar el modelo cartesiano: ¿Cómo equiparse en psicología y educación? Resúmen: El artículo parte del problema señalado por Michel Foucault en la primera clase do curso La Hermenéutica del sujeto, realizada el 6/01/1982, a saber: ¿qué sucede con el ser del sujeto en su relación con la verdad? Para desarrollar esta cuestión, el filósofo analiza, entre otros aspectos, los conocimientos y las prácticas propias de la espiritualidad en el período de oro del cuidado del yo (siglos I y II). Además de acompañarlo en parte em el camino, nuestro texto pretende destacar las inflexiones que él implica tanto para el campo de la psicología como para el de la formación de maestros. En ambos, es común que surjan controversias en cuanto a las teorías que deben adoptarse como base para una intervención más eficaz o, preferiblemente, más crítica. La diferenciación clásica entre ciencias naturales y ciencias humanas nunca está ausente de este debate. El presente artículo adopta un camino diferente, ya que buscamos una forma de arrancar de dentro, el momento cartesiano, arriesgándonos a adoptar posturas antipsicológicas y, eventualmente antiepistemológicas. Mejor dicho, indagamos ¿cómo, en psicología y educación, la constitución del yo por sí mismo puede convertirse en una ética metodológica (o metodología ética) del trabajo? Palabras clave: cuidado de si; espiritualidad; momento cartesiano; psicología; educación Data de registro: 11/07/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that produce 3‐phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol upon activation by various cues. These 3‐phosphorylated lipids bind to various protein effectors to control many cellular functions. Lipid phosphatases such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) terminate PI3K‐derived signals and are critical to ensure appropriate signaling outcomes. Many lines of evidence indicate that PI3Ks and PTEN, as well as some specific lipid effectors are highly compartmentalized, either in plasma membrane nanodomains or in endosomal compartments. We examine the evidence (...) for specific recruitment of PI3Ks, PTEN, and other related enzymes to membrane nanodomains and endocytic compartments. We then examine the hypothesis that scaffolding of the sources (PI3Ks), terminators (PTEN), and effectors of these lipid signals with a common plasma membrane nanodomain may achieve highly localized lipid signaling and ensure selective activation of specific effectors. This highlights the importance of spatial regulation of PI3K signaling in various physiological and disease contexts. (shrink)

A presente comunicação tem como propósito analisar o modo de participação do povo nas disputas políticas em torno das magistraturas por ele conquistadas, a partir da análise Maquiavel do paradigma republicano romano na obra Discorsi.

A contemporary serious lack of scientific knowledge by the general public and many decision-makers is now quite perceptible, both globally and in Portugal. Living in a science-driven technological world filled with scientific illiteracy is dangerous and a path toward disaster. Recent years brought a fairly strong global movement promoting the so-called “alternative therapy” that also affected Portugal. I propose an evidence-based ethics reflection and argumentation, both encompassing the global and the specific Portuguese reality. I debate the specific arguments used in (...) favour of alternative therapies, demonstrating the inherent fallacies of thought, deliberate manipulation of words and concepts, and the dire consequences for global and local health politics by following this line of biased reasoning. (shrink)

The purpose is to retrace phenomenology's argumentative path towards temporality as the foundation of phenomenality as presentation. The next step is to construct another paradigm based on movement and the processes of differentiation involved in it. The confrontation between these two types of approach, one related to Husserl's genetic phenomenology, and the other which allows us to think of presuppositions for a phenomenology of difference and event based on Merleau-Ponty's lateral writings in the 1950s, serves to question the foundations of (...) this type of philosophy. The final aim is to show how space and time can be described from the point of view of movement. (shrink)

In 1751, LEONHARD EULER established “harmony” between two principles that had been stated by PIERRE-LOUIS-MOREAU DE MAUPERTUIS a few years earlier. These principles are intended to be the foundations of Mechanics; they are the principle of rest and the principle of least action.My claim is that the way in which “harmony” is achieved sets the foundations of so called Analytical Mechanics: it discloses the physical bases of the general ideas, concepts, and motivations of the formalism. My paper intends to show (...) what those physical bases are, and how a picture of the formalism issues from them. This picture is shown to be recast in JOSEPH-LOUIS LAGRANGES justification of the formalism, which strengthens my claim. (shrink)

resumo: Pretende-se discutir a relação entre arte, filosofia, poesia e técnica na construção de uma “história do ser”, tal como esta progressivamente se constrói na obra de Martin Heidegger, sobretudo em seus escritos a partir de meados da década de 1930. abstract: The aim of this work is to discuss the relationship between art, philosophy, poetry and technique in the so-called “history of being”, as the latter is gradually built in the work of Martin Heidegger, particularly in his writings since (...) the mid-1930s. (shrink)

The Adivasi rely on images that are both negative as well as positive to move them in the construction of a new political identity that experiments with the possibilities of change. They have begun, in this vein, to redefine their daily life in light of their political struggles, expressed in terms of ethnicity. The association of this new political consciousness with a newactivism has led to the emergence of a pan-Adivasi identity — a collective response to the colonial and neo-colonial (...) situations to which they have been subjected that transcends identifications made in terms of village or clan and thus that are witness to the active power of resistance and the schematics of a new mode of life. (shrink)

William Thomson published between 1849 and 1852 three influential papers on the theory of heat. However, historians of science have already called attention to Thomson's difficulties in reconciling a principle formulated by James Prescott Joule with another principle formulated by Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot, and to errors Thomson made in his calculations. In the meantime, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius reconciled the two principles, and in 1854 he derived an expression for Carnot's principle. The author and collaborators have shown elsewhere that (...) it was fundamental to Clausius' reasoning that he took to its ultimate consequence the meaning of Carnot's principle as a ‘recovery’ condition. Thomson somehow let the meaning of ‘recovery’ escape him. Therefrom came his troubles. He seems to have been so obsessed by his initial difficulties that he put the emphasis on irreversibility and on conservation of energy, missing ‘all the rest’. (shrink)

La constatación de un proceso de transnacionalización del grupo criminal brasileño de base penitenciaria autodenominado Primer Comando de la Capital solo puede entenderse como un efecto de las formas de operación, prácticas, actividades y configuraciones asumidas por las redes criminales en medio de los cambios estructurales asociadas con la globalización, considerando, principalmente, las dinámicas de los mercados ilícitos de cocaína y marihuana. Entender el proceso de transnacionalización del PCC implica considerar especificidades que presenta un grupo que tiene su origen en (...) las cárceles y particularidades de la dinámica criminal brasileña en cuyo centro la prisión ocupa cada vez un lugar más importante. Aunque el PCC participe y amplíe su presencia internacional, y de hecho ingresó y opera en esas redes globales, lo hace de forma aún muy volcada para su actuación en Brasil. Hay, sin embargo, elementos indicativos de que el grupo evoluciona para nuevas conformaciones en ese mercado criminal global, especialmente aquél del tráfico de drogas. (shrink)

Reading, even when silent and individual, is a social phenomenon and has often been studied as such. Complementary to this view, research has begun to explore how reading is embodied beyond simply being ‘wired’ in the brain. This article brings the social and embodied perspectives together in a very literal sense. Reporting a qualitative study of reading practices across student focus groups from six European countries, it identifies an underexplored factor in reading behaviour and experience. This factor is the sheer (...) physical presence, and concurrent activity, of other people in the environment where one engages in individual silent reading. The primary goal of the study was to explore the role and possible associations of a number of variables (text type, purpose, device) in selecting generic (e.g. indoors vs outdoors) as well as specific (e.g. home vs library) reading environments. Across all six samples included in the study, participants spontaneously attested to varied, and partly surprising, forms of sensitivity to company and social space in their daily efforts to align body with mind for reading. The article reports these emergent trends and discusses their potential implications for research and practice. (shrink)

This research investigates 3- and 5-year-olds' relative fairness in distributing small collections of even or odd numbers of more or less desirable candies, either with an adult experimenter or between two dolls. The authors compare more than 200 children from around the world, growing up in seven highly contrasted cultural and economic contexts, from rich and poor urban areas, to small-scale traditional and rural communities. Across cultures, young children tend to optimize their own gain, not showing many signs of self-sacrifice (...) or generosity. Already by 3 years of age, self-optimizing in distributive justice is based on perspective taking and rudiments of mind reading. By 5 years, overall, children tend to show more fairness in sharing. What varies across cultures is the magnitude of young children's self-interest. More fairness (less self-interest) in distributive justice is evident by children growing up in small-scale urban and traditional societies thought to promote more collective values. (shrink)

Jeffery Aubin,Julio Cesar Dias Chaves,Steve Johnston,Louis Painchaud,Anne Pasquier,Paul-Hubert Poirier,Jennifer Wees,Eric Crégheur.

El texto siguiente trae una discusión en el campo teórico y empírico, de las relaciones entre grupos pantaneros y la naturaleza, en el entorno de las haciendas que se encuentran alrededor de Corumbá y Ladario, ciudades situadas a las márgenes del río Paraguay. En este texto, se comunican resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación acerca del conocimiento, de la cultura y de las representaciones producidas en el contexto de esas poblaciones en el proceso de apropiación de los recursos naturales. De (...) esa forma, se busca mostrar como estos grupos humanos piensan y actúan con relación al territorio pantanero. Finalmente se debate sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo local en el contexto de esas tradiciones. (shrink)

In the present article we aim to thematize the conception of personal identity from a historical articulation based on the notion of axial era. With this strategy, we want to pursue a double objective, namely: (i) to explain the concept of the axial age as an important historical axis for Western culture, focusing on the changes in the role of religion in society; and (ii) to trace a certain constitutive image of modern personal identity from such a historical perspective. In (...) this way, we argue that the personal identity of the modern subject is rooted in a certain reconfiguration of the ways in experiencing religion, resulting in a disembedding of the individual in his society and a growing need for self-realization. Then, we aim to offer an alternative opening for the understanding and assimilation of the original speeches in its contrast with the Western culture. (shrink)

Using data from the 2010 Brazilian census, this paper aims to describe the religious profile of the indigenous population in Brazil. We analyzed information from more than 800,000 individuals. Our results show that indigenous population is mostly Christian that are separated into Catholics and Evangelicals. Moreover, we found a reduced number of people who declared themselves belonging to indigenous traditional religions. Finally, we present the religious profile of the indigenous population according to region, place of residence, age, and schooling.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal promover o diálogo entre Paul Ricœur e Jacques Derrida no que concerne às abordagens que estes dois autores fazem da noção de perdão. A partir disso, discute-se primeiramente a ideia do perdão difícil em Ricœur e, num segundo momento, aquela do perdão im-possível em Derrida. Ainda que falem a partir de posições de fala diferentes, segundo idiomas filosóficos distintos, sustenta-se que a confrontação de ambas as perspectivas nos dá a pensar o perdão de outro (...) modo, segundo a necessidade e a iminência do trato dessa questão em nossos dias. (shrink)

Among various computing models, it is difficult to find a model inspired from the human mind to improve the computational efficiency of the computer. In fact, the human mind becomes competent in responding for the inputs, resourcefully and mindfully acquiring knowledge and experience over continuous processing with the time. Further, as it is possible to find deeper explanation for the human mind in the Buddhism, the introduction of a computing model imitating the human mind based on Buddhist Theory of Mind (...) to enhance the computational efficiency, would be a great research challenge. According to the BTM, human mind is a continuous thought process which arise as per the conditions. Imitating this processing model in the human mind, a computing model called Six-state Continuous Processing model was introduced exploiting 24-causal relations in BTM. This paper discusses this profound Buddhist theoretical approach that was used in order to derive the Six-state continuous processing model. (shrink)